A yakin basasa a kasar Tajikistan (1992-1997 shekaru): description, tarihi da kuma sakamakon

A kan Hauwa'u na rarrabuwa da Tarayyar Soviet (da kuma a cikin farkon '80s), da halin da ake ciki a kan karkata daga jihar shi cewa Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Moldova, Tajikistan, da kuma da yawa wasu tsakiyar Asiya jamhuriyoyin an daina shigar da Moscow, kuma sun kasance, a gaskiya, a kan hanya na separatism. Bayan rushewar tarayyar bi mai tsanani da kisan kiyashin da: na farko fada karkashin rarraba mu compatriots, sa'an nan karamar hukumar ta fara kawar da duk yiwu kishiyoyinsu. Aƙalla guda labari ci gaba da yakin basasa a kasar Tajikistan.

Ya kamata a lura cewa Tajikistan, kamar Kazakhstan, ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan tsakiyar Asiya jamhuriyoyin, abin da gaske ba ya so rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. Kuma saboda sha'awa da kuma a nan shi ne wannan da ya kai ga yakin basasa.

abubuwan da ake bukata

Ya kamata ba, duk da haka, zaton cewa shi ya fara "ba zato ba tsammani, kuma ba zato ba tsammani" saboda kowane sabon abu yana da wasu daga cikin asalin. Sun kasance a cikin wannan hali.

Alƙaluma da nasarorin - ciki har da. Abin da ya Tajikistan 1990s? Yakin basasa ya barke a yankin da cewa tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, inda har sai da ya karshe kwanaki a can ya kasance m da kuma kwari girma da yawan jama'a. Domin ko ta yaya amfani da wata babbar aiki reserves, suka jefa mutane a daban-daban sasanninta na kasar. Amma irin wannan hanyoyin da matsalar ba a warware har karshen. Perestroika fara, da masana'antu albarku ya tsaya, a matsayin tallafin da aka tsaya da kuma sake ma su matsugunni da shirye-shirye. Boye rashin aikin yi ya kai 25%.

Matsaloli tare da makwabta

A lokaci guda, kafa a Afghanistan da Taliban gwamnatin, da kuma Uzbekistan fara kuna aikin tsoma baki a cikin harkokin cikin tsohon yar'uwarsa jamhuriyar. A daidai wannan lokaci a kan ƙasa na Tajikistan fuskantar bukatun Amurka da kuma Iran. A karshe, Tarayyar Soviet ba, kuma ba zai iya sabuwar kafa Rasha Federation da aiki a matsayin mai sulhu a yankin. A irin ƙarfin lantarki hankali qara, ya zama mai ma'ana sakamakon yakin basasa a kasar Tajikistan.

A farkon da rikici

A general, farkon da rikici rayayye da gudummawar da matakai, wanda a wancan lokacin ya ci gaba a Afghanistan. Tsakanin Pashtun, Tajik da Uzbek kungiyoyin juya gwagwarmaya da makamai ga iko a cikin yankin. Ana sa ran cewa da Pashtuns a cikin Taliban ta fuskanci mafi tsananin ƙarfi daga su notoriously fragmented da kullum da jayayya a tsakãninsu adawar. Hakika, da Tajiks da Uzbeks sun sauri zuwa haduwa da juna. A musamman, Uzbekistan da aka rayayye goyan bayan ta henchmen a cikin ƙasa na Tajiks. Saboda haka, Uzbeks za a iya daukan "full" wakilan} adawa. Wannan ya gaya mana more.

Saboda haka, da na aikin Armed Forces of Uzbekistan, tare da polubanditskimi tsarin hissar Uzbeks rayayye ya tsoma baki a cikin soja mataki, har ma a 1997, lokacin da rikici ya riga ya fara Fade gaba daya. Kafin MDD Uzbeks rayayye barata bisa ga gaskiyar cewa sun zato taimaka hana yaduwar m Musulunci.

Ayyuka na uku jam'iyyun

Hakika, kan bango na duk wannan ugliness duk jam'iyyun ba su tsaya kokarin ansu rubuce-rubucen da wani yanki na cake fatter, fatan kara da tasiri a cikin yankin. Saboda haka, a Dushanbe (1992), a lokaci guda ya buɗe Iran da kuma ofishin jakadancin Amurka. Da sauƙi, suka buga a kan daban-daban tarnaƙi, da goyon bayan daban-daban dakarun 'yan adawa a kan ƙasa na Tajikistan. M matsayi na Rasha, wanda ta dauki daga wani rashin iko a yankin, ya taka leda a hannun kowa da kowa - musamman Saudi Arabia. Arab malamai ba zai iya taimaka amma lura da yadda amfani Tajikistan matsayin tushe, fi dacewa dace domin yadda ake gudanar a kasar Afghanistan.

A farkon yakin basasa

Tsakiyan duk wannan kullum girma appetites na laifi Tsarin, wanda a wancan lokaci ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin administrative na'ura na Tajikistan. All shi ya tsananta tun shekarar 1989, lokacin da taro afuwa da aka za'ayi. Mutane da yawa na da fursunoni, spurred da kudi daga wasu kamfanoni, sun kasance a shirye don ya yi yaƙi da kowa, kuma wani abu. Shi ne a cikin wannan irin "miya", kuma ta samo asali da yakin basasa a kasar Tajikistan. Hukumomi so kome da kome, amma a cimma mafi kyau duka m ne Semi-laifi Tsarin.

Fadan ya fara a 1989. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa yaki ya barke bayan zanga-kwaminisanci rallies a Dushanbe. Wai Soviet gwamnatin sa'an nan rasa fuska. Wannan mahanga butulci, kamar yadda a farkon lokacin da marigayi 70-ies na Moscow hukumomi a wadannan yankuna gane kawai ƙa'ida. Nagorno-Karabakh ya nuna cikakken rashin iyawa na Kremlin to da ya dace mataki idan wata barazana, don haka abin da m sojojin yayin da kawai ya fito daga duffai.

zaben

Nuwamba 24, 1991, na farko zaben shugaban kasa, ya lashe zaben da Nabiyev. A general, shi ne sauki su sa, kamar kishiyoyinsu a cikin wannan "zaben" ya kasance ba. Da sauƙi, bayan wannan ya fara taro fermentation, shugaban sabuwar rarraba makamai Kulyab iyalansu, wanda ya dogara ga wakilan.

Wasu Maxaukakin Sarki mawallafa jayayya da cewa wannan yana da mummunan kuskure na dimokaradiyya na matasa Jamhuriyar. So. Duk da yake mayar da hankali a kan ƙasa na Tajikistan ne unaccounted for makamai da mayakan daga Afghanistan da kuma Uzbekistan, cewa farkon karo shi ne kawai wani al'amari lokaci. Abin baƙin ciki, da yakin basasa a kasar Tajikistan da aka qaddara daga farkon.

tashin

A farkon May 1992 da radicals tsayayya da ra'ayin halittar Kulyabis "National Guard", nan da nan suka tafi a kan m. Aka kama da babban sadarwar cibiyoyin, asibitoci, rayayye dauki garkuwa, da farko jini da aka zubar. Majalisar a karkashin irin wannan matsin da sauri samar da takaddama iyalan key posts. Saboda haka, abubuwan da suka faru na spring 1992 sa a cikin samuwar wani "hadaka" gwamnati.

Its wakilan kusan yin wani abu da amfani ga kasar sabon-yi, amma rayayye a rashin daidaito, don gina juna mãkirci kuma tafiyar da bude adawa. Hakika, na dogon lokaci don haka shi ba zai iya ci gaba da, da yakin basasa a kasar Tajikistan. A takaice, ta asalin kamata a nemi a cikin rashin so su yi shawarwari tare da abokan adawar.

Hadin gwiwa har yanzu yana da irin ciki hadin kai, da nufin jiki halakar dukan m adawar. Fadace-fadace da aka yi yaƙi da matsananci, dabba keta. Babu fursunoni kuma shaidun da ya bar. A farkon kaka na shekarar 1992 ya fi Nabiyev aka dauka aka yi garkuwa da, da kuma tilasta hannu a recantation. 'Yan Hamayya dauki iko. A wannan taƙaitaccen tarihin na Tajik yakin basasa zai sun ƙare, a matsayin sabon tip miƙa quite m ra'ayoyi da ba ƙagauta ya nutsar da kasa a jini ... Amma wannan ba ya zama.

Shigarwa cikin yaki na uku sojojin

Da fari dai, ga sojojin na m shiga cikin Hissar Uzbeks. Na biyu, gwamnatin Uzbekistan ya fito fili ya bayyana cewa, sojojin kasar za su kuma shiga cikin yaki idan Hissar zai lashe nasarar. Duk da haka, da Uzbeks ba su yi shakka ya yi amfani da taro sojojin a kan ƙasa mai makwabtaka kasar, tare da tambayar da MDD shawarwari. Shi ne da godiya ga wannan "hodgepodge" punitive haka dogon dade yakin basasa a kasar Tajikistan (1992-1997 shekaru).

Halakar fararen hula

A marigayi 1992, Hissar da Dushanbe Kuliabis karɓo su. dakarun 'yan adawa suka fara ja da baya a cikin duwatsu a bãyansu suka tafi Tola dubban' yan gudun hijira. Wasu daga cikinsu, suka tafi a kan Apmir farko, kuma daga can cikin mutane ya koma Afghanistan. Babban taro na mutane gudu yaki tafi zuwa ga Garm. Abin baƙin ciki, akwai kuma koma punitive hari. Lokacin da suka isa m mutane, ya barke wani mummunan kisan kiyashin. Daruruwan dubban gawawwaki jefa cikin kogi kawai Surkhab. Gawan kasance haka da yawa da cewa yan unguwa ba su ma kusata da kogin domin kusan biyu da suka gabata.

Tun daga nan, da yaki dade, da flaring up, sa'an nan Fading sake for fiye da shekaru biyar. A general, da "} ungiyoyin" to kira wannan rikici ba sosai daidai, saboda har zuwa 60% na sojojin na adawa tarnaƙi, ba a ma maganar gangs ne daga wasu yankuna na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, ciki har da Georgia, da Ukraine, da kuma Uzbekistan. Saboda haka da cewa tsawon lokaci na tashin sarari: wani waje da kasar ta kasance musamman m ga mai tsawo da kuma ci gaba da amfani da makamai juriya.

A general, 'yan adawa tawaye bai kare a can. Har yaushe shi dade yakin basasa a kasar Tajikistan? 1992-1997 shekaru, a matsayin hukuma ra'ayi. Amma ba haka ne, don na karshe rikicin nema daga farkon 2000s. A cewar unofficial data, da halin da ake ciki a yankin tsakiyar Asiya kasar, mai nisa daga manufa a yau. Wannan Gaskiya ne, yanzu, lokacin da Afghanistan a general ya zama ƙasa infested vakhabitami.

A sakamakon yaki

Yana da wani hadari ce cewa, babbar masifa ga kasar ne ba maƙiyi mamayewa, ba wani bala'i, amma wani yakin basasa. A Tajikistan (1992-1997 gg.) Population za a iya shawo daga nasu kwarewa.

Abubuwan da suka faru daga waɗanda shekara aka halin da babban jikkata tsakanin 'yan kasa, kazalika da babban tattalin arziki lalacewa: a lokacin fadan da aka halakar da kusan dukan masana'antu gine na tsohon jamhuriyoyin da Tarayyar Soviet, kawai gudanar ya kare wata musamman hydroelectric iko tashar, wanda a wannan lokacin ba har zuwa 1/3 na jimlar kasafin kudin na Tajikistan. Kamar yadda na aikin Figures, kashe akalla 100 dubu mutane, wannan adadin - bace. Ambata cewa, mutãnen ƙarshe - a kalla 70% Rasha, Ukrainians, Belarusians, wanda kafin rushewar tarayyar ma zauna a cikin ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Tajikistan (1992). A yakin basasa ya karfafa da kuma kara kyamar baki.

A 'yan gudun hijira matsala

A daidai yawan 'yan gudun hijirar ya har yanzu ba a sani ba. Mafi m, sun kasance yawa fiye da miliyan, wanda jami'an ce da Tajik hukumomi. Ba zato ba tsammani, shi ne matsalar 'yan gudun hijira ne har yanzu daya daga cikin mafi m al'amurran da suka shafi abin da gwamnati ke kokarin kauce masa lokacin da sadarwa tare da abokan aiki daga Rasha, Uzbekistan, Iran da kuma ko da Afghanistan. A kasar mu bayar da shawarar cewa, kasar bar akalla miliyan hudu mutane.

A farko kalaman gudu masana kimiyya, likitoci, marubuta. Saboda haka, Tajikistan (1992-1997 shekaru) ya rasa ba kawai masana'antu sites, amma kuma ta ilimi core. Har yanzu, kasar tana fuskantar wani m karancin yawa gwani kwararru. A musamman, domin wannan dalili, har yanzu ba su fara ci gaban da yawa ma'adinai adibas wanda suna samuwa a kan karkararta.

Shugaba Rakhmonov a 1997 bayar da umarni a kan kungiyar na kasa da kasa da asusu "Sasanta", wanda a rubuce ya taimaka 'yan gudun hijira komawa zuwa Tajikistan. A yakin basasa a shekarar 1992, kuma m zuwa kasar, amma saboda a baya da bambance-bambance, babu daya biya da hankali.

maimakon a ƙarshe

Amma da amfani da wannan tayin, yafi low-gwani ma'aikata da tsoffin mayakan na adawa da bangarorin. M masana a kasar don dawo ba za, domin sun dade da aka assimilated kasashen waje, da kuma 'ya'yansu ba su san harshen ko da kwastan na tsoffin mahaifarsa. Bugu da kari, kusan gaba daya hallaka a kasar Tajikistan masana'antu na taimaka wani taba-girma yawan barancen. A cikin ƙasa akwai wani wuri da aiki, amma domin sun je kasashen waje: a Rasha, bisa ga shekarar 2013, aka kullum aiki a kalla miliyan Tajiks.

Kuma shi ne - kawai a hukumance sun ratsa ta cikin FMS. A cewar unofficial data, da lambar a kasar mu iya isa 2-3.5 miliyan. Saboda haka da yaki a kasar Tajikistan sake tabbatar da ra'ayin cewa yakin rikici - mafi munin abu da zai iya faruwa a kasar. Ba su amfana daga kowa (wanin waje makiya).