A Ottoman daular

Ottoman (Ottoman) Empire, wanda tarihi ya fara da 14th karni (tun karkatar Rum), da aka kafa a Anatoliya Turks kabilu. Jihar dade har 1922 mafi yawan shekaru - tun da samuwar da Baturke Jamhuriyar. Mai suna Ottoman Empire bayan na farko da Sultan - kafa na Osman daular.

A farkon sarautar da sultan mika gādonsa, annexing ƙasa daga Marmara da kuma Black Sea, babban ɓangare na ƙasar yamma da Sakarya River.

Bayan rasuwar Uthman aka yi nasara da Orhan. Bursa (tsohon Byzantine birni) - A zamanin mulkinsa, babban birnin jihar da aka amince.

Bayan Orhan ya zama mai mulkin farinsa dan Murad 1. Wannan babban dattaku ya iya karfafa gaban da dakarunta a jihar na Turai. Murad 1 a 1389 ya ci Serbian yarima a Kosovo Polje. A sakamakon wannan yaki da Ottoman Empire ya samu mafi yawan kudancin yankin na Danube.

A tsarin gwamnati a kasar da aka dogara ne a kan mai hade da Byzantine, Seljuk da kuma al'adar Larabawa da kuma al'adu. A ƙasar da aka cinye ta da yaki da Ottoman, sun yi kokarin tsare har zuwa yiwu da na gida hadisai, ba don ya hallakar da tarihi dangantaka.

Habaka cikin ƙasa na Ottoman Empire a zamanin ɗansa, Murad 1, Bayezid 1. The mafi muhimmanci nasara da aka yakin Nicopolis a 1396 (a kan Danube). Duk da haka, duk da m wadata, da Ottoman Empire sha wahala quite tsanani, duka waje da ciki. Yafi mannered hali na mulki, ya babbar harem, lafiya bikin a fadar kirawo yawa Ghazi hangula. Bugu da kari, damuwa ya kuma yin yawo Bayazid da Musulmi da sauran Gazi a Asiya Ƙananan. A sakamakon haka, mafi yawan gida Beys koma Tamerlane da tabbacin tashi da Ottoman m yaki.

A sakamakon yakin, a 1402, Bayezid sojojin da aka ci kuma kama da mulkin kansa. A Ottoman Empire ya fragmented saboda da m kamfen na Tamerlane. Duk da haka, domin sultans shi aka kiyaye shi iko a kan wasu yankunan kasar.

A lokacin da 15th karni a cikin Ottoman jihar da aka za'ayi da siyasa na ciki reorganization da waje fadada da kuma karfafa kan iyakoki.

The "zinariya" ga daular zama 16th karni. A wannan lokacin, mulki Sulaiman 1, dora muhimmanci kan karfafa sojan ruwa ikon jihar. A tsakiyar karni na 16th ne heyday na gine-gine da kuma wallafe-wallafe.

A Ottoman Empire a lokacin da aka mamaye da mulkin gargajiya, dangantakar da soja kungiyar da kuma Gudanarwa tsarin da aka tsari dokokin.

Ya kamata a lura cewa bayan wannan lokaci (bayan mulkin Suleyman 1) mafi sultans sun isasshe rauni shugabanni. A farkon 17th karni, jihar ya sauya gwamnati. Tun da farko a cikin daular wanzu quite m al'ada - shigar da kursiyin Sultan kashe dukan 'yan'uwansa. Tun 1603 da shugabanni na da 'yan'uwa da kuma iyalansu crammed musamman, mai nisa na fada, inda ya dukufa a kan rayuwa, da gwamnan mutuwa. Lokacin da sultan mutu, wuri zo da Babbansu da fursunoni. A sakamakon haka, da sultans aka ba kusan duk sarauta a 17-18 ƙarni, ilimi ci gaba da kuma, ba shakka, yana da wani siyasa kwarewa. Saboda da cewa shi ne ba su cancanta ba na m, wata babbar kasar fara rasa ta hadin kai, da kuma gwamnatin da kanta ta fara rauni, cikin hanzari.

A sakamakon Ottoman a cikin 18th karni, shi ya rasa da yawa na da iko a Rum. Gamawa na shekaru bakwai 'War tsokani mafi hare-hare a kan jihar. Saboda haka, daular samu, amma wani tsohon abokin gaba da Austria, wani sabon abokin - Rasha.