Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich: short biography

Wani lokaci da labarin shi ne m ga mutane da suka bar wani gagarumin alama a gare shi, kuma ba su bashi ga wasu. Amma da yawa lokaci yana sanya kome a wuri da kuma damar domin sabo look at suka wuce suka faru. Daya daga wadannan mutane, wanda feat aka undervalued da Sahaban, shi ne gwarzo na Battle of Chesma - cikakken Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, ban sha'awa facts na rayuwa wanda aka miƙa wa masu karatu na wannan labarin.

midshipman Spiridov

A fice Rasha sojan ruwa kwamandan Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich aka haife kan Janairu 31, 1713 a cikin iyali na Kwamandan Vyborg - birni reconquered daga Swedes da Bitrus I a lokacin Northern War. Bayan samun ilimi a gida, ya kasancẽwa matasa bafadan, ya sadaukar da ga Navy. Riga yana da shekaru goma sha biyar, nasarar da shan Nazarin da kewayawa sciences, ya samun farko da take - a midshipman.

A wannan shekara daga St. Petersburg zuwa Caspian ƙungiyar matasa matuƙan an directed, daga gare su ga nassi na aiki da taƙawa kuma bauta Spiridov. Gregory, ya zo a karkashin umurnin wani gogaggen sojan ruwa kwamandan kuma hydrograph Alekseya Nagaeva, sosai samu nasarar ƙware da hikimar sojan ruwa kimiyya. A 'yan shekarun baya ya aka neme tare da umurnin biyu gekbotami - uku-masted sailing jiragen ruwa ga harkokin sufuri na kaya, da saukowa. A waɗannan shekaru, Voyages Spiridova hanyoyi gudu daga Astrakhan zuwa Farisa.

Service a kan Baltic Sea

A 1732, wani matashi da alamar ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa canjawa wuri zuwa Kronstadt, inda samu daraja da midshipman farkon, ya ci gaba da bauta wa a kan jirgin ruwa na Baltic jiragen ruwa da kuma nada adjutant zuwa mataimakin Admiral Peter Bredahl shekaru shida. Shi ne kusa da fice na sojan ruwa kwamandan tafi real fama horo Spiridov. Gregory A., wanda biography ne inextricably nasaba da tarihin Rasha jiragen ruwa a wadannan shekaru, aka tare da mataimakin-admiral a cikin Azov balaguro a kan Turkish jiragen ruwa da kuma zama wani ɓangare na Don Flotilla halarci duk fadace-fadace.

Bayan haka, ya waƙa rikodin ne a bayansa da shekara uku ya ciyar a Arewa na Rasha, Arkhangelsk, inda sabon-gina jirgin Spiridov sa a miƙa mulki ga docks a matsayin tunawa da shi a Kronstadt. A nan, a kan gaba shekaru goma, ya umarce ba kawai shafi cinikayya hanyoyi, amma kuma - wanda yana da muhimmanci sosai ga makomar aiki - kotu yachts. Wannan ya ba shi damar samun daraja a cikin umurnin na Baltic jiragen ruwa, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - a cikin mafi girman da'irori na nobility.

A sakamakon da aka ba dade a cikin zuwan, da kuma a 1754 ya uniform ado da insignia na kyaftin na uku rank. A wannan daraja Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich zama memba na jihar hukumar, wanda ci gaba da wani sabon kundin tsarin Navy da aka neme. A karshen aikin, ya aka nada babban hafsan sojan ruwan gentry yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps, inda daraja na kamfanin kwamandan Spiridov shirya domin ta nan gaba Rasha admirals.

Saka hannu cikin shekaru bakwai 'War

Shekaru Bakwai shekaru 'War, wata ƙungiya wadda, tare da da yawa daga cikin manyan ikokin na duniya da kuma zama Rasha, Gregory A. ciyar a cikin Baltic rundunar motoci da yin fama manufa, a lokacin da ya umarci ayyukan daga tekun na Sweden, Danzig, Copenhagen da kuma Stralzunda. Lokacin da, a cikin 1761, Janar Pyotr Rumyantsev, kewaye birnin da yaƙi da sansanin soja na Kolberg (yanzu Polish ƙasa), shi ya ɗauki reinforcements, shi ne Spiridov a kan su jiragen ruwa suka kawo masa dubu biyu da sojojin.

Ya hau zuwa kursiyin a 1762, matasa Empress Catherine II yaba da isa yabo na "gaskiya kuma jarumi jami'in" (ya ce game da shi, Janar Rumyantsev), da kuma Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich aka ciyar da su Rear Admiral a kan nadin matsayin kwamandan wata rundujar soja masu dawaki na Revel. Sai ya zama mai alhakin matsayi. Da aikinsu na sabuwar sanya admiral ya tabbatar da tsaro na Baltic teku sadarwa. A ƙarshe daga shekaru bakwai 'War, don wani lokaci da ya yi aiki a matsayin babban hafsan da Kronstadt da Revel tashoshin jiragen ruwa, sa'an nan ya zama kwamandan rundunar Baltic, inda ya zarar ya fara aiki a matsayin midshipman.

A nema domin daraja

Amma mafi fili ta bayyana kanta a fadace-fadace Spiridov Rasha-Turkish yaki, wanda ya fara a 1768 da kuma dade shekaru shida. By wannan lokaci ya aka ciyar da su admiral, Order of St. Alexander Nevsky da aka nada shugaban balaguro na sojojin ruwa, mu sallama wa Greek tarin tsiburai. Daga moorings Kronstadt rundujar soja masu dawaki tashi a watan Yuli 1769, da kuma bayan watanni shida, ta kai Larabawa teku a kudancin Balkans, inda, a daidai da shirin yaƙi, ya shiga tare da jiragen ruwa na biyu balaguro, a karkashin jagorancin Admiral John Elphinstone.

Bayan wani lokaci a kan flagship ya tashi ya isa daga Livorno-a-manyan, Janar Count Alexei Orlov, ya aiko da Empress Catherine II ga umurnin duk sojan ruwa sojojin na Rasha, dake a cikin Bahar Rum. A lokacin da ya dawo ya fara aiki soja, a sakamakon wanda aka kama da birni Arcadia da Mistra, kazalika da sansanin soja, located in Navarino da Itilone. Don} Rasha rundunar Ottoman Empire aka janye a wannan yanki wani babba karfi.

Lashe yakin Chios

A farko da manyan yaƙi da Baturke jiragen ruwa a yaƙin neman zaɓe ya faru Yuni 24, 1770, kuma an mai suna Chios yaƙi. The Eagles shi cikakken iko mika Spiridova, wanda, duk da wani sirri ƙunci, sosai mai daraja kamar yadda wani gogaggen sojan ruwa kwamandan. Kamar yadda shaidun gani da ido, Grigory amfani a cikin wannan sabon yaƙi domin zamanin dabara na sojan ruwa fadace-fadace, aika sahun gaba su jirãge a wata dama kwana zuwa sarkar na maƙiyi jiragen ruwa da kuma fara tare da wani gajeren nesa hari kan cibiyar. Irin wannan hukunci entailed babban alhaki, wanda ba ji tsoro, ka dauki Spiridov.

Gregory A. a lokacin yaƙin ya kan jirgin jirgin cikin natsuwa, "Eustace" kuma ya kan gab da mutuwa a lokacin da bam din ya tashi a lokacin da ka hau fama da Baturke flagship "Real-Mustapha". Duka jiragen sun sunk, kuma kawai godiya ga daidaituwa Admiral tsira da samu a amince a kan jirgin da jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Three Hierarchies". A wannan yaki ne da nasarar da aka a gefe na Rasha jiragen ruwa, kamar yadda sun yi tsayayya da kusan ninki biyu da abokin gaba.

Mafi kyau hour Admiral

Amma har yanzu ya zo ne babban yaƙi, ya lashe zaben da Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich. Chesma yaƙi da ya faru a daren 24 a kan Yuni 25, 1770, ya gaske ya mafi kyau hour. Shugaban Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki na Count Orlov, domin duk ta undeniable isa yabo wani dattaku da kuma soja shugaban, ya ba da kwarewa a cikin hali na sojan ruwa fadace-fadace. Kuma ko da yake daga baya shi ne, shi ya tafi zuwa ga daukaka da nasara a yakin Chesma, real jagoranci a shi aka wakkala a Spiridova.

Godiya ga horar da Baturke jiragen ruwa ya aka kusan kore a cikin Chesma bay da yake a cikin wani sosai disadvantageous matsayi da kansu. Bisa ga admiral cikin shirin, a lokaci guda da Turks zo a karkashin manyan bindigogi wuta da wuta-jiragen sun kai hari - kananan jiragen ɗora Kwatancen da bama-bamai da kuma shiryar da zuwa ga abokan gaba, a wani karo da abin da suka fashe. Su tawagar, gaba peresevshaya a cikin jirgin ruwan, da aka zaba ta hanyar sauran kotuna.

Wannan dabara yarda da Russia kafa wuta to kuma aika zuwa kasa na babban ɓangare na Baturke rundunar motoci, bayan da Daular Ottoman na dogon lokaci rasa ta teku iko. Statistics, kuma m asarar rabo jawo wa kansu a wannan yaki maƙiya jam'iyyun. An sani cewa goma sha matuƙan mutu tsakanin Russia, yayin da yawan matattu da kuma ji rauni Turks zambar goma sha dubu mutane. Kawai sa - 1 a 1000.

sata daukaka

Wannan shi ne ba na biyunsa sakamakon a cikin tarihi na ba kawai marine amma kuma kasa fadace-fadace. A wannan rana, tare da dukan Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki nasara ta kwamandan - Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich. Photo zane-zane ta hanyar Aivazovsky, rubuta a 1848 da kuma siffanta wani scene na almara yaƙi, ya gabatar a karshen wannan labarin.

A girmamawa ga mai daraja nasara, ko, kamar yadda suka ce, "Victoria", Catherine II umurce su da su kafa wani coci (ta photo kuma za a iya gani a cikin labarin) da kuma wani commemorative shafi. Sam Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, wanda amfanoni da suke undeniable, samu kawai Order of St. Andrew. Zaki ya share na girmamawa da daukaka ya tafi kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da aka fi so daga Catherine - Count Orlov.

Service a kan Aegean Sea

A shekaru uku ya ciyar a yankin na Admiral na Greek tarin tsiburai, da samar da wani tushe na Rasha jiragen ruwa a tsibirin Paros kuma daga can iko a mahimmin juzu'in sadarwa a cikin Aegean Sea. Suna kusan gama katange da isar da makamai da kuma abinci da kayayyaki daga kasar Girka a Konstantinoful, kazalika da kawancen na Dardanelles aiwatar. A 1772 Spiridov hulda da ƙasa sojojin, sanya da dama nasara ayyukan soji da jihar bakin teku Turkish birãnensu, kai a cikin yakin neman zabensa a Misira da kuma Siriya.

manta heroes

A 1773, ya girmama Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, a takaice biography wanda shi ne tushen wannan labarin, ya aika zuwa St. Petersburg a ya yi murabus. Shi ne kawai sittin, amma a cikin rahoton da ya koma ga tabarbarewar kiwon lafiya. Ainihin dalilin rashin so su ci gaba da sabis Malaman tarihi yi imani da laifi ga nasara a yakin Chesma aka dangana ba to shi amma aka fi so daga Catherine II - Count Orlov, rundunar a lokacin yaki da kawai m hallara, amma ya shigo cikin tarihi na Rasha kamar yadda ta babban harafin.

Rayuwa balance Admiral ciyar a ƙasarsa kauyen Highland Pereslavl gundumar, inda ya rasu a Afrilu 19, 1790. Mutuwarsa tafi kada a gane Rasha, ya dade da shiga sabuwar sarautar da kuma amfani da wasu matsaloli. A karshe tafiya na girmama sojan ruwa kwamandan gan kashe wani yadi mutane da kuma wani mutum - wani aboki ya, guda kamar yadda shi, da manta gwarzo na Battle of Chesma - Admiral Stepan Petrovich Hmetevsky.