County na Ingila - hadisai da peculiarities na administrative rabo daga cikin kasar.

Ingila, UK - wadannan Concepts ga duniya ne misalta hadisin. M riko ga kafa ayyuka a cikin zaman kansu da kuma a bainar jama'a a hanya, ko da shi ya dubi tsaoho kuma Yanã fitar da damuwa - shi yawanci Birtaniya hali. County na Ingila - shi ne guda bayani dalla-dalla a cikin administrative rabo daga cikin kasar, a matsayin kore Sterling a cikin monetary tsarin ko pints da kuma galan a juz'i na matakan. Kamar yadda Birtaniya daular mulkinsu kanta, wannan rabo tsarin ya ci gaba a sakamakon da dogon tarihi, kuma ga alama bin al'adu da tabbacin inviolability da ikon Birtaniya jihar.

A tarihin kundin tsarin mulki na Ingila

A rabo a cikin raba yankunan da suke da na kowa administrative, shari'a, da sojoji da kuma kudi tsarin da aka dogara ne a kan wuraren da mutum tribal kungiyoyin da yana da nasa tushen da baya ƙarni. Mutane da yawa na yau lakabi kananan hukumomi na Ingila ne na zamanin d asalin. A hankali wadannan yankunan dauki siffar a cikin nau'i na dũkiyarku na zuwa da mutum daya - da count.

By lokacin da samuwar da Turanci mulkin gargajiya jihar - IX-X ƙarni - wadannan yankunan dabam ne m mulkokin (kamar Sussex da Essex), duchies (kamar Yorkshire, Cornwall da Lancashire), ko kuma kawai hereditary mãkirci (Berkshire). Daga baya shiga cikin kenan Anglo-Saxon mulkokin Ingila riƙe su County iyaka, karbi matsayin mai mulki ba hereditary m, kuma Ubangijin Lieutenant nada m monarch. Domin administrative, soja da kuma tattalin arziki manufa na rabo na zartarwa kara da cewa: zabe ƙa'ida a farko na 'yan majalisu da aka rarraba kan rarraba ƙasar a cikin tarihi County.

Shire, County

Asalin da Turanci nadi na administrative gundumomi na sauran a matsayin kari na baya baki -shir gargajiya sunayen - Lancashire, Yorkshire, Derbyshire da sauransu -. Very haihuwa. Shi da ke mayar da tsohon Jamus scira, wanda ya darajar kusa da ma'anonin "kula", "management" da sauransu. D. County na Ingila, da ciwon a cikin sunan kari na baya baki -shir, yanzu zauna kadan fiye da rabin ƙasar zamani Ingila, tare da irin wannan derivation kiyaye yadu a yi amfani da tsohon Birtaniya mazauna - Australia da kuma Amurka.

Ko a lokacin da samuwar wani kenan mulki ya ci gaba kula da tsarin, ceton da waje fasali da kuma zuwa yanzu lokaci: da shugaban gundumar Ingila - Ubangiji Lieutenant, jagorancin jikinsu wajen yin shari'a ikon, kazalika da 'yan sanda da masu tilasta doka da ayyuka - Sheriff. A cikin shakka daga m gyara, yankin da kuma aikin ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa da dama iri administrative raka'a da ciwon doka fasali, fahimta cewa quite wuya a farko.

County a matsayin wani ɓangare na yankin

A babba matakin administrative-yankin raka'a Ingila - yankuna, ya gabatar a 1994, a bisa gayyatar da gwamnatin, wanda aka jagorancin Dzhon Meydzhor. A total na 9:

• West Midlands.
• Kudu Gabas Ingila.
• South West England.
• Arewa West England.
• North East England.
• Yorkshire da Humber.
• East Midlands.
• Gabas na Ingila.
• Greater London.

A daidai da majalisu yi na 1997, da ake kira "dokar Leytenantstve" England ƙasa ne zuwa kashi 48 kananan hukumomi kira a bikin, watau, da ciwon gangarawa nada sarauniya Iyayengiji -.... Gwamnonin, sheriffs, da dai sauransu suna da irin wannan, misali, da most County a Ingila - Arewa Yorkshire.

Wasu daga cikin wadannan sifofi hada biyu da sauran iri: Metropolitan, halitta a kan tushen da manyan birane (manyan birane), da kuma nemetropolitenskie - da ciwon a cikin abun da ke ciki na dama gundumomi ko gundumomi da su kai-gudanarwa. Magana zuwa šauki da kuma kananan hukumomi da dama abokai cewa ba su da karami ƙungiya division da kuma hana su gudanarwa da ministoci da Margaret Thatcher a shekarar 1986.

bukukuwan County

Wadannan muhimman kayan administrative Ingila na'urar in ba haka ba ya kira gwamna, leftana, ko yankuna (Lieutenancy yanki), da kuma - unofficially - yanayin kananan hukumomi. An muhimmanci da kuma zamanin da wani ɓangare na da ganewa ne dasu ba na makamai da kuma flags na kananan hukumomi na Ingila, halitta a kan tushen da heraldic alamu na tsakiyar zamanai.

Wadannan yankunan - da kuma most County a Ingila, North Yorkshire, kuma mafi karami - London City - zama tushen da rabo daga cikin ƙasar a kan 48 akwatin gidan yankuna suna da nasu lambobin, da cewa facilitates aikin na Royal Mail.

County karamar hukuma

Yau a Birtaniya akwai 6 Metropolitan kananan hukumomi - Metropolitan gundumar, halitta a kan tushen mafi girma a birane ƙauyuka:

1. Greater Manchester, gina a kusa da eponymous birni.
2. Merseyside - Liverpool a kusa da.
3. Kudancin Yorkshire - kudancin Yorkshire - tare da cibiyar na Sheffield.
4. Tyne da Wear - Newcastle a kusa da.
5. West Midlands - West Midlens ciki har da Birmingham, kungiyar Wolverhampton da Coventry.
6. West Yorkshire (West Yorkshire) daga tsakiyar Leeds.

County na da irin wannan - da "sabuwar dabara" na majalisar na M. Thatcher. Suna da dama karami administrative raka'a - gundumomi da kuma kananan hukumomi da su m gwamnatoci. Greater London - ilimi, yana da matsayi na musamman, a cikinsa wani takamaiman kula da tsarin.

Nemetropolitenskie County

28 bukukuwan kananan hukumomi, daga gare su - duk da kari na baya baki -shir a cikin suna, kazalika da Gabas Sussex, Devon, Dorset, Cumbria, West Sussex, Kent, Norfolk, Suffolk, Somerset, Surrey da Essex, suna da matsayi na nemetropolitenskih, cewa an hada da dama gundumomi, amma tare da guda kai-hukumar mulki - da janar gundumar majalisa (sai Berkshire).

Wadannan tsoho sunayen cewa sauti kamar music for anglophile - personification na wannan zamanin da kuma babbar al'umma. Sun kawo tuna photo kananan hukumomi na Ingila, ta yankuna daban-daban, inda a can ne sarari da kuma na zamani birnin, wanda ya} unshi jajircewar da latest nasarori da wayewa, patriarchal da untouched shimfidar wurare, NUNA da kula hali na Birtaniya da musamman yanayin kasar su.