Cobalt - shi ne da wani sinadari. Cobalt a cikin mutane

An talakawa mutum ba a hade tare da sunadarai da kuma magani, a matsayin mai mulkin, shi ne vaguely cobalt darajar domin su rayuwa da kuma kiwon lafiya. Wani dalilin da ya sa muka ga ya wuya a bayyana abin da cobalt - shi ne shi ramammu rarraba a yanayi. Just 0,004% - wannan shi ne abin da ke a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi. Duk da haka, da karfe, kuma ta mahadi an rayayye amfani da masana'antu, da aikin noma da kuma magani. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu fadada da hangen nesa daga cikin rawar da cobalt a cikin masana'antar, kazalika da mayar da hankali a kan ta ayyuka a cikin jikin mutum.

Wajen da rabi a cikin lokaci-lokaci tsarin

Abin da wuri a cikin lokaci-lokaci tsarin bautarka cobalt? Kadarorin da sunadarai abubuwa, ciki har da karfe kafin mu, ya dogara ne a kan matsayin su, a D. I. Mendeleeva tebur. Ana amfani da wa kungiyar Sabunta (a short form tebur - a cikin baƙin ƙarfe triad kungiyar Sabunta). Kamar yadda na baƙin ƙarfe ne da nickel a karshe zarra makamashi matakin ne biyu electrons, na nuna cewa da karfe na ga d-abubuwa da kuma kayyade ta asali halaye. Da karfe yana da wani valence na biyu - II kuma III. Domin shi ne kuma hankula sabon abu allotropes, karfe gyare-gyare iya samun cubic ko kyakkyawan tsari.

Mene ne cobalt?

Mene ne jiki Properties na wani kashi? A bayyanar shi ne wani karfe da ciwon high taurin kuma Magnetic Properties. Silvery Sheen, ductility kuma thermal kwanciyar hankali - a nan ne wasu daga cikin jiki ãyõyin wani kashi muhimmi a cikin rijiyar da biyu ɗayan daga makwabta a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur - nickel da iron. Babu oxygen kuma ruwa bai yi aiki a kan cobalt a talakawa zazzabi. Its mahadi, msl, smalt, da aka sani tun lokacin da matsayin abubuwa amfani ga blue akwai gilashi kuma kala yumbu kayayyakin.

Cobalt - shi ne wani hali karfe, ta sinadaran Properties kama da na baƙin ƙarfe. Mene ne fasali na ta oxides, da kwasfansu, da salts?

A mahadi divalent da trivalent cobalt

Da ikon samar da hadaddun salts - babban alama na Co kwayoyin halitta (III). Wadannan abubuwa ne m, da daidaituwa yawan cobalt a su ne ko da yaushe daidaita shida. Bã su da wani babban oxidative iya aiki. Average salts, msl, CoCL ₃ ko Co ₂ (SO _{4) 3} ne sauƙi canza kama zuwa wani gishiri a cikin abin da cobalt - wannan shi ne wani divalent karfe. Anhydrous ta mahadi da blue color, da kuma crystalline hydrates da mafita - m. A bambanci zuwa wasu sansanonin, trivalent cobalt hydroxide ta dauki tare da wani acid chloride Forms gishiri da kuma ba da ruwa, kuma tana zaɓar gare wani free chlorine. A tushe divalent karfe a matsayin shudi precipitate samu ta hanyar kai tsaye dauki na daidai gishiri da wani Alkali. Ga halayyar kaddarorin da cobalt da ke cikin m mafita daga karfe juna - gami.

Yana bada kayan kwarai fasaha sigogi na jure high yanayin zafi, taurin, da juriya ga abrasion da kuma lalata. Gami dauke da cobalt an yi amfani da tsaro masana'antu da kuma a cikin sinadaran roka fasahar rufaffiyar madauki. A samar da kayan aiki steels, kayan da Magnetic Properties matsayin dopant ana amfani cobalt. Halayyar Properties na irin wannan baƙin ƙarfe gami shi ne quite daban-daban daga al'ada maki na bakin karfe, dauke da kawai chromium ko nickel.

Amfani da cobalt a cikin art

Game da na uku da dukan karfe samar a cikin duniya ke samar da cermets - wucin gadi kumshin kayan. M support cikinta ne tungsten carbide da m, da kuma kayyade bangaren abubuwa cobalt. Shi ne kuma dabarun abu don samar da inji mai farfela injuna a jirgin sama.

The m karfe ne ma ba a amfani da, amma yin amfani da cobalt matsayin wata cakuda da wasu abubuwa (da baƙin ƙarfe, da jan karfe, tungsten da chromium) da aka rarraba shi ko'ina a daban-daban da masana'antu. Stellite gami dauke da har zuwa 60% cobalt, yana da high zafi juriya da kuma taurin, shi ne wani muhimmin abu domin Manufacturing yankan kayan aikin da rawar soja ragowa a kayan aiki shawara. Irin wannan alloying abubuwa kamar tungsten da molybdenum, bunkasa da halaye. Vitalium gami da ciwon high jure roba nakasawa, kuma ya ƙunshi cobalt. Halayyar Properties na fili ne kamar haka: zafi-resistant da kuma acid-resistant, amfani a yi da sunadarai kayan aiki: kira ginshikan, fractionation raka'a. Da muhimmancin da gami a magance daban-daban iri lalata, irin wannan sassa da kuma sunadaren sanya na stellite, tsayayya ƙasƙanci a vibrational inji ƙungiyoyi da kuma gogayya saman a ciki konewa injuna.

Hanyar da shiri na cobalt

Daban-daban da masana'antu na bukatar da yin amfani da kayan dauke da cobalt. Wannan qara ores da ma'adanai, wato cobalt shpeysa da kuma sheki. A abun da ke ciki na wadannan duwatsu kuma sun hada da arsenic, shi ya tilasta da yin amfani da heightened tsaro a smelting tsari. Ainihin hanyar shirye-shiryen da cobalt - pyrometallurgy kuma yana amfani da wani hanya domin aiki tama sulphate acid. A mafi alamar rahama ne adibas na silicate da oxide ores, pyrite da pentlandite a kasar Sin, Rasha (da Kola Larabawa, a cikin Jamhuriyar Tuva da Krasnoyarsk ƙasa), kazalika da a Canada.

karfe amfani da aikin noma da kuma magani

Wasu muhimmanci Properties mallaki microelement cobalt, sauƙaƙe da aikace-aikace, misali, zuwa kara a cikin amfanin gona vegetative taro. A alfalfa, lupine, Clover da sauran m forage ciyawa Leguminous iyali, shi ne kunshe a cikin nitrogen kam enzymatic halayen faruwa via nodule kwayoyin. Masana ƙarara bayyana ta bayyanar cututtuka irin su discoloration na lamina da kuma asarar da ikon photosynthesize, inda hakan da ci gaban tafiyar matakai da kuma take hakkin dukan ci gaban sake zagayowar da shuka. Wuce kima cobalt abun ciki yiwu saboda take hakkin dokokin yin micronutrients. Tun lokacin da mahadi sosai narkewa a cikin ruwa, za su nan da nan shigar da xylem da conductive abubuwa (fibrovascular daure) ya fada cikin mesophyll takardar, haddasa discoloration da Fading. Mai kula da wuce haddi alama kashi hatsi: hatsi, sha'ir, shinkafa.

Biochemistry na da rawar da cobalt mahadi

Branch of ilmin halitta da karatu da mai rai al'amari a cikin kwayoyin da salula matakin, ya kafa wani muhimmin aiki na sinadari. Yana da wani ɓangare na ba-furotin na ilimin aiki abubuwa - enzymes da kuma ji ba gani. Alal misali, cobalt a jikin mutum shi ne a thyroxine kwayoyin samar da thyroid gland shine yake da kuma na rayuwa tsara matakai. Wani m hormone cewa shirya jini jini glucose - insulin. An secreted da β-Kwayoyin na tun fil azal, na Langerhans na pancreas da kuma daukar wani cobalt fili. Ƙarancin ci kashi a adam Kwayoyin da gabobin lura lokacin miƙa mulki daga gauraye ciyar ga cin ganyayyaki, yayin da tsutsa infestations da cututtuka na narkewa kamar tsarin. Kamar yadda ka gani, cobalt - shi ne mai alama kashi, tsanani shafi matakin homeostasis a cikin jikin mutum.

Tamanin da sinadari a cikin metabolism

Jini, bargo kwashe ya auku tare da sa hannu na cobalt abubuwa - activators Game da enzymes. Daya daga cikin manyan B bitamin - tsiankobolamin (V _12), musharaka cikin samuwar ja jini Kwayoyin a cikin hematopoietic gabobin, kare da anemia. Proper da kuma daidaita cin abincin nasu hada da hanta, da naman sa, abincin teku, apricots, beets, zai samar da zama dole matakin na cobalt a jikin mutum (kamar 40 MG da rana), kuma za su hana shi daga cututtuka na rigakafi, zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da kuma endocrine tsarin.