Rasha-Persian yaki na 1826-1828.

A farkon da XIX karni, da Rasha Empire da na Farisa da aka jayayya a gare tasiri a cikin Caucasus da Caspian Sea Coast. Tsakanin wadannan biyu iko zaunar da kasashe irin su Jojiya, Armenia da kuma Dagestan. A 1804 fara farko Rasha-Persian yaki. Yana ƙare bayan shekara tara. Bisa ta sakamakon, saita kawo a cikin Gulistan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da, Rasha shiga wa Jojiyanci kuma partially Armenian asashe.

Da shan kashi na Farisa bai dace. A kasar ta zama mashahuri revanchist sentiments. Shah so a sake samu da rasa lardin. Saboda wannan irreconcilable rikici na bukatun fara Rasha-Persian yaki (1826-1828). Sanadin rikici da tashin hankali a yankin, Mun sanya shi makawa.

A halin da ake ciki diplomasiyya

Shirya domin wani sabon yaki ya fara a Farisa, nan da nan bayan shan kashi a 1813. Da farko Fath-Ali Shah Qajar kokarin goyon bayan kasashen Turai iko. Kafin cewa, ya dogara a kan Napoleon Bonaparte, wanda sanya wani ƙawance da Farisa a kan Hauwa'u na da hari a kan Rasha a 1812. The sharuddan da aka shimfiɗa a cikin kwangila Finkeshteynskom.

Tun daga nan, duk da haka, duniya halin da ake ciki ya canja da cika fuska. A Napoleonic Wars ƙare a shan kashi na Faransa da kuma m Sarkin sarakuna, wanda ya kasance a cikin zaman gudun hijira a St. Helena. Shah bukatar wani sabon ɗan kura. Kafin fara Rasha-Persian yaki na 1826-1828., Hankulan Farisa ya fara bayar da UK.

A wannan mulkin mallaka iko da da bukatunta a yankin Asia. Mulkin mallakar kasar India, da kuma Birtaniya, jakadan sanya ta Iran alkawuran ba to bari wani daga cikin makiyan wannan kasa a London. A daidai wannan lokaci da rikici ya barke tsakanin Farisa da Turkey. Birtaniya sojojin kiyaye zaman lafiya sun taka rawar gani, a tattaunawar da Ottoman Empire a wani yunkurin shawo kan Shah zuwa yaki tare da wani makwabcin - Rasha.

A kan Hauwa'u na yaki

A wannan lokaci, na biyu dan Fath Ali Shah Abbas Mirza aka sanya shugaban Persian sojojin. Ya aka umurce su su shirya sojojin for sabon kalubale da kuma gudanar da duk dole sake fasalin. Army modernization aka goyan bayan da Birtaniya. Sojoji sami sabon makamai da kuma kayan, jera saya a kasashen Turai. Kamar wancan Abbas Mirza kokarin shawo kan fasaha ci baya na su qarqashinsu daga Rasha sassa. Yana kokarin shi ne wani mataki a cikin dama shugabanci, amma ta sake fasalin Iran hedkwatar musamman hanzari, kokarin kada su rasa lokaci. Wannan ya taka m wargi. Lokacin da Rasha-Persian yaki, da suka halarci a karshe rikici, iya lura da wani canji a cikin zangon maqiya. Amma sai suka kasance ba su isa ga cin nasara da rata da aka tsakanin sojojin na Nicholas I da Shah.

A 1825, Iran militarists gladly yarda da labarai cewa Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Alexander na ba zato ba tsammani ya mutu a Taganrog. Ya tashi daga rai ya kai ga short dynastic rikicin da (mafi muhimmanci) da haddin shari'a na Decembrists. Alexander da 'ya'ya, kuma gadon sarautar ya matsa zuwa na gaba ɗan'uwansa, Constantine. Ya ƙi, kuma ƙarshe, ya ci sarauta Nicholas, wanda ya taba shirya don wannan. By horo ya kasance wani soja. Decembrist tawaye suka kai shi a cikin wani fushi. Lokacin da yunkurin juyin mulki kasa, a St. Petersburg, ya fara wani dogon fitina.

Shi ne a cikin kwanaki na sabon mashawarta na Sarkin ya fara bayar da rahoton da monarch cewa kudancin makwabcin ya fito fili ya shirya zuwa ga wani makamai rikici. Kwamandan a Chief na Caucasus shi ne shahararren janar Aleksey Ermolov. Past Rasha-Persian wars ya faru a gaban idonsa, kuma ya, kamar kowa, na sane da hatsarin wani sabon rikici. Yana da wannan janar mafi kusantar kama Nicholas game da al'amurra na Caucasus.

Sarkin sarakuna ce wajen kasãla, amma har yanzu sun amince su aika da shi zuwa birnin Tehran Prince Alexander Menshikov. A nan gaba ministan na Navy bai sami wani yare gama-gari tare da Persian jami'an diplomasiya. Sarkin ya ba da umarnin cajin, bisa ga abin da ya yarda ya ba up ɓangare na jayayya Talysh Khanate a musayar wani m shiri na cikin rikici. Duk da haka a birnin Tehran bai yarda da wadannan shawarwari. Menshikov ko da kama, tare da dukan jakadu, ko da yake tuni saki a 1827.

Persian shiga tsakani

Da gazawar da kafin tattaunawar da ya kai ga cewa Rasha-Persian yaki tukuna fara. Yuli 16, 1826 Iran dakarun tsallaka kan iyaka a yankin na zamani Azerbaijan, inda akwai Talysh da Karabakh khanate. Wannan aiki da aka yi a asirce da aminci, babu Sanarwar ya kasance babu yaki.

A kan iyakar su kasance ba fãce tsaron gida sojojin taru a sauri da kuma kunsha na gida Azerbaijanis. Ba su iya bayar da tsanani juriya ta shirya da Persian sojojin. Wasu mazauna yankin da suka gudanar da aiki Musulunci, ko ya shiga invaders. Bisa ga tsare-tsaren, Abbas Mirza, da Persian sojojin su matsa zuwa arewa maso yamma tare da kwaruruka na da Kura River. Babban manufar da aka dauke babban birnin lardin Tiflis. Fi dacewa, da Rasha, sojoji sun da za a jefa su cikin sauran gefe na Terek.

The yaki a cikin Caucasus yankin ya ko da yaushe yana da 'yan dabara siffofin alaka da takamaiman wuri. Tafi zuwa kunya na ƙasar da aka yiwu ne kawai ta hanyar wasu kafa. Mukaddashin a cikin Caucasus, Farisa aika karin dakaru zuwa arewa, suna begen su toshe duk hanyar zuwa babban Rasha sojojin.

War a Karabakh

Babban kungiyar karkashin kai tsaye jagorancin Abbas Mirza ƙidaya 40,000 sojoji. Wannan sojojin tsallaka kan iyaka kogin Araks kuma gangarawa zuwa ga sansanin soja na Shushi. A kan Hauwa'u na Persian umurnin kokarin goyon bayan gida khans, da suke shugabannin Azerbaijanis da suke zaune a cikin birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da gaske wa'adi da Abbas Mirza goyon baya.

A Shusha a matsayin Armenian jama'ar na Orthodox yawan jama'a, wanda, a da bambanci, ya kasance da aminci ga Rasha hukumomi. The sojojin sansanin soja kunshi wani detachment na Cossacks. Kewaye yanke shawarar kai garkuwa da su cikin Musulmi khans, wanda aka ake zargi da laifin cin amanar kasa da kuma ha] in gwiwar tare da Farisa. Yana fara gaggawa horar da mayakan sa kai, wanda ya kunshi yafi na Armenia. Duk da ƙwazo mataki na Cossacks, Shusha bai yi wani abu kamar manyan samar da abinci da makamai zama dole ga wani cin nasara tsaro a cikin hari ko kewaye.

A wannan lokaci, da Karabakh Khan, ya zama talakansa na Rasha bayan da yaki na 1804-1813., Ta sanar da goyon bayan da Persian invaders. Abbas Mirza, a nasa bangaren, ya yi alkawarin taimaka kan gida Musulmi. Ya kuma sanar da cewa yaki ne kawai tare da Rasha, suna begen shi zai taimake shi su kusantar da mutane zuwa ga gefen.

A kewaye da Shusha

A sabon Rasha-Persian yaki ya fara da kewaye na Shusha sansanin soja. Maharan da kuma kare da aka raba karfafa ganuwar. Don rabu da wannan matsala, Farisa sa mahakar, samu godiya ga Turai agaji. Bugu da kari, Abbas Mirza umurni da dama a karkashin ganuwar 'yan misali summary na Karabakh Armenia, suna begen cewa wannan aiki na tursasawa jayayya Armenian da kuma Rasha, ensconced a wani sansanin soja. Yana bai faru ba.

The Persian sojojin kewaye Shusha bakwai makonni. Wannan jinkiri ƙwarai canza hanya na soja yaƙin neman zaɓe. Iran sun yanke shawarar raba sojojin da kuma aika 18000th detachment zuwa Elisavetpolya (Ganja). Abbas Mirza fatan cewa wannan rawar daji zai ba da damar da shi don zuwa Tiflis daga gabas, da cewa zai zama mai cikakken mamaki da Cossacks.

Shamkhor yaƙi

A-Cif na Rasha sojojin a cikin Caucasus Janar Yermolov a farkon yakin ya kasance a Tbilisi, ya tattara shelves. Da farko Shirin ya sauri tattara zuwa zurfin na yankin tafarkin Farisa tafi daga da kansa ƙasa. Tuni a cikin sabon matsayi Cossacks zai yi wani jinsin amfani a kan Shah sojojin.

Duk da haka, a lokacin da band na 8 dubu sojoji suka taru a Tbilisi, shi ya bayyana cewa invaders aka makale na dogon lokaci a karkashin ganuwar Shushi. Saboda haka, kwatsam, fara Rasha-Persian yaki. 1826 ya a cike lilo, da kuma Yermolov yanke shawarar buge baya kafin sanyi weather. Army jagorancin Manjo Janar Madatova aka aiko zuwa gare Elisavetpolya ta dakatar da abokan gaba da kuma dauke da kewaye na Shusha.

Wannan kungiyar tana fuskantar abokan gaba gaba matsara a kusa da kauyen na Shamkir. Battle ya biyo baya a historiography an kira Shamkhor yaƙi. Ita ce ta rinjayi sakamakon da Rasha-Persian yaki na 1826-1828. Har a wannan lokaci da kasar Iran farmaki, kusan ba tare da gamuwa da wani shirya juriya. Yanzu suna da fuska mai real Rasha sojojin.

By lokacin Madatov bayyana a Azerbaijan, Farisa ya riga ya precipitated Elisavetpol. Don karya, ta hanyar zuwa blockaded birni, da Rasha, sojoji da aka bukata karya da makiya sahun gaba. Satumba 3 a cikin tarzomar yaƙi, Farisa rasa a kashe 2000 mutane, yayin da Madatov rasa 27 da sojoji. Saboda da shan kashi a yakin Shamkhor Abbas Mirza yana dauke da kewaye na Shusha da kuma matsawa a kan shelves kudaden shiga tsaya a Elisavetpolem.

Ga fitar da Farisa daga Rasha

Valerian Madatov umurce 6 dubu mutane. Sun kasance sũ ne a fili bai isa ba su fitar da Farisa daga Yelizavetpol. Saboda haka, bayan da ya lashe a kusa da Shamkhor, da ya yi kadan maneuvering, a lokacin da da ke kawance da sabo reinforcements ya zo daga Tiflis. A taron ya faru a kan Satumba 10. New regiments umarta ta Ivan Paskevich. Ya dauki umurnin dukan rundunar sojojin, masu jerin gwanon, 'yanto Elizavetpol.

A Satumba 13, sojojin Rasha sun kusa da birnin. Akwai ma Farisa. A jam'iyyun fara shirya domin hukunci yaƙi. Yana fara tare da m da dakarun. A harin farko Persian dakaru bogged saukar saboda gaskiyar cewa shelves gudu a cikin wani kwazazzabo, kuma tarko, ya zo karkashin maƙiyi wuta.

A m na sojojin Rasha taka babbar rawa Kherson rajimanti, wanda aka kai tsaye Paskevich. Iran ba zai iya taimaka ba da manyan bindigogi, kuma bã da mahayan kokarin kai farmaki da Jojiyanci mayakan flank. Rasha-Persian yaki, da Sanadin wanda yake da marmarin na Shah don kai farmaki ta maƙwabcinsa, ya nuna sake matsayin gabashin style sojojin m da sojojin Rasha, horar da a Turai iri. Counterattack sassa Paskevich ya kai ga cewa Iran da farko suka tattara zuwa ga asali matsayi, da kuma da yamma, da kuma duk shige su.

Asarar da daban-daban jam'iyyun sake m disproportionate. Janar Paskevich kidaya 46 aka kashe, kuma game da ɗari biyu rauni. Iran, dubu biyu, an kashe mutane. Aƙalla guda yawan soja suka mika wuya. Bugu da kari, da Rasha tafi maƙiyi manyan bindigogi da kuma Banners. A nasara a Elisavetpolem ya kai ga wani sauyi. Yanzu Rasha ya yanke shawarar abin da za su zama Rasha-Persian yaki. A sakamakon yakin da aka sanar a fadin kasar da kuma samu a matsayin kyauta ga sabon sarki, wanda ya fito fili ya tabbatar da cancantarsa a matsayin shugaban.

Gangamin 1827

Paskevich nasara kimanta. Ya aka nada kwamandan sarki da masu mulkin Caucasus. By Oktoba, Iran da sojojin da aka kora da baya a kan iyaka kogin Araks. Kuma haka dai aka mayar da matsayi wannan tarihi. Sojoji sun ciyar da hunturu, da kuma a gaban, kafa ta wucin gadi lull. Duk da haka, dukan jam'iyyun gane cewa ba a kan Rasha-Persian yaki (1826-1828). A takaice, Nicholas yanke shawarar ya dauki amfani da nasarar da sojojin da ba kawai ga fitar da invaders, amma a gama da Accession Orthodox Armenia, ɓangare na abin da har yanzu take ta Shah.

Babban manufar Paskevich ita ce birnin Erivan (Yerevan) da kuma Erivan khanate, wani tsohon talakansa na Iran. A soja yaƙin neman zaɓe ya fara a marigayi spring. A lokacin rani na Rasha, sojoji suka mika wuya wani muhimmin Fort Sardar-Abad. Har Agusta babban shugaban sojojin sarki ya ba hadu tsanani juriya. Duk wannan lokaci, Abbas Mirza yana gida, daukana up sabon shelves.

Oshakanskaya yaƙi

A farkon watan Agusta, da Persian magaji na 25-dubu rundunarsa suka shiga cikin Erivan khanate. Sojojinsa sun kai hari a garin Echmiadzin, wanda aka sani kawai kananan Cossack sansanin, kazalika da tsoho Kirista mai garu sufi. A sansanin soja da ya ceto tawagar, karkashin jagorancin Laftanar Janar Athanasios Krasovsky.

17 ga watan Agusta a kananan yawan sojojin Rasha a 3000 wani mutum ya kai hari da wata 30-karfi sojojin Abbas Mirza. Yana daya daga cikin mafi m aukuwa, wanda aka sani shi ne Rasha-Persian yaki. Kwanan Oshakanskoy yaƙi (kamar yadda aka sani a historiography) ya zo daidai da kafa Caucasian numfashi ba zafi, wannan azãbar duk da sojoji.

Dalilin Krasovsky detachment ya karya ta da yaƙi, ya kewaye birnin ta hanyar da m sahu na abokan gaba. Rasha dauki wani m kaya da kuma kayan abinci wajibi ne ga sojojin. The hanyar da za a dage farawa da bayonets, saboda akwai ba a hanya, inda akwai zai zama da na Farisa. Don ci gaba da abokan gaba kai hare-hare, manyan bindigogi hada Krasovsky, wanda daga farko na aiki ya dauka a yana kokarin dace don harsashi tsawo. bindigogi da harbe-harben ba da damar Farisa don kai farmaki da Rasha da dukan ƙarfinsa, wanda aka nuna a cikin sakamakon da yaƙi.

A sakamakon haka, detachment Krasowski gudanar ya karya a Echmiadzin, duk da cewa duk sauran soja na wannan rundunar soja da aka kashe, repulsing da hare-haren na Musulmi. Da gazawar da ya ya na da karfi demoralizing sakamako a kan duk Persian shugabanci. Abbas Mirza wasu lokaci da aka har yanzu kokarin kewaye da birnin, amma nan da nan suka tattara cikin hikima.

Babban sojojin na daular karkashin jagorancin Paskevich a lokacin da aka shirin mamaye Azerbaijan da kuma je Tabriz. Amma a cikin marigayi Agusta, shugaba samu labarai na abubuwan da suka faru a Echmiadzin, saboda wanda ya tafi zuwa wani mataki na Rasha-Persian yaki (1826-1828). Dalilan Paskevich aika wani kananan detachment zuwa yamma, sun sauki - ya yi imani da cewa Abbas Mirza ne a gaba ɗaya daban-daban yankin. Farga kuma cewa babban Iran sojojin tsaye a raya-manyan ƙi tafiya zuwa Tabriz da kuma koma a cikin shugabanci na Erivan khanate.

shan Yerevan

Satumba 7 Paskevich da Krasovsky hadu a Etchmiadzin, da wanda a kan Hauwa'u na kewaye da aka dauke. A majalisa da aka yanke shawarar daukar Armenian Erivan. Idan sojojin sun iya kama birnin, dã ƙare da Rasha-Persian yaki. 1828 ya gabatowa, don haka Paskevich nan da nan ya buga hanya, fatan kammala aiki kafin hunturu.

Rasha-Persian yaki shekaru, wanda ya faru a lokacin da haukan kogi a Rasha jihar, duk da haka, ya nuna cewa, duk da kome da kome, da sarauta sojojin iya warware aiki kalubale a cikin mafi wuya yanayi. Nicholas I, ba tare da dalili to yi imani da cewa wajibi ne a kafa wani protectorate kan dukan Armenia. Asalin mutanen kasar sun kuma Orthodox Kiristoci da kuma ga ƙarni sha wahala daga Muslim mamayar.

A farko yunkurin Armenia kafa lamba tare da St. Petersburg ya faru a farkon zamanin mulkin Peter I. Sai a wannan lokaci da Rasha sojojin 'yanci lardin ta lardin a cikin ta Kudu Caucasus. Paskevich, kasancewa a gabashin Armenia, aka gaishe da babbar sha'awa da yan unguwa. Mafi yawan mutãne sun shiga janar a matsayin mayakan.

Rasha-Persian 1828 ya zama wata dama ga Armenia sake fara zuwa rayuwa a kasar Kirista. Shi ne mai yawa daga gare su, kuma in Erivan. Farga da wannan, da Persian kwamandan sansanin soja aika daga mambobi ne na m Armenian iyalansu, wanda zai iya zuga jama'a da su yi tawaye. Duk da haka, rigakafi ba ya taimaka da Iran. Da aka kama birnin da sojojin Rasha daga 1 ga Oktoba, 1827 bayan wata gajeruwar hadari.

tattaunawar

a hedkwatar a cikin makonni biyu bayan wannan nasara, ya zama sananne cewa wasu sarauta sojojin kama Tabriz. Wannan sojojin umarta ta George Eristov aika Paskevich zuwa kudu maso gabashin bayan kwamandan a manyan hagu ga Erevan. Wannan nasara ne na karshe gaban-line taron, wanda aka sani ga Rasha-Persian yaki (1826-1828). The yarjejeniya ya zama dole da shah. Sojojinsa rasa duk dabarun yaƙi. Har ila yau, yanzu sarauta regiments shagaltar da wani ɓangare na da ƙasa.

Saboda haka, da farko na hunturu, kasashen biyu suka fara musayar jami'an diplomasiya da kuma fahimtar juna. Suka sadu da a Turkmanchay - wani karamin kauye kusa da kama Tabriz. Yarjejeniyarsu hannu a wannan wuri Fabrairu 10, 1828, taƙaice da Rasha-Persian yaki (1826-1828). Domin Rasha duk samu aka gane, cewa sarauta sojojin ya yi a baya rikici. Bugu da kari, da na sarki kambi samu sabon yankin ganĩmõmi. Yana da aka gabashin Armenia tare da babban birnin Yerevan, kuma Nakhchivan Khanate. Iran amince da su biya wani babban indemnity (miliyan 20 azurfa rubles). suka kuma tabbatar da kin tsoma baki a cikin Orthodox Armenia sake ma su matsugunni aiwatar a mahaifarsa.

A karshen rikici

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa memba na sarauta ofishin jakadancin wani jami'in diflomasiyyar kuma marubuci Alexander Griboyedov. Ya dauki bangare a cikin tattaunawa da yanayi a karkashin wanda ya ƙare Rasha-Persian yaki (1826-1828). A takaice, da alkawari bai dace da Iran. Bayan 'yan watanni fara wani sabon Rasha-Turkish yaki, Farisa yunkurin karya da yanayi na duniya.

Domin warware rikici, Tehran aika wani ofishin jakadancin, wanda aka kai Griboyedov. A 1829, tawagar da aka kisan gilla da Musulunci yan ta'adda. Kashe mutane da jami'an diplomasiya. Shah aika zuwa St. Petersburg-arziki da kyauta ga gyãra ga abin kunya. Nicholas bai je adawa, kuma tun sa'an nan da makwabta da wani dogon zaman lafiya.

Griboyedov ta jikin aka binne shi a Tbilisi. Located a cikin sabuwar 'yanci daga kasar Iran Yerevan, ya fara sa a kan mataki da ya fi shahara play "Bone ya tabbata daga wit". Kamar wancan ƙare cewa Rasha-Persian yaki. The yarjejeniya ya yarda don ƙirƙirar da dama da sabon larduna, kuma tun sa'an nan da ta Kudu Caucasus shi ne wani ɓangare na Empire har faduwar daular mulkinsu.