Chemical kaddarorin da alkaline duniya karafa. Amfani da alkaline duniya karafa. Jiki Properties na alkaline duniya karfe

La'akari da sinadaran Properties na da alkaline duniya karafa. Ƙayyade halaye na su tsari, samun, kasancewa a cikin yanayin, aikace-aikace.

A halin da ake ciki a cikin SS

Don ayyana farkon wuri na wadannan abubuwa a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur na Mendeleev. Suna located in na biyu kungiyar na babban subgroups. Wadannan sun hada da alli, strontium, radium, barium, magnesium, beryllium. Dukan su ne a kan m makamashi matakin ya ƙunshi biyu valence electrons. A general sharuddan, beryllium, magnesium da alkaline duniya karafa ne externally ns2 electrons. A sinadaran mahadi kamar yadda suka nuna da hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar +2. A lokacin da hulda da sauran abubuwa, da suka nuna rage Properties, bada electrons daga wani waje makamashi matakin.

canza Properties

Tare da kara core beryllium zarra, magnesium da alkaline duniya karafa bunkasa su ƙarfe Properties, tun akwai wata karuwa a cikin radius na kwayoyin halitta. Ka yi la'akari da jiki Properties na alkaline-duniya karafa. Beryllium ne a cikin al'ada jihar ne da karfe tare da karfe m luster. Shi yana da m kyakkyawan crystal raga. A lamba tare da oxygen, beryllium nan da nan ta samar da wani oxide film, game da shi, Munã rage ta reactivity, kafa matt shafi.

jiki Properties

Magnesium a matsayin mai sauki abu ne mai farin karfe kafa da oxide shafi a iska. Yana yana da wani kyakkyawan crystal raga.

Jiki Properties na alkaline duniya karafa alli, barium, strontium kama. Su wakiltar hankula karafa da silvery Sheen, rufe a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska oxygen yellowish fim. A alli da strontium fuska-tsakiya cubic raga, barium yana da jiki-tsakiya tsarin.

Chemistry alkaline duniya karfe dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa suna da wani ƙarfe yanayi na aminci. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka halin high lantarki da kuma zafi watsin. A yanayin zafi na narkewa da kuma tafasar maki mafi girma fiye da na Alkali karafa.

Hanyar ga shirye-shiryen

Beryllium samarwa a masana'antu sikelin ne da za'ayi ta rage na karfe fluoride. A yanayin da ya kwarara da sinadaran dauki ne preheating.

Ganin cewa a cikin yanayi da alkaline duniya karafa ne a cikin nau'i na mahadi don magnesium, strontium, alli hali electrolysis na melts na salts.

sinadaran Properties

Chemical kaddarorin da alkaline duniya karafa suna hade tare da bukatar kawar kafin su surface wani oxide film Layer. Yana da kayyade inertia daga wadannan karafa da ruwa. Alli, barium, strontium, a lokacin da narkewa a cikin ruwa don samar da hydroxides ya furta asali Properties.

Chemical kaddarorin da alkaline duniya karafa zaton su hulda da oxygen. Don dauki samfurin na barium peroxide ne, domin dukan sauran oxides kafa bayan dauki. Dukkan mambobi na wannan aji na oxides nuna asali Properties, kawai beryllium oxide amphoteric halayyar Properties.

Chemical kaddarorin da alkaline duniya karafa aka nuna da kuma a dauki tare da sulfur, halogen, nitrogen. Lokacin da dauki da wani acid rushe wadannan abubuwa ne kiyaye. Ganin cewa beryllium da dangantaka da amphoteric abubuwa, shi ne iya chemically amsa tare da alkalis.

ingantaccen halayen

Basic dabarbari na alkaline duniya karafa, kyan gani, a cikin shakka daga inorganic sunadarai dangantawa da salts. Don gane da membobin wannan aji a hade tare da sauran abubuwa, za ka iya amfani da ingantaccen shiba. Lokacin da ake ji da alkaline duniya karfe gishiri a barasa-fitilar harshen wuta, wutar batawa lura cations. strontium cation bada duhu ja ya dafa, da alli cation - orange da kuma kore sautin barium cation.

Don gane cation barium sulfate ingantaccen bincike ta amfani da anions. A sakamakon wannan dauki wani farin barium sulfate wanda insoluble a ma'adinai acid.

Radium ne rediyoaktif kashi cewa yana dauke a cikin yanayi a qananan yawa. Lokacin da martani magnesium da oxygen, akwai wani m flash. Wannan tsari ne da amfani ga wasu lokaci yayin da shan hotuna a duhu wurare. Yanzu maye gurbin magnesium flash zo tsarin lantarkin. The iyali na alkaline duniya karafa tana nufin beryllium, wanda aka mayar da martani tare da da yawa sunadarai. Alli da magnesium aluminum kamar wancan ne, zai iya mai da rare karafa kamar titanium, tungsten, molybdenum da niobium. Wadannan matakai domin samun karafa ake magana kaltsietermiey da magnietermiey.

Features na aikace-aikace

Mene ne amfani da alkaline duniya karafa? Alli da magnesium ake amfani da Manufacturing haske gami da kuma rare karafa.

Alal misali, magnesium yana kunshe ne a cikin abun da ke ciki na duralumin, da alli - a bangaren gubar gami amfani da shirya da na USB kwasfa da kuma samar da bearings. Yadu yi amfani da alkaline duniya karfe a cikin art a cikin nau'i na oxides. Slaked lemun tsami (alli oxide) da kuma hadayu magnesium (magnesium oxide) ana buƙatar domin gina kansu.

A dauki alli oxide da ruwa da aka saki gagarumin yawa na zafi. Slaked lemun tsami (alli hydroxide) da ake amfani da shiri. A farin dakatar da abu (madara daga lemun tsami) da ake amfani da sugar masana'antu domin aiwatar da tsarkakewa daga gwoza ruwan 'ya'yan itace.

Salts da karafa na biyu kungiyar

salts da magnesium, beryllium, alkaline duniya karafa iya shirya ta dauki tare da acid na Game da oxides. Chlorides, fluorides, iodides data abubuwa ne fari crystalline mahadi, kullum da narkewa a cikin ruwa. Daga cikin sulfates da solubility kawai magnesium da beryllium fili. Mun lura wani karu daga beryllium salts zuwa barium sulphate. Carbonates ne kusan insoluble a ruwa, ko da kadan solubility.

Sulfides na alkaline ƙasa abubuwa suna kunshe ne a cikin kananan yawa a cikin nauyi karafa. Idan ka aika da su zuwa ga haske, za ka iya samun wani launuka iri-iri. Sulfides suna kunshe a cikin luminescent qagaggun, kira phosphors. Aiwatar da wadannan launuka don ƙirƙirar luminous dials, zirga-zirga da ãyõyinMu.

Common mahadi alkaline duniya karafa

Alli carbonate ne mafi m kashi a bãyan ƙasa. Yana da wani ɓangare na mahadi kamar farar ƙasa, marmara, alli. Daga gare su, da farko yi amfani da shi ne farar ƙasa. Wannan ma'adinai ne ba makawa a yi, an dauki wani kyakkyawan ginin dutse. Haka kuma, ba mahadi inorganic quicklime da slaked lemun tsami, gilashin da sumunti.

A amfani da farar ƙasa tsakuwa taimaka wa hanya, amma saboda foda iya rage acidity na kasar gona. Halitta alli ne harsashi mafi tsufa dabbobi. Wannan fili da ake amfani da yi na roba, takarda, samar da makaranta crayons.

Marmara bukatar daga gine-ginen, sculptors. An yi marmara da aka halitta da yawa musamman ayyukan Michelangelo. Sashe na daga cikin tashoshin na Moscow Metro aka liyi tare da marmara tiles. Magnesium carbonate da ake amfani a manyan yawa a cikin yi da tubali, sumunti, gilashin. Yana da ake bukata a cikin metallurgical masana'antu domin kau da sharar gida dutse.

alli sulfate dauke da sauƙi a cikin nau'i na gypsum (alli sulphate crystalline) da ake amfani a yi masana'antu. A magani, da fili da ake amfani da samar da kyawon tsayuwa, kuma don samar da gypsum bandages.

Stucco (gypsum hemihydrate) ta dauki tare da ruwa ta 'yanta babban yawa na zafi. Haka kuma an yi amfani da masana'antu.

Epsom gishiri (magnesium sulfate), a yi amfani da magani a matsayin laxative. Wannan abu yana da wani m dandano, aka same shi a cikin seawater.

"Barite porridge" (barium sulfate) ba narkewa a cikin ruwa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wannan gishiri da ake amfani a Radiology. Gishiri riqe da X-haskoki da za su iya gane cututtuka na gastrointestinal fili.

A abun da ke ciki na phosphate dutse (rock) da alli phosphate ne apatite. Suna bukatar su samar da alli mahadi: oxides, hydroxides.

Alli taka rayayyun kwayoyin halitta na musamman muhimmancin. Yana da wannan ƙarfe yana da muhimmanci ga gina kashi kwarangwal. Alli ions ake bukata domin gyara na zuciya, kara jini clotting. Rashin shi sa a matsalar aiki na samfur na juyayi tsarin, asarar coagulation, asarar ikon mika kullum ci gaba da dama abubuwa.

Domin kauce wa matsalar lafiya, kowace rana kamata cinye game 1.5 grams na alli. Babban matsalar ta'allaka ne da cewa ga jiki sha 0.06 grams na alli kamata ci 1 gram na mai. Matsakaicin adadin karfe kunshe ne a cikin latas, faski, gida cuku, cuku.

ƙarshe

Duk da wakilan da na biyu kungiyar na lokaci-lokaci tebur na babban subgroup da ake bukata domin rayuwa da kuma aiki na zamani da mutum. Alal misali, magnesium ne stimulator na tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki. Yana dole ne ba a cikin m nama, jini, kashi, hanta. Magnesium ne wani aiki takara da kuma photosynthesis a tsirrai, kamar yadda yana da wani ɓangare na chlorophyll. Ƙasusuwansu ne game da daya-biyar daga cikin jimlar nauyi. Wannan suke dauke da alli da magnesium. Oxides, alkaline duniya karfe salts sun samu daban-daban aikace-aikace a yi masana'antu, pharmaceutics da kuma magani.