Yakov Dzhugashvili: biography, photos. A wadda sansanin da aka gudanar Yakov Dzhugashvili? Kamar yadda Yakov Dzhugashvili mutu I. (Stalin ta dan)?

Zai yiwu, a cikin tarihin kasar mu akwai da yawa mai girma sananne mutane cewa zai iya zama da wahala a gane intricacies kewaye da camfin da Legends. A cikakken misali na baya-bayan nan da - Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa shi mutum ne na musamman m da mugunyar. Ko da ɗansa, Yakov Dzhugashvili mutu a wani Jamus taro sansanin. Uba, bisa ga yawa masana tarihi, yi kome ba ya cece shi. Shin da gaske?

Overview

Fiye da 70 da suka wuce, Afrilu 14, 1943, ya rasu a cikin taro sansanin Stalin ta babban dan. An sani cewa jim kadan kafin ya ƙi kasuwanci dansa to Field Marshal Paulus. Known jumlar Iosifa Vissarionovicha, sa'an nan bugi dukan duniya: "Wani soja a kan generals ba su canja!" Amma bayan da yaki, kasashen waje kafofin watsa labarai a cika replicated jita-jita cewa Stalin duk da haka tsĩrar da dansa da kuma aika shi zuwa Amurka. Daga Yammacin malamai da m sassaucin ra'ayi, kuma ya aikata ƙara jita-jita, da cewa akwai wasu "diplomasiyya manufa" Yakov Dzhugashvili.

Ostensibly ya aka kama ba kawai haka, kuma su tsai da lambobi tare da Jamusanci kwamandan a shugaba. A irin "Soviet Hess." Duk da haka, wannan version ba tãshi zuwa ga bincika: a wannan yanayin shi ya fi sauƙi ga jefa Yakubu ne kai tsaye bayan da Jamus Lines, kuma ba tafiyar da m magudi da ya bauta. Bugu da kari, wasu kwangiloli da Jamus a 1941? Suna tunku? Ãwa garzaya zuwa Moscow da kuma kowa da kowa zaton cewa Tarayyar Soviet zai fada kafin hunturu. Me ya sa suka gudanar da wani tattaunawar? Saboda haka da cewa gaskiyar wadannan jita-jita, shi ne kusa da sifili.

Yakov aka kama?

Yakov Dzhugashvili, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance 34 years old, aka kama da Jamusawa a farkon yakin, 16 Yuli 1941. Wannan ya faru a lokacin rikice da suka yi sarauta a lokacin ritaya daga Vitebsk. Duk da yake Yakubu yana kawai kawai da lokacin da za a kammala cikin harbi Academy m leftana, wanda ya karbi daga ubansa da kawai rabuwar kalmomi: "Ku tafi, voyuy". Ya yi aiki a cikin 14th Tank rajimanti, ya umarci wani manyan bindigogi baturi na anti-tanki bindigogi. Ya, kamar daruruwan sauran sojoji, da aka rasa, bayan rasa yaƙi. Duk da yake shi ranked a matsayin bata.

Amma bayan 'yan kwanaki, da fascists sun gabatar da wani musamman m mamaki, warwatse leaflets kan Soviet ƙasa, inda yake nuna Yakov Dzhugashvili a zaman talala. A propagandists na Jamus sun lafiya, "Ɗan Stalin, kamar dubban your sojoji, mika wuya ga sojojin na Wehrmacht. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa suka ji lafiya, suka ciyar da kuma ciyar da. " Shi ne mai blatant allusion zuwa taro sallama na "Soviet sojoji, wanda za ku mutu, har ma idan dan ka m shugabanni sun sallamã kaina ...?"

Unknown shafukan na tarihi

Bayan da ya ga m qasidarki, Stalin ya ce: "Ba ni da ɗa." Shin, me ya yi nufi da wannan? Watakila ya yi nufin misinformation? Ko ya zaɓi kada su yi wani abu da ya yi da wani m? Har yanzu wannan ba a sani. Amma muna da shigad da tambaya takardun Yakubu. Sabanin "ra'ayoyin masana" da cin amana da Stalin ta dan, akwai kome compromising: Junior Dzhugashvili yi girman lokacin interrogations gangbusters, bã su bayyana wani soja ta asĩri.

A general, a wancan lokaci, Yakov Dzhugashvili, kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa iya sani ba wani tsanani asirin, tun kome kamar ubansa bai gaya ... Abin da zai iya ce talakawa leftana game da tsare-tsaren na duniya motsi na mu dakarun? An sani, a cikin abin da taro sansanin dauke Yakov Dzhugashvili. Na farko, shi kuma da dama muhimmanci da fursunoni da aka gudanar a Hammelburg, sa'an nan Lübeck, sa'an nan canjawa wuri zuwa Sachsenhausen. kariya daga wannan "tsuntsu" da za ka iya tunanin yadda tsanani da aka tsĩrar. Hitler yi nufin yi wasa da wannan "trump katin" a yanayin da fursuna da Tarayyar Soviet buga wani da shi musamman m generals.

Irin wannan hali da aka gabatar da su a cikin hunturu 1942-43. Bayan girma shan kashi a Stalingrad, a lokacin da hannun Soviet High umurnin da aka ba kawai Paulus, amma kuma wasu manyan jami'an na Wehrmacht, Hitler ya yanke shawarar ciniki. Yanzu an yi imani da cewa da ya yi kokarin roko ga Stalin ta Red Cross ofishin. Lalle ne, ƙi mamaki. Duk abin da ya, Dzhugashvili Yakov Iosifovich zauna a cikin bauta.

Allillueva Svetlana, Stalin 'yar, daga baya ya tuna da wannan lokaci a cikin memoirs. A ta littafi yana da wadannan Lines: "The mahaifin zo gida da dare, kuma ya bayyana cewa da Jamus miƙa musanya Yasha zuwa wani nasu. Ya sa'an nan ya yi fushi: "Ina ba za su ciniki! War - ko da yaushe wani abu da wuya. " Just kamar wata biyu bayan wannan hira, Dzhugashvili Yakov Iosifovich mutu. An yi imani da cewa Stalin iya ba jure farinsa ɗa, dauke da shi a rare gazawar da kuma neurotic. Amma shi ne da gaske?

Taqaitaccen Tarihin James

Dole ne in ce cewa akwai wasu gaskata ga wannan ra'ayi. Saboda haka, Stalin, kuma a gaskiya kusan ba shiga a cikin tarbiyyar farinsa ɗa. Ya aka haife kuma a cikin 1907, kamar watanni shida da haihuwa aka bar wani maraya. A farko matar Stalin, Kato Svanidze, ya mutu a lokacin da wani typhus annoba ta taso, kuma domin Yakubu ya tsunduma a ilimi na kakarsa.

Uba a gida ne da ba a gani, motayas fadin kasar, dauke da fitar jam'iyyar umarni. A Moscow Yasha koma kawai a 1921, tare da Stalin a lokacin da aka riga wani shahararren mutum a cikin rayuwar siyasa na kasar. A wannan lokacin ya riga ya'ya biyu da matarsa ta biyu: Basil da Svetlana. Yakov, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance kawai 14 years old, wanda ya girma har a wani m dutse kauye, da mummunar magana a Rasha. Ba mamaki, abu ne mai matukar wuya su koyi. Yi la'akari da matsayin da Sahaban, mahaifinsa ya kullum m da sakamakon nazarin da ɗansa.

Matsalolin cikin sirri rai

Personal rayuwa Yakubu kamar yadda ya bai so. A cikin shekaru goma sha takwas, ya so ya auri yarinya daga shekara goma sha shida da haihuwa, amma mahaifinsa ya hana shi yin haka. Yakov ya yanke ƙauna, kokarin kashe kansa, amma ya kasance m - da harsashi tafi dama ta hanyar da shi. Stalin ce cewa ya kasance "a bully da wani blackmailer," sa'an nan cikakken cire shi daga kansa: "Live inda kake so, wanda kana so ka zauna tare da!" By lokacin Yakubu dole wani al'amari tare da wani dalibi Olgoy Golyshevoy. Wannan uba na tarihi dauki ko da mafi tsanani, tun zuriya ya zama shugaban Kirista, amma da yaron da aka ba shigar da aure da yarinya ƙiya.

A 1936, Yakov Dzhugashvili, wanda hoto ne a cikin takarda, ãyõyi da dancer Yuliey Meltser. A wannan lokaci ta riga aure, da kuma mijinta ya da wani jami'in a cikin NKVD. Duk da haka, saboda wasu dalilai, Yakubu bai damu. Lokacin da Stalin zo jikanyar Gal, ya ke kadan thawed kuma kasaftawa newlyweds raba Apartment a kan Granovsky Street. A kara rabo daga Julia har yanzu da wuya, a lokacin da shi ya bayyana cewa Yakubu Dzhugashvili a zaman talala, ta kama a kan zargin da alaka da Jamusanci m sabis. Stalin ya rubuta wa 'yarsa Svetlana cewa: "A fili, wannan mace ne m. Dole mu rike shi har sai da muka cikakken fuskanci shi. Yashin bari 'yata ne har yanzu suke zaune tare da ku .... " A aikace-aikace dade kasa da shekaru biyu, a karshen Julia tukuna saki.

An Stalin ƙaunar da farko dan?

Marshal Georgy Zhukov bayan da yaki a cikin memoirs, ya ce cewa a gaskiya Stalin warai gogaggen fursuna Yakov Dzhugashvili. Ya yi magana game da na yau da kullum tattaunawar, wanda ya faru daga shugaba.

"Comrade Stalin, ina son in sani game da Yakubu. Shin ba akwai wani bayani game da rekõdinsa?" Stalin dakatar da shi, sa'an nan ya ce, garibi muffled kuma wanda muryarsa ta duƙushe murya: "Kada ku zo domin ya cece Yakubu daga bauta. Jamus harbe shi sosai. Akwai shaida da cewa da Nazis dauke da shi a cikin kadaici daga sauran fursunoni, da yakin neman zabe don cin amanar kasa. " Zhukov lura da cewa Stalin warai gogaggen kuma sha wahala daga wani rashin iyawa don taimakawa a lokacin da dansa shan wahala. Yakov Dzhugashvili gaske son, amma lokacin shi ne ... Don a tunanin duk da jama'a na kasa a yaki, idan shugabansu a shugaban ya shiga raba tattaunawar da makiya domin a saki ɗansa? Tabbata cewa wannan Goebbels irin wannan yiwuwar, haƙĩƙa, dã ba su rasa!

Kokarin ceto Sinawan daga zaman talala

A halin yanzu, akwai shaida cewa ya akai-akai kokarin kwato daga Jamus talala na Yakubu. Dama a Jamus, mãsu aikãwa da dama ɓarna da gangan kungiyoyin, wanda wannan wani aiki. Ivan Kotnov, wanda yake a daya daga wadannan teams, bayan da yaki ya gaya game da shi. Band na dare ya tashi zuwa Jamus. The aiki da aka shirya mafi kyau manazarta da Tarayyar Soviet, duk da yanayi da kuma sauran fasali na yanki da aka dauka a cikin lissafi, wanda damar da jirgin sama zuwa tashi kada a gane shi a Jamus raya. Kuma shi ne - 1941, a lokacin da Jamus jin tafin Masters na sama!

Su sosai nasarar komai a fili a baya, boye laima da kuma shirye don yin aiki. Tun lokacin da kungiyar tsalle a kan wani babban yanki, har sai alfijir ya zo tare. Hagu da kungiyar kafin sansanin da aka sa'an nan ashirin kilomita. Kuma a sa'an nan ikon zama a Jamus wuce wani sakaye sakon, wanda ya bayyana a kan canja wurin Yakubu a wani taro sansanin: da yunkurin zagon kasa da aka rasa kawai a rana. Kamar yadda ya tuno da tsohon soja, sai nan da nan ya ba da umurni ga komawa. The sama tafiya ya wuya, da kungiyar rasa 'yan mutane.

Sananne Spanish kwaminisanci Dolores Ibarruri kuma ya rubuta a cikin memoirs daga cikin wannan kungiya. Don yin shi sauki su shiga cikin German mahaifarsa, sun fitar da takardu a cikin sunan daya daga cikin jami'an na "Blue Division". Wadannan yunkurin zagon kasa watsi a 1942, don kokarin ceton Yakubu ke riga ya fita daga cikin Sachsenhausen taro sansanin. Wannan lokaci shi ne kan yawa sadder - duk watsi da yunkurin zagon kasa da aka kama da kuma hukuncin kisa. Akwai shaidar kasancewar da dama irin wadannan kungiyoyi, amma babu takamaiman bayani game da su ba. Yana yiwuwa cewa wannan data da aka har yanzu kiyaye a cikin wasu m archives.

A mutuwa daga Stalin ta dan

Tun Yakov Dzhugashvili mutu? Afrilu 14, 1943, ya kawai ya sheƙo na barikin da kuma gudu zuwa shinge na sansanin, kuma ya ce, "Harba ni!" James gudu mike zuwa barbed waya. All harbe shi sau daya a kai ... Wannan Yakov Dzhugashvili mutu. Sachsenhausen taro sansanin, inda ya aka gudanar, shi ne na karshe mafaka. Mutane da yawa "masana" ce cewa ya aka gudanar a can a cikin "sarauta" yanayi da suke "samuwa ga miliyoyin Soviet fursunonin yaki." Wannan shi ne wani blatant ƙarya, wanda aka karyata ta Jamus archives.

Yanayi da ake tsare a wani taro sansanin

Na farko, shi ne, haƙĩƙa, kokarin magana kuma lallashe shi ya yi aiki tare, amma ya kasa. Bugu da ƙari, wata yawan "hens" (decoy "fursunonin") gudanar da kawai gano cewa "Dzhugashvili da gaske ya yi ĩmãni da nasarar da tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma dake damunsa cewa ya ba zai ganin rabo daga kasarsu." A Gestapo ne m fursuna ba haka yarda da cewa shi ya nan da nan canjawa wuri zuwa Tsakiya Kurkuku. Akwai ya ba kawai tambaye, amma kuma azabtarwa. A kayan da bincike yana da bayanai da Yakubu sau biyu kokarin kashe kansa. Kãmamme Captain Uzhinsky, wanda yana zaune a wannan sansani, ya abokai tare da James, bayan da yaki, da dogon hours ciyar rubuta shaida. A soja ne sha'awar Stalin ta dan: yadda ya yi girman, kama abin da yake yi. Ga wani sharhin, an ɗauko daga cikin memoirs.

"Sa'ad da Yakubu da aka kawo wa sansanin, ya duba mai ban tsoro. Kafin yakin, a lõkacin da ya gan shi a kan titi, zan ce, cewa wannan mutumin da ya shigo sha wahala mai tsanani da rashin lafiya. Yana da launin toka sallow kama, sunken kumatunta ban tsoro. Soja ta alkyabbar kawai rataya a kan kafadu. Duk abin da ya tsufa kuma ya lalace. Power shi farin babu daban-daban, cin abinci daga kowa tukunya: gurasa ga mutane shida a rana, wani kadan daga turnip miya da kuma shayi launi tunatar da masu launin ruwan. Holiday su ne kwana a lõkacin da muka perepadalo 'yan dankali a fãtunsu. Yakov sha wahala ƙwarai daga wani rashin taba, sau da yawa canza rabo daga burodi a kan shag. Ba kamar sauran fursunoni, ya kullum bincike, da kuma zaunar da kusa da dama 'yan leƙen asirin. "

The aiki, da aka fassara a cikin Sachsenhausen

A fursuna Yakov Dzhugashvili, wanda biography aka bai wa a shafukan da wannan labarin, ya yi aiki a wani gida bita a kan daidai da sauran fursunoni. Sun sanya taba kambun, kwalaye, toys. Idan sansanin hukumomin ba da umarnin a samfurin daga kashi, suna da wani idi, domin wannan dalili da fursunoni samu to mirgine dan lido, gaba daya kwace nama. Suna dafa shi na dogon lokaci, da yin wani "miya". Af, Yakubu ya bayyana kansa a filin wasa na "artisan" kawai lafiya. Da zarar ya sanya mai girma hauren giwa dara, wanda ya bada hanya zuwa 'yan kilo dankali daga matsara. A wannan rana, da dukan mazaunan bukka a karon farko tun cikin zaman talala suka ci da kyau. Daga baya dara sansanin hukumomin sayi wasu Jamus jami'in. Lalle ne, wannan ya kafa yanzu bautar wani muhimmin wuri a cikin wani zaman kansa tarin.

Amma ko da wannan "makõma" nan da nan ya rufe. Ba tare da samun wani abu daga Yakubu, da Jamus sake jefa shi zuwa cikin Jamhuriyar Kurkuku. Again, azabtarwa, kuma mutane da yawa hours of interrogations kuma duka ... Bayan wannan fursuna Dzhugashvili aika zuwa ga m Sachsenhausen taro sansanin.

Shin ba shi da wuya zuwa gaske la'akari da irin wannan "sarauta" yanayi? Kuma da gaskiya yanayi da ya rasu, Soviet masana tarihi sun gano da yawa daga baya, lokacin da soja sun iya kama so Jamus archives, ya cece su daga hallaka. Kila saboda wannan dalilin sai ƙarshen yaki Akwai jita-jita game da banmamaki ceto Yakubu ... dansa matar Julia da su ya Galina Stalin ya kula da sauran rayuwarsa. Kanta Galina Dzhugashvili, daga baya ya tuna cewa kakansa ƙaunace ta sosai kuma kullum idan aka kwatanta da matattu, ɗan: "Yana kama shi ne kamar!" Saboda haka Yakov Dzhugashvili, Stalin ta dan, ya nuna kansa a gaskiya Bakan'ane, da dan kasarsa, ba cin amanar ta, kuma ba bayan amincewarsa da tare da haɗin gwiwar Jamus, wanda zai ceci ransa.

Masana tarihi za su iya ba kawai fahimtar abu daya. Jamus archives da'awar cewa, a lokacin da ya kama, Yakubu nan da nan ya ce sojojin abokan gaba game da wanda ya ke. An m don haka wawaye, idan ta taba ya faru. Bayan duk, ba ya iya kasa su fahimci abin da kai da daukan hotuna? Idan wani talakawa fursunan yaki har yanzu yana da damar tserewa, ɗan Stalin da ake sa ran duba "a kan matakin qarshe!" Daya iya kawai zaton cewa Yakubu kawai mika wuya. A takaice, da al'amurran da suka shafi a cikin wannan labarin ne har yanzu rasa, shi ke kawai dukan amsoshin da muka samu su ne riga a fili iya ba.