Rayuwa da al'adu na 18th karni a Rasha: Tarihi

Epochal sarautar Bitrus I, kazalika da ta da yawa da sake fasalin da nufin westernization da kuma kawar da vestiges na rayuwar yau da kullum na da da kuma siyasa, ya mai girma tasiri a kan hanyar rayuwar dukkan azuzuwan na daular.

Daban-daban sababbin abubuwa, rayayye ya gabatar a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma al'adu na Russia a cikin 18th karni, ya ba da karfi impetus ga canji na Rasha a cikin wani haskaka Turai jihar.

Bitrus I ta sake fasalin

Bitrus I, kazalika da nasara da shi a kan kursiyin Catherine II, ta babban aiki na familiarizing mata ĩmãni da 'yan rayuwa da kuma accustom babba azuzuwan na Rasha jama'a ga dokoki na Da'a. Don yin wannan, kafa musamman wa'azi da shiriya. Sun manya karatu da dokokin kotun Da'a da kuma aika zuwa karatu a kasashen turai, inda ta mayar da wahayi zuwa gare ta so yin Rasha mutane haskaka kuma mafi zamani. Mai canje-canje sun shafi wadanda mutane rai, iyali salon ya zauna canzawa - da shugaban iyali shi ne wani mutum, da sauran 'yan iyali da yi masa biyayya.

Rayuwa da al'adu na 18th karni, Rasha shiga wata babbar adawa da sababbin abubuwa, a gaskiya ta wadãta absolutism da mulkin gargajiya dangantakar ba da damar m da sauri da su aiwatar da tsare-tsaren na Europeanization a rayuwa. Bugu da kari, akwai bayyananne bambanci ga rai na arziki kadarori da kuma serfs.

Kotun rayuwa a cikin XVIII karni

Rayuwa da al'adu na fādar sarki, a karo na biyu da rabi daga cikin XVIII karni sãɓã wa jũna unprecedented alatu, mamaki ko yan kasashen waje. All ji karfi da ya rinjayi Yammacin yayi: a Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg, akwai malamai, tutors, hairdressers, milliners. dauri ga nazarin da aka Faransa harshe. Special fashion da aka gabatar da Ladies, da suke a kotu.

Innovation, bayyana a Paris, a tabbatar koyi daga Rasha nobility. Kotun Da'a kamar Theatrical yi - da kwarjini da taƙama bakuna, curtsies halitta wani m ji na affectedness.

A tsawon lokaci, da yawa daga shahararsa shi ne wasan kwaikwayo. A wannan lokacin ya bayyana da farko Rasha playwrights (Dimitiriyas, Sumarokov).

Girma sha'awa cikin Faransanci wallafe-wallafe. aristocracy wakilan suna ƙara mayar da hankali a kan samuwar da kuma ci gaban da Multi-faceted hali - shi ya zama mai irin ãyã daga mai kyau, ku ɗanɗani.

A 30s - 40s na XVIII karni, a zamanin mulkin Anny Ioannovny, daya daga cikin rare nisha, baicin dara da Checkers, ya zama wasa na cards, wanda a baya aka dauke m.

Rayuwa da al'adu na 18th karni a Rasha: rai na nobility

A jama'ar na Rasha Empire kunshi dama azuzuwan.

A mafi m matsayi kasance manya manyan birane, musamman da Saint - Petersburg da kuma Moscow: abu da walwala da kuma wani babban matsayi a cikin al'umma, kunna su don kai wani rago rai, da duk lokacin da shirya da kuma halartar zaman jama'a events.

Hankali da hankali da aka biya zuwa gidajensu, a kan tsari wanda muhimmanci rinjayi Yammacin hadisai.

mallakan aristocracy rarrabe alatu da kuma ladabi: manyan dakuna, tastefully tattali da Turai furniture, babbar chandeliers tare da kyandirori, arziki library da littattafai da Western mawallafa - duk wannan ya nuna gabar dandano da zama hujja na nobility iyali. Fili da dakuna na gidaje da damar mai shirya maƙil da bukukuwa da wadanda mutane receptions.

Da muhimmancin ilimi a cikin XVIII karni

Rayuwa da al'adu na biyu da rabi na 18th karni da aka haɗa dangi da rinjayar Yammacin al'ada a Rasha: shi ya zama gaye aristocratic gyaran gashi, inda tafasar muhawara game da harkokin siyasa, fasaha, adabi, muhawara da aka gudanar a kan falsafa da jigogi. Mafi mashahuri ne da harshen Faransanci, wanda da yara na nobility daga yara koyar da malamai musamman hayar 'yan kasashen waje. Don cimma 15 - 17 years ba matasa a makarantun na rufaffiyar type: da samari da aka sanar a nan na soja dabarun, da 'yan mata - dokoki na dandano mai kyau, da kuma ikon wasa daban-daban kida, rayuwar iyali.

A Europeanization na rayuwa da kuma tushe na birane yawan ya na bayar da muhimmanci ga ci gaban kasar baki daya. Innovations a art, gine-gine, abinci, tufafi da sauri dauki tushen a cikin gidajen da nobility. Kõre da mai walƙiya tare da tsohon Rasha halaye da kuma hadisai, sun ƙaddara su ƙaddarawa, rayuwa da al'adu na 18th karni a Rasha.

A lokaci guda, sababbin abubuwa ba yada a ko'ina cikin kasar, kuma an rufe kawai mafi m na yankuna, sake jaddada mashigar ruwa tsakanin m da matalauta yadudduka.

Rayuwa lardin manyansu

A bambanci ga nobility na babban birnin kasar, wakilan lardin nobility rayu tsare, ko da yake kokarin by duk wajen don kama da mafi m aristocracy. Wani lokaci wannan bege a kan wani ɓangare duba kyawawan cartoonish. Idan ka san babban birnin kasar rayu kashe ta babbar Holdings da kuma aiki a kan su dubban serfs, da iyali na lardin garuruwa da kauyuka na babban albashi zo daga haraji na manoma, da kuma samun kudin shiga daga kananan gonaki. Bafadan ta qasaita ya mai kama da babban birnin kasar nobility gidaje, amma tare da wani gagarumin bambanci - gaba zuwa gidan da aka located yawa outbuildings.

A matakin ilimi na lardin nobility ya ragu, da horo da aka fi mayar iyakance ga kayan yau da kullum na nahawu da ilmin lissafi. Men ciyar da dama lokaci, za a yi farauta, da kuma mata tsegumi game kotu rayuwa da fashion, ba tare da ciwon wannan wani adalci gabatar.

The masu yankunan karkara kadarori da aka nasaba, da manoma, wanda ya yi rawar da ma'aikata da kuma ma'aikata a gidajensu. Saboda haka, yankunan karkara nobility da yawa a kusa da commoners fiye da Metropolitan aristocrats. Bugu da kari, talauci ilimi manya, kazalika da manoma, sun sau da yawa da nisa daga sababbin abubuwa gabatar, kuma idan sun yi kokarin tsayar da tare da fashion, ya juya waje yana da mafi ban dariya fiye da dadi.

Farmers: rai da al'adu na 18th karni a Rasha

Mutum duk da magangara mafi ƙasƙanci caste na Rasha Empire - serfs.

Ina aiki kwanaki shida a mako domin mai masauki ba su ba da manomi lokaci don kyautata na rayuwar yau da kullum. Own filaye da suka yi rike a kan holidays, kuma karshen mako, saboda manoma iyalai da aka ciwon da yawa yara, kuma mun yi ko ta yaya ciyar da su. Tare da m aikin yi da kuma rashin free lokaci da kuma albarkatun ƙuƙumi da sauki rai na manoma: itace gidan, ciki m, scanty abinci da sauki tufafi. Duk da haka, duk da wannan bai hana su, don fito da fun: a cikin babban biki da aka gudanar m game, da aka yi raye-raye da, songs aka sung.

The yara na manoma, ba tare da samun wani ilimi, maimaita rabo daga iyayensu, da kuma zama bayin serf kuma nobility a lokacin da kadarori.

Rinjayar da West a kan Rasha ta ci gaba

Rayuwa da al'adu na Rasha mutane a karshen da XVIII karni yawancin kasance a karkashin cikakken tasiri na yammacin duniya trends. Duk da kwanciyar hankali da kuma rigidity na tsohon Rasha hadisai da kuma trends na raya ƙasashe hankali ya shigo cikin rayuwar jama'ar na Rasha Empire, yin shi a m wani ɓangare na wani karin ilimi da kuma ilimi. Wannan al'amari ya tabbatar da bayyanar da daban-daban cibiyoyin a cikin sabis na wanda kunshi riga samu a wasu matakin ilimi, mutane (misali birni asibitoci).

Al'adu ci gaba da kuma a hankali a hankali Europeanization na yawan quite nuna a fili Rasha tarihi. Rayuwa da al'adu na 18th karni, godiya ga manufofin gyara da ilimi na Bitrus I, alama farkon duniya al'adu cin gaban da Rasha da kuma ta mutane.