Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich: biography da kuma hoto

Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - wanda ya kafa wani dukan daular na masana kimiyya suka iya ba kaga rayuwata ba tare da ilmin taurari. Ɗansa, jikoki, mai-jikan star sadaukar domin hidima kimiyya. Jamus da kuma Rasha masanin kimiyya, wanda ya kafa ilmin taurari, memba na St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, na farko darektan na Pulkovo Observatory, ya kafa na Rasha Kasa Society - wanda ya ba kawai Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve.

manhaja vitae

The kafa daga cikin shahararrun daular aka haife shi a 1793 a Altona - a kananan Jamus gari. Mahaifinsa shi ne darektan na gida motsa jiki. Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, wanda photo ne a kowane littafi na ilmin taurari, a farko ya mabanbanta ilimi. Da farko sana'a ya philology. Horar gaba masanin kimiyyar da aka gudanar a Tartu University, wanda a yanzu ake kira Tartu. Duk da haka, ya kira Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - wanda ya kafa daular na ilmin Taurari - aka samu a cikin kimiyyar yanayin halitta.

Kamawa karkashin philology mahaifinsa, saurayin ne riga a cikin shekaru goma sha biyar da aka cika tattalin kudin shiga ga mafi girma ilimi. A wancan lokaci, ya wana ya riga ya sanar da a cikin dakin motsa jiki na Dorpat. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, kazalika da daga wata bukata don kauce wa conscription cikin Napoleon ta sojojin, wadda ya fara a cikin soja aukuwa, Struve zaɓi wannan jami'a.

Future falakin sosai aniya karatu philology. Haka kuma, ya rubuta a voluminous rubutun. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich sosai dauke da laccoci na Dr. aku a kan batun "physics". Kuma daga baya, a kan shawarar da karshen, ya nutsa kansa a cikin nazarin ilmin taurari. Farfesa Guth - malamin jami'a - su da cikakken goyon baya da shi a cikin ta farko matakai a cikin gagarumi kimiyya. Tuni a 1813, Struve kare rubutun.

farko matakai

Kusan a lokaci guda, sai ya fara koyarwa a lokaci guda ya aka nada falakin Kiyayewa a wannan jami'a. Duk da tsananin talauci da nakasa daga kayan aiki, Struve har yanzu gudanar da aiki na rayayye. Ya ko da gudanar da su yi wani muhimmanci sosai aiki domin lokaci da cewa ba da ciwon da ya dace kayan aikin saka idanu da declinations na taurari, da ya yi yunkurin yin wannan tare da wani sufuri da makami yin lissafi da dama hawan wasu iyakacin duniya star.

Personal rai

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, wanda biography ne daga wannan lokaci ne rabuwa daga ilmin taurari, aure a 1815. Ya zabi ya na da zama Altona Emilia Vall. Tare da ta ya rayu har 1834. A wannan aure da aka haife goma sha biyu yara, duk da haka, hudu daga cikinsu ta rasu a cikin shimfiɗar jariri.

Tun 1828 Struve dauki gadi na dan dan'uwansa Theodore, wanda waliyyinsa ya yi da farko da ɗan'uwansa Ludwig - wani farfesa a fannin Anatomy, a Jami'ar Dorpat.

Bayan rasuwar Emilia, ya a 1834. aure Johanna Bartels, wanda shi ne ya LISSAFI Bartels. Tare da ta Struve aka haife yara shida, wanda kawai hudu tsira mahaifinsa.

A Tartu Observatory

A 1819 Struve aka nada ta darektan. A lokaci guda, ya zama cikakken farfesa ne, a cikin jami'a. Fiye da shekaru ashirin da kwarewa a matsayin darektan na Dorpat Observatory, Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve ya sanye take da top-daraja da kuma sosai rare ga cewa lokaci, na'urori da kuma kida. Lokacin a karshen 1824 ya iya saya chetyrnadtsatifutovym Fraunhofer refractor da Ushneydera da ciwon Nine Inch ruwan tabarau, mafi kyau da kuma mafi girma a a lokacin, ya ba da kansa wani falaki aiki tare da indescribable babbar sha'awa. Domin shi ya fara wani lokaci na rashin da kuma hayayyafa kimiyya aiki, wanda dade fiye da goma sha uku shekaru. Idan baya Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - da falakin daga Allah - ya content kawai gano da kuma aunawa da aka riga aka sani tun Herschel binary star tsarin, sa'an nan tare da saye kwarai kallo kayayyakin aiki, daga cikin binciken riga ya gano wani haske ya ya iya zuwa da wani m bincike. Ya duba duk taurari da tara girma tsakanin Arewa iyakacin duniya da kuma ashirin da darajõji kudu karkatar. Haka kuma, a cikin binciken na Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, wanda biography da aka gudanar a matsayin masanin kimiyya ya fara daidai da Dorpat Observatory, a lokaci guda iya bude game da dubu uku sabon wurare, mafi yawansu ba su ƙaddara matsayi, ya yi karatu cikin yanayin tashin da musamman Properties.

Da bude daga cikin Pulkovo Observatory

By farkon karni na sha tara, da fadada St. Petersburg kamar yadda na kauye ya kai ga bukatar kafa wani astronomical Observatory, located a waje da birnin. Mun fara da search for dace wuri a cikin kusanci da arewacin babban birnin kasar. Yana da aka ba sauki. Domin da Observatory bukatar wani tudun, amma ga yamma da birnin lullube da Gulf of Finland, kuma a kudu da kuma gabas, a nesa na ashirin kilomita, ya miƙa Shefela. Gina arewacin St. Petersburg bai sa hankali, tun a cikin wannan harka da dukan kudancin sama - An dusted dake kusa da wata babbar mazauna - mafi muhimmanci yankin domin kallo.

A 1830, Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I samu wani rahoton cewa rubuta Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich. A da shi, ya bayyana a cikin daki-daki cikin ayyuka kafa kafin wani sabon da kuma fairly manyan astronomical Observatory, wanda ya kamata ya gina a kusa da St. Petersburg. Ba da da ewa aka yanke shawarar fara gina ashirin kilomita kudu da birnin - a kan Pulkovo Heights. Gine-gine da aikin da aka yanke shawarar amince da sanannun Rasha m Briullov. Darakta da shugaban ƙungiya aiki a kan halittar wani sabon Observatory aka nada Struve, wanda a wancan lokaci ya yi aiki a Tartu University. An fara daga 1833, ya zama mafi aiki takara a cikin tsari. Pulkovo Observatory da aka bude a watan Agusta 1839. Kuma Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich zama ta farko darektan.

Falakin tun daga ranar farko tabbatar da zama mai kyau Oganeza. Tun da kwanciya na farko da dutse a cikin ginin da Observatory, wanda ya faru a kan Yuni 3, 1835, kafin ta bude a 1839, Struve kansa dubawa kusan dukan aikin gine-gine.

Akwai aka kafa mafi kyau da kuma mafi girma a a lokacin pyatnadtsatidyuymovy refractor kawo nesa kusa. A richness da kuma ingancin da Pulkovo Observatory na shigar kayan aiki kusan nan da nan bayan ta bude yake a farko wuri a duniya. Kuma bisa ga m fitarwa daga cikin shahararrun American masanin kimiyya Newcomb, ta zama da astronomical babban birnin kasar na duniya.

The aiki a Pulkovo Observatory

A farkon shekaru na kasancewarsa shi ne ci gaba da aiki a kan nazarin binary taurari, wanda ya fara a St. George ta, Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich. Binciken da ya faru a cikin lokacin da ya aiki a Pulkovo Observatory, suna daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a cikin jerin karatu a fagen ilmin taurari. Don sanin nesa zuwa taurari - wannan batun sha'awar da kuma damu game da yawa da suka shahara da masana kimiyya na lokaci. Struve, fatan tabbatar da ka'idar parallax muhallinsa, da bude ko da samman fara a hankali aunawa da matsayi na Vega. Ya yi aiki a kan yanayin da wannan tauraruwa mai haske har 1840. Kuma ko da yake a wasu nesa daga gare su, sa'an nan Vega masana kimiyya da aka gyara a kan tushen da mafi daidai ma'aunai, duk da haka, wannan aikin Struve ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko a cikin tarihin ilmin taurari nasara ayyuka da kayyade nesa zuwa wani star. Shi ne a kan wannan hasashe daga baya fiye da daya monumental aikin da aka halicce su. Yana tabbatar da cewa taurari ne sosai m Suns, hasken haskoki daga wanda farfagandar a gudun 300,000 km / s, kai da Earth ga dubun, kuma ko da daruruwan shekaru.

faɗuwar rana

Hayayyafa aiki V. Ya. Struve ci gaba har 1858. Amma a lokacin da rashin lafiya mai tsanani, squinting ya, sa daga mataki, da Observatory dauki kan jagorancin dansa - a talented masanin kimiyya Otto Struve. Vasily Yakovlevich - wanda ya kafa daular na ilmin Taurari - ya mutu a 1864. Yana da ban sha'awa, amma shi ya kasance a cikin wannan shekara, Pulkovo Observatory bikin ta ashirin da biyar ranar tunawa.

samu

A fagen ilmin taurari, V. Ya. Struve ya tabbatar da real maida hankali taurari a tsakiyar sassa na Galaxy. Ya kuma kubutar Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa akwai wani darajar da interstellar sha na haske. Invaluable ga gagarumi ilmin taurari yana da aikinsa mai taken "Nazarin na gagarumi ilmin taurari." Wannan shi ne inda Struve tushen ta zato cewa akwai wani al'amari na sha na haske a interstellar sarari da kuma kara yawan taurari da naúrar girma kamar yadda suka kusanci zuwa Milky Way.

Masana kimiyya karatu binary taurari, iya total kamar yadda biyu taskoki na madara abubuwa da aka buga su, bi da bi, a 1827 da kuma 1852 bi da bi. Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich, waɗanda ayyukansu suna dauke su na asali a cikin wannan filin da ilmin taurari, a karo na farko a duniya ya iya auna da nisa zuwa Vega a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Lyra. Wannan star - da uku haske a cikin dare sama bayan Shi'ira da Arcturus, wanda za a iya lura a Rasha da kuma kusa da kasashen waje. Kuma a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Ophiuchus Struve gano planetary nebula. A karkashin shugabanci na Vasily Yakovlevich da surveyor K. Tenner shi aka yi digiri awo da Meridian baka daga tekun na Arctic Ocean zuwa bakin Danube River. m m kayan da aka samu more daidai sanin ko siffar da kuma size na duniya.

mabiya

Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich, wanda daular ba kawai ilmin Taurari, amma kuma daga jama'a da kuma siyasa Figures, shi ne wanda ya kafa wani dukan masana'antu gagarumi kimiyya. Aikinsa aka ci gaba da dansa Otto, biyu jikoki - da kuma Hermann Ludwig, kazalika da mai-jikan - wani astrophysicist. A tsohon Struve akwai kuma wani sanannun sunadarai, jami'in diflomasiyyar, orientalist kuma Academician na Academy of Sciences na Tarayyar Soviet.

memory

Name wani shahararren masanin kimiyya ba ya zama manta. A 1913 a kananan duniya a yawan 768, ya gano da Rasha falakin Neuimin, Struveanoy mai suna girmama na iyali daular na ilmin Taurari Struve.

A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mai girma masanin kimiyya a shekarar 1954 da kuma ya sake wani kudin sufurin hatimi. Yana da aka keɓe wa Pulkovo Observatory. Yana nuna wani hoto na V. Ya. Struve da biyu shahara Rasha ilmin Taurari. A cikin centenary da mutuwar Vasily Yakovlevich, a shekarar 1964, an saki daya more hatimi na Tarayyar Soviet. Ya hoto ne ma ba a analogues kwazo baka, mai suna bayan da babban falakin. Wadannan kan sarki da aka bayar da Lithuania (2009), Latvia da Estonia, da Sweden (2011). Bugu da kari, a shekarar 1964 ta kasa da kasa astronomical Union bakin dutse dake a bayyane gefe na Moon, ya mai suna V. Ya. Struve.

taskoki

Struve, na gaskiya, dauke da kafa dukan reshe na ilmin taurari, a 1827 a sakamakon duba fiye da ɗari da ashirin dubu wani sarari suKe abubuwa da aka buga a kasida, wanda hada da fiye da dubu uku daga biyu da mahara taurari. Mafi yawan su - a 2343 duniya - da aka gano da masana kimiyya. A 1837th aka wallafa fi shahara aiki. A "micrometric ma'aunai na biyu taurari" an bã mu da sakamakon fiye da goma sha dubu lissafin sanya Vasiliem Struve shekara goma sha biyu da taimakon da Dorpat refractor. Duka kasida, da aka buga da masana kimiyya, da aka bayar da mindar na Royal astronomical Society of London.

A 1852 an buga shi a aikin taken "tsakiyar matsayi", wanda su ne sakamakon dogon lokacin da lura na kusan dubu uku taurari. The ayyuka, wanda aka kwashe Struve da mataimakansa a Tartu Observatory for kusan shekaru ashirin da daga baya fiye da sau daya a yi amfani da gagarumi ilmin taurari.

nasarori

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, a takaice dai biography wanda ya nuna ta babbar rawar a ilmin taurari, kuma ya yi babban taimako ga ci gaban kimiyya kamar geodesy. A lokacin daga 1822 zuwa 1827 a karkashin shugabancinsa, da ji na Meridian baka tsawon aka kwashe Hogland Island, dake a cikin Gulf of Finland, zuwa ga birnin Yakobshtadta. A 1828 shi sopryagli da analogue, lasafta a kan kudu maso yammacin kasar. Sa'an nan kuma, wadannan ma'aunai suna ci gaba daga arewa zuwa kudu. A sakamakon haka, dukan tsawon na baka auna aka gyara zuwa wani darajar 25 ° 20 '. Yana da aka kira da Rasha-Scandinavian. Duk da haka, masana san ta fi matsayin Struve Geodetic Arc.

suna

Vasily Yakovlevich an girmamawa memba na kusan duk jami'o'i a kasar, kazalika da yawa waje kimiyya al'ummu da kwalejojin kimiyya. A cikin tsakiyar karni na sha tara Struve halarci halittar Lisbon Observatory. Yana a halin yanzu mallakar da City University, amma kallo akwai yanzu ba a gudanar. Yana an halitta a matsayin wani Observatory cikin siffar Rasha - Pulkovo - wanda aka dauke a lokacin wani astronomical babban birnin kasar na duniya. Babban mai ba da shawara a cikin kayan aiki selection batun ya shahararren Rasha falakin Struve.