Hikimar tantance falsafa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yammacin al'adu na karni na 20th

Nazari falsafa da aka samo asali a cikin farkon karni na 20th a kasashen turai wani sabon falsafa shugabanci, wanda yana nuna rigor a cikin yin amfani da wasu sharuddan, ya mayar da hankali a kan aiwatar da muhawara, shakka daga tabbas tattaunawa. Musamman tartsatsi da irin wannan tunani ya sami a cikin kasashe irin su Ingila da Australia, USA. hikimar tantance Trend in falsafa ya bayyana kwanan nan a Rasha adabi, amma a cikin shekaru 80 na karni na ashirin.

Wadanda suka kafa na falsafa Trend aka dauke su George Moore da Bertrand Russell, ta akida inspirer - marubucin daga cikin shahararrun "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" Lyudviga Vitgenshteyna.

The uku main siffofin hikimar tantance falsafa ne:

• Rabe-raben harsuna reductionism ne ya kawo duk data kasance matsaloli a falsafar harshen matsaloli.
• methodological nuna bambanci, wanda ke nufin adawa da duk data kasance hikimar tantance Hanyar zuwa karni na 20th igiyoyin na falsafa da tunani.
• na ginin jumla lafazi, wato, sun mayar da hankali da hankali kan matsalar da dabi'u.

Hikimar tantance falsafa na karni na 20th - shi ne da farko a falsafar harshen. Rashin fahimta saboda harshen imperfections, shubuha ta maganganu da phrases, bisa ga manazarta - mabiya wani sabon falsafa Outlook ne Babban dalilin fitowan kuma ci gaban da "haihuwa" falsafa. A cewar Wittgenstein, babban aiki na falsafa ne don gina irin wannan manufa cikin sharuddan fahimtar harshen, wanda zai taimaka wajen warware data kasance ƙarni falsafa muhawara game da hankali da kuma kasancewarsa, xa'a da free nufin. Shi ne domin nazari falsafa a mataki na kafuwar ta kasance ga formalization na harshe da kuma kyautata ta ma'ana alamomin. A warware wannan matsala da hannu cikin mabiya Wittgenstein, Rudolf Carnap, Otto Neurath, Moritz Schlick. Ya kamata a lura cewa da ra'ayin kawo harshen to ta kammala sosai da sauri ƙãre, kuma falsafa, an gane cewa, kasancewar mai cikakken harshe ko da yake ya halatta, amma ba ko da yaushe m. Alal misali, a tsananin ilmin lissafi harshe ne unacceptable a rayuwar yau da kullum, har ma fiye da haka a lokacin da rubutu ba kimiyya adabi, musamman shayari.

Thirties na karni na 20th dauke da muhimmanci lokaci falsafa hikimar tantance kimiyya. Sai a wannan lokaci Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn koma daga kai sanya gudun hijira (a kan 6 shekaru ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sauki yankunan karkara malamai a cikin yankunan da Alps) a Cambridge. Ga kusa da sauri shi kafa wani da'irar matasa mabiya ka'idar da hikimar tantance tunani. New ideas aka aiwatuwa a wani littafi da ake kira "da ilimin falsafa Bincike". Wannan aiki shi ne karshe aiki na Falsafa ta rayuwa, ya yi aiki a kan shi har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1951.

Kara raya hikimar tantance falsafa yana cikin ayyukan Gilbert Ryle, author of "falsafa salon mahawara", "Category" kuma da yawa wasu. Babban matsalar da marubucin kiwata a cikin littattafan, shi ne mai sauki tambaya: "Abin da ke sa a falsafa tambaya ne falsafa?" Amsar ta'allaka ne da cewa babban manufar falsafa a matsayin kimiyya da aka "unraveling" categorical kuskure da kuma irin hankali nodes. Tasowa daga wannan rashin fahimta za a iya warware ta allocating daban-daban ma'ana Categories Concepts da kuma sharuddan.

Nazari falsafa da kuma ta ideas da wani alama da tasiri a kan ci gaban falsafa a matsayin dukan a kasashe da dama a duniya. A tsawon lokaci, wannan yanki na falsafa ya zama m al'adu Trend, ainihin matsayin da yake har yanzu karfi da yawa a cikin Turanci kasashen.