Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha. A wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu na marubuci

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich bukatar wani gabatarwar. Wannan babban marubuci kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da aka sani ga dukan duniya. Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha gabatar a wannan labarin.

Origin marubuci

Bulgakov M. A. aka haife May 3, 1891, a Kiev. Uwãyensa sun kasance masana. Uwarsa yi aiki a Karachai progymnasium malami. Mahaifina ya na da malami (ya hoto ne da aka sama). Bayan kammala karatu daga Kiev tauhidin Academy, ya yi aiki da shi, kazalika da a wasu makarantun. A 1893 Athanasius Bulgakov zama Kiev yankin m. Da nauyin da hada katsalandan na ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin harsuna waje. A cikin iyali, amma Michael yana da 'ya'ya biyar.

da lokacin horo, aiki a filin asibitoci

Ya kamata a yi la'akari a cikin babban daki-daki marubucin kamar yadda Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich, biography. Table na kwanakin hade tare da ransa, ba kawai taimakawa wadanda suka tashi a sami asalin aikinsa da kuma fahimtar da peculiarities na ciki duniya. Saboda haka za mu bayar da shawarar ka karanta wani cikakken tarihinsa.

A nan gaba marubuci karatu a Alexander farko Gymnasium. matakin na ilimi a wannan makaranta ya sosai high. A 1909, Mr Mikhail shiga Kiev University, bayan da aka kamata ya zama likita. A shekara ta 1914 yakin duniya na farko.

Bayan kammala karatu daga Jami'ar a 1916, Bulgakov yi aiki a filin asibitoci (a Kamenetz-Podolsk, kuma bayan wani lokaci - Cherepovets). Ya aka tuno daga gaban a watan Satumba 1916 Bulgakov ya zama shugaban Nikolskaya yankunan karkara asibiti dake a lardin Smolensk. A shekara daga baya, a 1917, Bulgakov aka canjawa wuri zuwa Vyazma. Kamar yadda kafa a 1926, "Notes na matasa likita" nuna wannan lokaci na rayuwarsa. A protagonist na aikin ne a talented likita, conscientious ma'aikacin. A wani alama m yanayi ya kubutar da marasa lafiya. A gwarzo ne sosai kau da wani wuya kudi halin da ake ciki na m manoma da suke zaune a kauyuka na Smolensk. Duk da haka, ya gane cewa ba zai iya canja wani abu.

Juyin juya halin a cikin rabo na Bulgakov

Saba rayuwa Bulgakov karya Fabrairu juyin juya halin. Bulgakov ya bayyana hali zuwa da shi a cikin shekarar 1923 muqala "Kyiv-City". Ya lura cewa, "ba zato ba tsammani da kuma ominously" juyin juya hali "ya zo da labarin."

A karshen watan Oktoba juyin juya halin Bulgakov aka saki daga aikin soja. Ya koma ƙasarsa Kiev, wanda, da rashin alheri, aka zarar shagaltar da ta Jamus. Ga Mr Mikhail fada cikin maelstrom na yakin basasa. Bulgakov kuwa mai kyau likita, don me ya ayyuka da aka bukatar da bangarorin biyu. Sun likita a kowane halin da ake ciki ya kasance da aminci ga akida na humanism. A hankali girma zãlunci; a ransa. Ya ba su iya zo sharuddan da rashin tausayi na fari da kuma Petliura. Daga bisani, wadannan sentiments aka nuna a cikin Bulgakov ta labari "The White Guard" kazalika a cikin labarai, "Dare a na uku da lambar," "Raid" da kuma plays "Flight" da "kwãnukan turbines."

Bulgakov gaskiya za'ayi da likita ta bi. A lokacin da sabis, dole ne ya zama an unwitting shaida ga laifuka da aka aikata a karshen shekara ta 1919 a Vladikavkaz. Bulgakov ba ya so ya zama mafi shiga a cikin yakin. Ya bar darajõji daga cikin sojojin Denikin a farkon 1920

A farko articles da labarai

Sai na yanke shawarar daina yi magani Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov. Brief biography shi ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida. Ya fara rubuta articles da aka buga a gida jaridu. Da farko labarin Bulgakov kammala a cikin kaka na shekara ta 1919 Wancan hunturu ya halitta da dama satirical articles, a yawan labaru. A daya daga cikinsu, da ake kira "haraji ga sha'awa," Bulgakov gaya labarin titi rikicin da ya faru a Kiev lokacin juyin juya halin da kuma yakin basasa.

Kwaikwaiyo da halitta a Vladikavkaz

Jimawa kafin fari bar Vladikavkaz, relapsing zazzabi da rashin lafiya Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi wannan lokaci ne musamman ban mamaki. A cikin bazara na 1920, ya warke. Duk da haka, da Red Army sojojin sun shiga garin, da kuma Bulgakov iya yin qaura ba, wanda shi ne sosai kamar. Yana da ya wajaba ko ta yaya gina dangantakar da sabon tsarin mulki. Sai ya fara aiki tare da juyin juya halin Musulunci kwamitin, a cikin Sub-Division of Arts. Bulgakov halitta guda domin Ingush da Ossetian troupes. Wadannan ayyuka gani ya views a kan juyin juya halin. Wannan agitation ya short-rayu, rubuta da farko don tsira a wuya yanayi. A Bulgakov ta labari "Bayanan kula kan cuffs" nuna masa kwaikwayo na Vladikavkaz.

Motsi zuwa Moscow, sabon ayyukansu

A Tiflis, sa'an nan a cikin Batumi iya hijira Mikhail Bulgakov. Tarihinsa, duk da haka, ya dauki wani daban-daban hanya. Bulgakov san cewa wurin na marubuci a wani wuya lokaci ga kasar nan - kusa da mutane. Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha a 1921 alama da tafi zuwa Moscow. Cikin labarin a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1922 a kai a kai da aka buga a shafukan da mujallu da jaridu na gari. A makala da satirical ƙasida nuna babban alamu na rai post-neman sauyi shekaru. Babban abu na satire Bulgakov shi ne "amma kumfa na NEP" (a cikin wasu kalmomi, da sabon arziki-nepmen). Ga shi wajibi ne a lura da irin wannan labari Bulgakov a matsayin "Cup of Life" da kuma "Trillioner". Har ila yau yana sha'awar jama'a da low matakin na al'ada. Bazaar yan kasuwa, da mazaunan jama'a birnin Moscow, bureaucrats da kuma sauran jami'ai, duk da haka, Mr Mikhail da kuma lura da wani sabon abu a cikin kasa. Saboda haka, a daya muqala, ya bayyana halin da sabon yayi a fuskar an makaranta yaro wanda ke tare da wani sabon knapsack a kan titi.

A labarin "The Fatal Qwai" da kuma siffofin na kerawa 1920

A labarin "The Fatal Qwai" Bulgakov aka buga a 1924. Yana faruwa a wani hasashen nan gaba - a 1928. A wannan lokaci da sakamakon da NEP sun riga bayyananne. A musamman, da misali daga mai rai ya kara da cika fuska (a cikin labari, wanda aka halitta da Mikhail Bulgakov). Biography na marubuci ba ya zaton cikakken sani tare da aikinsa, amma mãkirci aiki na "The Fatal Qwai" mu har yanzu retell a cikin wani dunƙule. Farfesa Peaches sanya wani muhimmin samu cewa zai iya zama babban amfani ga dukan 'yan adam. Duk da haka, a cikin hannãyenku daga girman kai, Semi-jahilin mutane, wakilan da sabon burokrasi thrived karkashin War Kwaminisanci, kuma a cikin shekaru na NEP karfafa matsayinsu, shi ne gano wani bala'i. Kusan duk haruffan labaru na Bulgakov, halitta a 1920, ya kasa. A cikin ayyukansu, marubucin neman kai ga mai karatu da ra'ayin cewa jama'a ba a shirye ya dauko sabon hanyoyi na dangantaka da cewa su ne bisa daraja da ilimi da kuma al'adu, to da wuya aikin.

"Gudun" da "kwãnukan turbines"

A Bulgakov ta plays "Flight" da "kwãnukan turbines" (1925-28 gg.) Bulgakov nuna cewa masana maƙiya a duk hukumomi, wanda ya yi nasara juna a lokacin Yakin Basasa. A heroes of waɗannan ayyuka ne da hankula wakilan da ake kira "sabon masana". Na farko, su ne ko dai m game da juyin juya halin ko suka yi yaƙi da shi. MA Bulgakov kansa yana nufin wannan sabon Layer. Wannan ya ce tare da ci mutumci a cikin wani alama labarin mai taken "Capital a littafin rubutu." A da shi, ya lura da cewa, wani sabon kawo dukkan, "baƙin ƙarfe". Shi ne iya, da kuma sara itace, furniture da kuma shipping, da kuma tafiyar da wani X-ray. Bulgakov lura da cewa ya yi imanin cewa shi zai tsira, ba zai bace.

Hare-hare a kan Bulgakov, Stalin Up

Dole ne in ce cewa Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich (biography da aikinsa tabbatar da wannan) ko da yaushe ya amsa sensitively to canje-canje a cikin Soviet al'umma. Ya aka sosai tada da rabo daga zalunci, ya yi shakka baratar da wasu matakan. Amma Bulgakov ko da yaushe ya yi ĩmãni da mutum. Tare da shi damu da shakkar haruffa. Criticism, ana riskarsa unfavorably. Hare-hare a kan Bulgakov karu a 1929. Duk da kwaikwaiyo da aka cire daga sharhin na wasan kwaikwayo. Da zarar a wani mawuyacin hali, Mr Mikhail aka tilasta rubuta wata wasika zuwa ga gwamnatin da bukatar in je kasashen waje. Bayan nan, da biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha aka alama ta wani muhimmin taron. A 1930, Bulgakov aka bayar da kira na Stalin kansa. A sakamakon wannan hira da aka nada Mikhail Marynich ga post na darektan-mataimaki a Moscow Art Theater. Sake bayyana a gidan wasan kwaikwayo Productions da ya plays. Bayan wani lokaci, ya halicci staging staging na "Matattu Rayukan" da aka alama ta wani marubuci kamar yadda Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich, biography. Ransa aka alama inganta. Duk da haka, duk ba haka ba ne sauki ...

Bulgakov - mai alfarma marubucin

Duk da waje angarorin na Stalin a cikin Tarayyar labaru bayan 1927 akwai ba guda aiki na Mikhail Bulgakov, tare da banda wani sashi daga cikin play "Run" ( "Bakwai Dream") a 1932 da kuma fassarar Moliere ta "rowa" a shekara ta 1938 Case cewa Bulgakov aka kunshe a cikin jerin dakatar mawallafa.

Abin da kuma ne na ƙwarai biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha? A takaice gaya game da shi ba sauki, saboda ransa aka alama ta da yawa muhimmanci events da kuma ban sha'awa facts. An ce, duk da dukan matsaloli, da marubuci bai zaton a bar su mahaifarsa. Ko da a cikin mafi wuya lokaci (1929-30.), Yana kusan bai halarci taron ba da tunani na ƙaura. A daya daga cikin haruffa Bulgakov yarda cewa babu inda kuma, fãce Tarayyar Soviet, ba shi yiwuwa, saboda kusantar da wahayi daga shi shekara goma sha ɗaya.

The labari "The Master kuma Margarita"

Bulgakov a shekara ta 1933, kokarin buga aikinsa "The Life of Monsieur de Moliere" a "Zaune na ƙwarai Mutane" jerin. Duk da haka, shi kuma ya kasa. Bayan haka, ya zai daina ƙoƙari ya buga su halittun har mutuwarsa. Marubuci gaba ɗaya kishin kansa ga halittar labari "The Master kuma Margarita". Wannan aikin da aka mafi girma da nasara, kazalika da daya daga cikin mafi kyau ayyukan Rasha da kuma duniya adabi na karni na 20th. Shekara goma sha biyu ransa Bulgakov ya ba da aiki a kan ta. A ra'ayin na "The Master kuma Margarita" ya zo daga shi a cikin marigayi 1920s matsayin wani ƙoƙari na falsafa da kuma m fassarar gurguzu gaskiya. Author dauke m farko versions daga cikin samfurin. A tsawon shekaru, Mr Mikhail kiyaye dawo da haruffa, kokarin a kan sabon rikice-rikice da kuma al'amuran. Kawai a 1932 sayi fegi cikawa na wannan aikin, marubucin wanda aka sani ga duk (Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov).

Cikakken biography na Bulgakov ya shafi la'akari da darajar aikinsa. Saboda haka mu gaya game da wannan.

Darajar halittar Bulgakov

Nuna cewa White motsi yana wanzuwa ga rashin cin nasara, da cewa kawo dukkan lalle zã zuwa Reds (labari "The White Guard", da play "Flight" da "kwãnukan turbines"), cewa jama'a na cikin hadari, idan al'adar da abi'a retarded mutum zai sami dama don gabatar a kan wasu nufinsa ( "zuciya na wani Kare"), Mr Mikhail sanya wani gano wanda aka kunshe a cikin tsarin na kasa dabi'u na kasar mu.

Me kuma yake ban sha'awa Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich? Biography, ban sha'awa facts hade da shi, da kuma aikinsa - a kan dukan Bears hatimi na jin zafi ga mutum. Wannan ji ne ko da yaushe peculiar Bulgakov a matsayin magaji na hadisai na Rasha da kuma duniya wallafe-wallafe. Mr Mikhail dauki kawai adabi cewa ya nuna da wahala real heroes. Humanism ya akida core na ayyukan Bulgakov. A gaskiya master wannan humanism ne kusa da masoyi masu karatu ko da yaushe.

A karshe shekaru ransa

A karshe shekaru Bulgakov aka ba ji cewa ya m rai da aka lalace. Duk da cewa ya ci gaba da rayayye haifar, Bulgakov ayyukan kusan kai zamani masu karatu. Yana rurrushe Bulgakov. Rashin lafiya ya tsananta, abu don farkon mutuwa. Bulgakov mutu a Moscow a kan Maris 10, 1940 ne yanzu cikakken tarihinsa Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha, amma aikinsa ne m. da marubuci ta saura an binne shi a Novodevichy hurumi.

Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha, a takaice wannan labarin, muna fata, sa kuke so zama a sanin da aikinsa. Ayyukan wannan marubucin ne sosai ban sha'awa da kuma muhimmanci, don haka shi ne shakka daraja a karanta. Mikhail Bulgakov, biography da kerawa da ake karatu a makaranta - daya daga cikin mafi girma Rasha marubuta.