Cinema India: tarihin halitta da kuma ci gaban

Ko da ba ka taba ganin Indian fina-finai, da kalmar "Bollywood" nan da nan mutumi ne da ubangijinsa up images of kwazazzabo, mai haske kuma canza launin fina-finan harbe a m wurare, inda dukkan ma'ana dance kuma raira waƙa. Amma abin da yake da tarihi na halitta da kuma ci gaban Indian cinema? Kuma da masana'antu ne girma zuwa zama daya daga cikin mafi iko da kuma financially riba a cikin masana'antu na kasar?

gabatarwar

Kwararru da yawa saba a kan daidai definition da kalmar "Bollywood". Duk da haka, da kama in sharuddan ne: "Bollywood" - yana mai iko fim a Mumbai, inda fim da farko in Hindi, tare da m dance scene da songs. Yana ba rufe dukan fim a Indiya, kawai 20% na jimlar film samarwa kasar. Bollywood - yana da ba wani salo film, yana da masana'antu da dama kwatance.

A tarihin Indian cinema Dates baya ga karni na sha tara. A 1896, na farko fina-finai da aka yin fim da aka nuna a cikin Lumière 'yan'uwa a Mumbai (Bombay).

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa a lokacin da Harishchandra Sakharam da aka sani da "har yanzu photo" umurni da wata kyamara daga Ingila, cewa ya yi da fim "Champions" a cikin rataye gõnaki na Mumbai. Shi ne mai sauki yaki rikodin cewa nan da sannu nuna a 1899, ya fara da za a gani na farko "motsi" fina-finai a Indiya fim.

Cinema India: tarihi

Mahaifin Indian cinema ne dauke Dadasaheda Falke, wanda saki duniya na farko cikakken tsawon alama fim "Raja Harischandra" a 1913. Wannan shi ne na farko Indian film nuna a London a shekara ta 1914. Silent hoton wani runaway samu nasara.

Dadasahed ya ba kawai wani m amma kuma wani darektan, screenwriter, cinematographer, edita, kuma ko da sa-up artist. A lokacin daga 1913 zuwa 1918, ya jagoranci da kuma iko a kan harbi 23 fina-finan.

Da farko, ci gaban Indian cinema bai faruwa kamar yadda sauri kamar yadda a Hollywood. New film samarwa kamfanonin fara bayyana a cikin 1920s. Zane-zane dangane da mythological da kuma tarihin asali da aukuwa daga Mahabharata da Ramayana, ya fara mamaye a cikin 20s. Amma India masu kallo fiye da maraba da 'yan bindiga.

Ƙarshen "shiru zamanin"

A farko Indian sauti film "Alam Ara" da aka yi kariya a Bombay a 1931. Musical darektan a kan sa wannan hoto da aka Hirose Shah gudanar ya rubuta na farko song "De De Khuda" by BM Khan. Cinema India ta "shigo" wani sabon zamanin.

Bayan da cewa, da dama fim kamfanoni sun nemi a kara Indian film samar. 328 zane-zane da aka cire a shekarar 1931. Wannan shi ne sau uku fiye da a 1927 - 107 Prime. A wannan lokaci, kuma ya karu da yawan cinemas kuma auditoriums.

Daga 1930 zuwa 1940, a kan mataki, akwai da yawa shahararren Figures na India cinema: Debaki Bose, Chetan Anand, Bashan, Nitin Bose da sauransu.

yankin fina-finan

A wannan lokacin, ba kawai m Hindi fina-finai. A yankin fim ya kuma yi da kansa iri. A farko Bengali film "Nal Damyanti" tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Italian a cikin gubar matsayin, masu kallo suka ga a 1917. A hoto da aka snapped Dzhayotish Sarkar.

A shekara ta 1919 ya aka featured m Kudu India alama fim mai taken "kechak vadham".

A cikin fim "Kaliya Mardan" yar Dadasaheda Falke shi ne na farko yaro na "taurari", wanda taka rawar da Krishna ta yaro a 1919.

Sound fim a Bengali "Jamai Shashti" da aka nuna a shekarar 1931 (samar da "Madan Gidajen Silima").

Baya daga Bengali da kuma Kudu India harsuna, yankin da fina-finan da aka ma sanya a wasu harsuna: Oriya, Punjabi, Marathi, Harshen Assam da sauransu. "Aethedzha Raja" shi ne na farko Marathi film sanya a 1932. Wannan hoto da aka sanya a Hindi da kuma jawo hankalin mafi mutane su duba.

A haihuwa da "sabon zamanin"

History of Cinema a Indiya ne kusan ci gaba a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. A haihuwa na zamani Indian fim ya wuce tun shekarar 1947. Wannan lokaci da aka alama ta muhimmanci da kuma m canje a cikin harbi na fina-finai. Famous yan fim Satyat Ray kuma Bimal Roy sanya zane-zane da aka mayar da hankali a kan al'amurran da suka shafi rayuwa da kullum wahala da mutane daga cikin ƙananan aji.

Tarihi da kuma mythological batutuwa janye a cikin bango, da kuma zamantakewa da fina-finan sun zo mamaye masana'antar. Suna dogara ne a kan jigogi kamar karuwanci, polygamy da sauran doka ayyukan, wanda aka yadu circulated a India. Cinema da aka nuna da kuma Allah wadai da irin wannan ayyukan.

A shekarar 1960 da gudanarwa ritvik Çatak, Mrinal Sen da sauransu sun fi mayar da hankali a kan real matsaloli na kowa mutum. Da dama sanannun fina-finan da aka harbe a kan wadannan batutuwa, wanda a yarda "to yanke fitar da wani musamman alkuki" a Indiya fim.

A tsakiyar karni na ashirin da aka dauke da "zinariya shekaru" a cikin tarihin na India cinema. Sai a wannan lokaci ya fara girma da shahararsa na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo: Guru Dutt, Radzh Kapur, Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Madhubala, Nargis, Nutan, Dev Anand, Waheeda Rehman da sauransu.

Bollywood - da majagaba na "masala" movie

A shekarar 1970 movie "masala" ta bayyana a Bollywood. The masu sauraro da aka fascinated da mesmerized ta Aura na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar Rajesh Khanna, Darmendra, Sandzhiv Kumar, Hema Malini. An yi imani da cewa wanda ya kafa halittar masala fina-finan sun shahara da cin nasara darektan, Manmohan Desai. Ya sau da yawa jãyayya da cewa da gaske yake so mutane su manta da baƙin ciki, suka tafi a cikin duniyar mafarki, inda a can ne babu talauci.

"Shola" - wani m film da umarni Ramesh ya shigar da kara, ba kawai samu amincewar kasashen duniya, amma kuma sanya Amitabh Bachchan 'SuperStar'.

Da dama mace gudanarwa (Meera Nair, Aparna Sen) sun nuna basirar da a 1980. Ta yaya za mu iya manta da m kuma cikakke kinotvortse Rekha, wanda ya kashe da ban mamaki fim "Umrao Jaan" a 1981?

A cikin shekarun 1990s ya zama mashahuri irin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo: Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Madhuri Dixit, Aamir Khan, Chawla, Chiranjeevi da sauransu. Wadannan kwararru suna neman sababbin hanyoyin da aka fi raya cinema na India. Tarihi ba zai manta da a 2008, wanda ya zama alama ga Bollywood - Rahman lashe wani Oscar biyu awards ga mafi soundtrack na movie "Slumdog ance."

kishin kasa

Ci gaba saba da India cinema, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa akwai huɗu da babban al'amurran da cewa taimaka a more yanzu dangantaka "Indiya - cinema": kishin kasa, yin katsalandan, da kuma music nau'o'i. Ka yi la'akari da wadannan batutuwa a more daki-daki.

A wani wuri mataki na ci gaba da masana'antu da yawa daga cikin manyan Figures na Bollywood zabi aka sanya domin yin amfani da Hindi a matsayin manyan a Indiya da fina-finan. Me ya sa haka? Lalle ne, a Indiya magana daruruwan harsuna, da kuma Hindi ba ko da ya fi kowa daga gare su. Ya zama "shugaba" kamar yadda Hindi - a shopping yare cewa san wani babban bangare na al'ummar.

Wani halayyar al'umma guda a Indiya Bollywood film music ne eclectic. Tun daga farko, sautuka halitta fina-finai, a hada daban-daban styles kasar.

The uku halayyar - wani "duniya" na fina-finai a Indiya, wanda zai iya aure Musulmi da mabiya addinin Hindu ko Kirista, da kuma mutane daga daban-daban na zamantakewa azuzuwan a cimma gagarumar nasara a rayuwa. Yana da muhimmanci a ce cewa da dama daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Indian fina-finan da aka dauke da cewa muhimman hakkokin Indian fim ya zama da key zuwa nan gaba 'yancin kasar daga Birtaniya.

katsalandan

Lokacin da cinema na India tana karkashin Birtaniya jagoranci, ba shi yiwuwa a ce hada da wasu batutuwa a cikin fina-finai. Amma bayan da} asar ta samu 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya, yin katsalandan da ya zo wasa babbar rawa a cikin style na fina-finai.

Don nuna jima'i aka tsananin haramta, kuma wani? Ata jiki lamba (ko da sumbatan). Saboda haka, "jiki harshe" da hali gaba daya maye gurbin wadanda abubuwa da ya zama na kullum. A yarda ne kawai wani haske touch kafadu tsakanin biyu romantic heroes kuma riƙe mutane kusa da juna ba tare da m. A tattaunawa ma nuna diyya na asarar da na jima'i. Masu kallo kawai bukatar don amfani da su fahimtar.

nau'o'i

A tarihin Indian cinema (ban sha'awa facts game da shi ake gabatar a kasa) ya nuna cewa yin katsalandan kuma gudummawar da halittar da dama nau'o'i na musamman zuwa Bollywood. Domin shekaru masu yawa, a lokacin da akwai wani yaki tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan, a cikin fina-finai da aka hana ambaci shi. Maqiyan ba za a iya kira bisa ga sunayensu.

A banbanci a kan fim don taimaka wa gwamnatin kasar: an yi imani da cewa jama'a bukatar nuna ne kawai cewa zai shafi ta siyasa da kuma zamantakewa na gaba. Bugu da kari, har ma da dokokin soma, wanda ake zargin cewa nuni yanayin haruffa a fina-finan da ya kamata a yi amfani ne kawai ga gargajiya music of Arewa India.

Da rashin jituwa tsakanin gwamnatin da kuma fim ya ci gaba har 1998, kafin tallafi na umurnin a kan m ci gaban masana'antu.

music

Music - wannan shi ne abin da da yawa masu kallo kira da fassara halayyar Bollywood fina-finan. Kuma wannan shi ne haƙĩƙa gaskiya ne! Musical darektan (as ake magana a kai a cikin Indian film composers) to a zahiri tunani game da wajibcin songs a cikin fina-finan, ba kamar yadda amince bisa manufa, suka bi da su kamar yadda sauki da kuma undisputed mulki.

Music - wannan ɓangare na movie, kazalika da kayayyaki. Mahimmanci, qagaggun mãsu halittawa kada ka nemi inganta halittun. Sun shine su ci gaba m gabatar da labarin daga cikin masu sauraro.

Home gaskiya: da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a movie ba raira waƙa, kuma wannan ke nunawa suna raira murya da dama haruffa. Duk da haka, India da aka dauke su a biyu yardarsa zuwa dubi da kuma sauraron mafi kyau actor fi so singer.

A mafi wuya ga halittawa daga cikin movie aka harbe music scene. Kowane darektan aka ƙoƙarin a hanyoyi daban-daban fim da songs daga movie. Sai ya zama haka rare cewa ko da a yau 80% na dukkan Indian fina-finai suna harbe a kan wani "sake kunnawa da music productions."

Ban sha'awa facts daga tarihi na India cinema

A fim a Indiya - na musamman da masana'antu. Saboda haka, akwai wasu m al'amurran mana. Bari ta la'akari da su:

1. Daukaka Premier. Mutane da yawa m fina-finai da aka nuna a kan wasu sharudda. Alal misali, babban blockbusters "saki" kawai a lokacin babban bikin girmama na karshen Ramadan, kuma a lokacin kashe-kakar wasan kurket cinema kamar "mutu fita."

2. "Yana duk zo saukar zuwa iyali." Cinema Indiya domin ta tarihi, kai babban burin - don saka iyali farko a cikin rãyuwar kowane mutum. A fim na West cewa "fariya" iya ba.

3. Indian "Oscar". Bollywood na da version of lambar yabo - shi Filmfar Evords, wanda yana da wani dangane da dandani na sauraro. More muhimmanci - a wani bikin gabatar da lambar yabo ga "Best Game".

4. "layi daya cinema". Mutane da yawa magoya na India fina-finai ne ba ma sane da cewa Indiya ba kawai cire hoton na tsarkakewa da kuma dancing. Wasu 'yan fim, da aka sani da "layi daya yan fim," tsunduma a yin fim "tsanani cinema." Alal misali, a 1998 ya zo cikin film "Dil Se", inda protagonist yayi Magana game da wuya siyasa halin da ake ciki a duniya.

ƙarshe

Cinema Indiya (photos tare da mafi kyau scenes aka nuna a sama) ya zama wani ɓangare na rayuwarmu ta kullum, ko shi da wani movie, ko da wani yanki hoto na Bollywood. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'umma. Duk da cewa "fun" ne key kalma na India cinema, da labarin yana da amfani effects a kan tunani da kuma sani da masu sauraro.

A cikin tarihi na India fina-finan cigaban daga ingantattun kyamarori zuwa tace dabaru. Fasaha ci gaba da fadada da kerawa na yan fim. Duk da haka, ci gaba da bai iya wuce al'adu dabi'u na India. Kuma shi ke nan lafiya!