A tarihin birnin na Ivanovo: da shekara na tushe, jan hankali masana'antu

Future Ivanovo bayyana a matsayin karamin baƙauye gari kusa da Orthodox sufi a XVII karni. A hankali, ƙauyen ya girma godiya ga ci gaban da gida yadi masana'antu. Tun da XIX karni, shi ne wata babbar masana'antu cibiyar da wani muhimmin cibiyar tattalin arziki na kasar.

A farko ambaci

Ivanovo-rubuce tarihi na birnin ya fara a 1609, lokacin da mazauna aka farko da aka ambata a cikin tarihin da aka rubuta a cikin Triniti-Sergius Lavra. A cewar wannan majiya, wani karamin gari kafa gudun hijira manoman da suka bar patrimonial Convent zauna. Domin kada ya rudar da shi tare da sauran ƙauyuka Ivanovo tare da kama sunayen, shi ne wani lokacin kira Ivanovo-Kohomskim (gaba ya Kohma sansanin soja).

A farko ambaci na kauye suna da alaka da Lokaci na matsaloli, lokacin da Rasha sha wahala daga yakin basasa da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland baki. Harkokin waje invaders sun kai har zuwa ga Ivanovo. Rasha da aka washe a wani m jihar, akwai wani karfi da sojojin, wanda zai ragargaje, kuma ku fitar da invaders. A 1608-1609 gg. kauyen da aka yi amfani da matsayin tunani nufi ga sojojin na Dogayen sanda, da Lithuania da kuma Cossacks magoya bayan na arya Dmitry II. Tuni a cikin XX karni, archaeologists gano a cikin birni kayan na lokacin, sanya a kan West Turai model. A 1609-m (tushe shekara Ivanovo) kauye ya kankanin, da kuma don wani lokaci zauna inconspicuous. Amma kara ci gaban tattalin arziki ya sanya shi wani muhimmin cibiyar na yadi samar.

Boyar patrimony

Ko kafin a fara da matsaloli wurare Kokhma mallakar m Prince Skopin-Shumsky. A XVI karni Pokrovsky sufi da aka kafa a nan. An yi imani da cewa sanannen soja shugaba Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky ciyar da yara a wannan yankin. A tarihin birnin na Ivanovo - wani misali na baƙauye kauye a kan periphery na Rasha jihar. The yan unguwa aka tsunduma a masana'antu da rini yadudduka daga flax, amfani da su yi webs. Noma nan da aka talauci ɓullo da saboda nizkoplodorodnyh gona.

Karkashin Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich ya ƙidaya, bayani game da abin da aka taskace a kafofin. Godiya ga wadannan takardu a yau da kuma taka leda a cikin tarihi na birnin Ivanovo. A farkon rabin na XVII karni, akwai fiye da dari da makarai, cewa shi ne wani babba yawan domin irin wannan wani wuri mai nĩsa.

mazaunin Old Muminai

Babban waterway ne navigable kogin Ivanovo Uvod. Godiya mata, da mazauna kauyen sun iya kafa karfi harkokin tattalin arziki da makwabta yankuna. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da ƙasa a cikin wannan yankin da aka ba a yarda ya girma alkama, amma shi ne mai girma yanayi da tattara a manyan girbi na flax.

A 1638, bayan da tseren Skopin-Shuisky mutu saukar, ƙauyen ya wuce zuwa sarakuna Cherkassky. Ko bayan shekaru 30 da yawan jama'a na Ivanovo ya riga mutane 800, ciki har da ba da gwamnati da kuma limaman. Ya ci gaba da bayyana sabon haikali. Wannan adadin su shi ne babban nuna alama na yaduwa da kuma enrichment na wani Rasha kauyen a lokacin. Lokacin da kasar akwai sãɓãni kawai sabõda, hade da sauye-sauye na sarki Nikon, wani wuri malale, lokacin da Tsohon Muminai. A sa'an nan tarihi Ivanovo birni da aka hankali hade da motsi popovtsev. Wadannan mutane sun gudu zuwa wajen birnin kasar daga gwamnatin tsakiya, repressed Litattafansu.

A babban birnin kasar na yadi masana'antu

A ci gaba da kai zuwa fitowan da sakar a kauyen Masters buga zane canvases. Tare da wannan hanya, amfani da wani nan gaba tufafi alamu da launi zane. Ivanovo matsayin yadi babban birnin na Rasha ya faru a cikin XVII karni. Local kayan da ake sayar a bikin a daban-daban yankuna na kasar. Wadannan yadudduka ake amfani da su a babban bukatar a tsakanin yawan jama'a.

A hankali samu more kuma mafi zauna a Ivanovo, sa shi ya aukaka kuma mafi. Local sana'a ciniki da Astrakhan kuma ta hanyar shi zuwa gabashin kasashen - .. Farisa, da Caucasus, da dai sauransu Wadannan tattalin arziki dangantaka rinjayi art kanta taps. Ivanovo kayayyakin fara gudanar da bugu na gabashin al'adu.

A farkon da XVIII karni, Tsar Bitrus I gudanar da wani reorganization na yadi masana'antu. Lokacin da ta samu kauyen Ivanovo nasu kwastan gidan. Its ma'aikata tattara cinikayya haraji, wanda ya tafi zuwa ga taskar. Duk da haka, akwai Hakama wani sabon kalaman na ma'aikata, ya fara bayyana sabon jama'a wurare, kamar tu} awa. Kamar dukan sauran Rasha ƙauyuka na lokaci, ƙauyen sha wahala daga m gobara. Alal misali, a 1723 a wuta kuwa ta cinye fiye da 200 yadudduka, barin da yawa mazauna ba tare da gidajensu da kuma tsari.

juyin juya halin masana'antu

Oddly isa, da tattalin arziki da muhimmancin Ivanovo ya karu saboda da War of 1812. Lokacin da Napoleon ta sojojin mamaye Moscow da kuma sanya shi wata babbar wuta ƙone a wuta, ciki har da Moscow da kuma sakar sha'anin. Bayan haka, Ivanovo industrialists na dogon lokaci bai hadu da gasar a cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje kasuwanni. Su amincewa dauki tattalin arziki maharibai, wanda sa'an nan ba wanda ya ba.

Idan a 1810 da sayar da yadudduka Ivanovo kawo 1 da miliyan rubles, ko 7 shekaru daga baya wannan adadi ya karu da 7 sau. Akwai gida fabrikantskie daular - .. Kuvaeva, Polushina, Garelina da dai sauransu su zuba jari ba kawai a cikin ta kansa samar, amma kuma a cikin birane kayayyakin more rayuwa. Local masana'antu fara zo ba kawai daga makwabciyar birane da kuma Moscow, amma kuma daga kasashen waje.

Albeit belatedly, amma a Ivanovo a cikin XIX karni ta fara juyin juya halin masana'antu. Kasuwanci masu motsi daga manual aiki to masana'antu, kuma ya bude mota samar. New Enterprises damar ƙara gudun samar da riba daga ciniki. Mun fara bayyana sabon masana'antu da aka ba kai tsaye alaka Textiles, amma yana da wani Tallafa rawa. A da sinadaran, metalworking, inji da kuma auduga niƙa. Ko kafin na kauda tashe serfdom Ivanovo yawa manoman saboda yadi tattalin arzikin fanshe a nufin har ma da zama 'yan kasuwa. Don aiki a sabon wurin da aka shirya matalauci da matalauci daga kasashen garuruwa. Wadannan mutane sun zauna a Posada, wanda lambar na karuwa ne sosai a hannunsu.

A matsayi na gari

A 1872, Tsar Alexander II hannu da umarni a kan kafa na birnin Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Tare da wannan harka, shi formalizes a fait accompli. A kauyen ya girma na dogon lokaci, da kuma ta tattalin arziki da aka ma mai girma ga kananan inconspicuous gari a cikin Vladimir lardin. A gwagwarmayar da kafa birnin da aka za'ayi da hukumomin gari domin da yawa shekarun da suka gabata.

Back a 1853 da dama ƙauyuka da ya bayyana a kusa da kauyen, su a haɗe a cikin Voznesensky Posad. Its yawan da aka 3.5 dubu sana'a da kuma ma'aikata. A kauyen mazauna sun sau biyu kamar yadda da yawa, amma shi ya kasance tattalin arziki mafi baya. A tenements zama zauna burgher Duma, da shugaban wanda ya zama m masana'antun.

Shi ne mai zaman kansa himma da industrialists ba sabon impetus ga ci gaban Ivanovo. Rasha a 1860 samu dama m sake fasalin. A tattalin arzikin hau kan zamani jari hujja Lines. A zaman kansa taimaka kudi a asibitin da aka kafa ga ma'aikata, wani fasaha makaranta don su yara, kazalika da jama'a library. Yau wadannan gine-gine - Monuments na Ivanovo.

Saboda American Civil War a Rasha sun kusan daina kawo can da auduga. Wannan da ɗan rage jigo na ci gaban tattalin arziki a Ivanovo. Duk da haka, da yadi, babban birnin kasar Rasha ya fara girma saboda da yarjejeniyoyin da serfdom da outflow na manoma a cikin masana'antu. Wannan yawan girma da kuma karuwa a yawan kamfanonin tilasta gwamnatin tsakiya kula da kauye da kuma bayar da shi birni matsayi.

proletarian tarzoma

A cikin sauri girma Ivanovo-Voznesensk aka isa duk da sabuwar ma'aikata. Saboda da manyan yawan masana'antu da kuma wani wuri na musamman a cikin tattalin arzikin birnin har ya zama sananne a matsayin "Rasha Manchester". Duk da haka, da kara aiki taro ya kai ga wani karuwa a zamantakewa tashin hankali. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a lokacin farkon XX karni juyin duk Ivanovo yankuna girgiza da buga, buga da sauran siffofin proletarian rashin amincewa da hukumomi.

A birni ya zama cibiyar haduwa da magoya bayan m siyasa ideas. A 1892 ya bayyana da farko da'irar Marxists, ko da bayan shekaru 6 akwai wani kwamiti na Rasha Social Democratic-Labour Party. A farko Rasha juyin juya halin a 1905 zuwa Ivanovo alama ta taro buga. Yana dade 72 days. A cewar daban-daban kimomi, a zanga-zangar da suka halarci 30 dubu disgruntled ma'aikata. Bukatunsu sun misali a lokacin - a yarda a kan wani m albashi bakin kofa zuwa shigar da takwas-hour aiki rana, da dai sauransu ...

Masana'antun ki yin asasshe ga masu zanga-zanga. Sa'an nan da masu zanga-zanga da aka gudanar nasu zaben da zabe 151 wakilan. Wadanda halitta Ivanovo-Voznesensky Duk fa'din birni majalisa na ma'aikata 'wakilai,. Da shi shi ne na farko da irin wannan shiri a cikin tarihin kasar. Karkashin Soviet mulki, Ivanovo events na 1905 da aka bai kulawa ta musamman. tunawa hadaddun "Krasnaya Talka" da aka kafa a birnin. Yana hada yawa Monuments na Ivanovo, a cikin tarihin juyin juya halin Musulunci motsi. A 1905, a jam'iyyar aikin da yake wani matashi Bolshevik Mikhail Frunze. Daga baya, zai kasance daya daga cikin mafi daraja soja shugabannin da shugabannin Tarayyar Soviet. Ya aiki ya fara daidai neman sauyi a Ivanovo.

Mun kafa Bolshevik ikon

Bayan da abdication na Nicholas II a Ivanovo dual ikon, wanda ya hankula ga mafi yawan kasar. A gefe daya ya Soviet na Ma'aikata 'wakilai, da kuma a kan sauran - wakilan wucin gwamnatin. Da farko, birnin na da babban tasiri na SRs da Mensheviks. Lokacin da rani da aka gudanar sake zaben zuwa ga gida majalisarku, yawancin kujerun a shi shagaltar da ta Bolsheviks. Domin labarai game da Oktoba juyin juya halin a Petrograd, sun kasance a shirye, kuma nan da nan halitta mai neman sauyi hedkwatar. A yakin basasar da aka kusan ba ya canzawa da wadannan wurare. Ikon da Bolsheviks wuce ba tare da wani zubar da jini, da fari da kuma bai isa birnin.

A 1918, da Ivanovo-Voznesenskaya lardin an halitta. Yana zama cibiyar da yadi masana'antu na Soviet Rasha. A Bolsheviks halitta sabon batu na tarayya, a kan tushen da tattalin arziki 'yancin kai da kuma warewa daga cikin makwabta larduna. A sabon halin nan da nan nuna a kan rayuwa na gari. Yana da aka bisa koyarwa da kuma Polytechnic cibiyoyi na bayar. Fara bayyana sababbin makarantu, asibitoci, gidajen tarihi da kuma dakunan karatu. A 20-ies. bude da kansa samar da ruwa, da kuma bayan shi, a cikin hanyar sufurin jama'a bas.

New yadi factory a birnin janyo hankalin ma'aikata daga kasashen yankunan. Daga cikinsu akwai mata da yawa, ya fi dacewa da seamstresses, da dai sauransu Saboda haka, a cikin Soviet lokaci Ivanovo samu rare sunan - .. "Birnin masu bakin mayafi". } Ananan hukumomi, da sauri samu kawar da duk abin da zai tunatar da sarauta zamanin. Saboda haka, a 1932 da Ivanovo-Voznesensk karshe an sake masa suna Ivanovo. Tsohon wurinSuna haifa da bugu na tsohon Orthodox addini da kuma ya fusata da Bolsheviks.

Soviet yankin cibiyar

A lokacin farko biyar Ivanovo cimma matsayi na "uku proletarian babban birnin kasar" bayan Moscow da kuma Birnin Leningrad. Yana da alaka da manyan yawan masana'antu da kuma kamfanonin bude. A wannan lokacin, da Soviet jagoranci shirin don matsawa da administrative cibiyar na RSFSR a wani gari, yayin da barin Soviet babban birnin kasar a Moscow. Daga cikin "yan takara" da take da shi ya kuma Ivanovo, ko da yake aikin da aka ba a aiwatar.

Duk da haka, shi ne a cikin 20-30-ies. birnin dandana da most Yunƙurin. Ivanovo muhimmanci gina. Soviet gine-ginen ya dube shi a matsayin gwaji ƙasa domin nasu gwaje-gwajen. Saboda wannan a yau a yankin tsakiyar akwai da yawa Monuments na farkon gurguzu constructivism. Sauran sananne biranen su ne kasar ta most da kuma musamman circus makaranta ga yara na waje kwaminisanci iyali (Interdom).

Bolshevik gyara Ivanovo ya aka kare da yawa haikali da majami'u gina a cikin czarist zamanin. Alal misali, an halaka Pokrovsky sufi, a kusa da a lokaci daya da kuma kafa wani shiri, wanda daga baya ya zama yankin cibiyar. Its gini da aka rushe, kuma a wurinsa gina Drama gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya bude a 1939.

A lokacin babban Patriotic War wani hali na baya Ivanovo birni. Ga taro asibitoci bude sojoji da farar hula da aka kwashe. Sau da yawa sun shagaltar gabatarwa na makarantu da kuma sauran jama'a gine-gine. A shekarar 1942, tushe na Faransa iska rajimanti "Normandie-Niemen" an halitta a kan Ivanovo filin jirgin sama. Harkokin waje matuka jirgin suka yi jihãdi a gefe na Tarayyar Soviet a kan axis. A Ivanovo, suka zauna a raba dormitories.

wayewar

Bayan karshen yakin duniya na II, a Ivanovo fara bude ba kawai saba yadi Enterprises, amma kuma na'ura-gini shuke-shuke. Ana zargin sabon masana'antu ya kai ga m fadada birane da gidaje a shekarun 1980s. Mafi yawan waɗannan kamfanonin aiki a yau.

A zamani birni ya kafa fasali na duk gabata dazamani. Har yanzu, akwai muhawara a tsakanin 'yan kasa, ko shi wajibi ne don komawa tarihi sunan Ivanovo Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Wannan shirin ya zo daga gwagwarmaya da shugabannin Rasha Orthodox Church. Duk da wannan, ta zamani, Ivanovo mazauna yi imani da cewa a halin yanzu sunan birnin ne yafi dace da haihuwa.

alamu na gari

A shekarar 1970 aka soma gashi na makamai Ivanovo. Its peculiarity ta'allaka ne da cewa shi aka ba cunkus hankula Soviet kayayyaki - .. lauje, guduma, star, da dai sauransu A maimakon haka, su nuna alama ce ta farko Rasha juyin juya halin - da tocilan, kazalika da jigila loom.

Bayan wannan gashi na makamai Ivanovo canza sau ɗaya kawai. A shekarar 1996 ya aka yi siffar yarinya a wani ja sundress da headdress. A hannun ta ne a kadi dabaran - alama ce da yawa yadi Enterprises. Mace image a kan makamai - wannan shi ne wani tabbaci cewa matsayi na "Birnin masu bakin mayafi" da aka bai wa shi ga wani dalili. A garin ne domin ta shahara mata masaƙa sakar. Ivanovo flag, soma a shekara ta 2003, cewa manufar duplicates.