Dara player Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich: biography, nasarori da kuma ban sha'awa facts

A cikin watan Yuni 2016 a tamanin da shekara shida da rai bar Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy. Nasara a dara kwamitin - ba kawai abu ne da aka sani ya a kasar. Man wuya rabo, ya zama daya daga cikin "majalisar" wanda ya kalubalanci duka Soviet tsarin, ya zama siyasa yaƙi don yin yaki domin dara kambi. Abin da aka yanzu da aka sani game da wannan mutumin?

wuya yara

Haifi Victor Korchnoi - Maris 23, 1931. Wurin haihuwa - birni na Leningrad. Mahaifansa biyu saki jim kadan bayan haihuwarsa, da kuma cikin rayuwar 6 sau kai ƙarar sama da wurin zama na yaro. Uwar sa'an nan kokarin kai wa ɗansa, uban ya komo, ambatawa rashin kudi. A sakamakon haka, saurayin ya ciyar da yara a iyalin gidan mahaifinsa, wanda ya mutu a gaban a cikin shekarar farko na yaki. A kan Hauwa'u na Leo Merkurevich ya yi kokarin aika da dansa ga kõrar ba, amma mahaifiyar ɗauki ɗan yaron da mayar da su zuwa Birnin Leningrad. Ya aka kawo a cikin wani iyali na ta uwar rana Rosa Abramovna, da sanin da azabar da kewaye. Goma sha-shekara yaron ya tafi zuwa ga Neva River ga ruwa, shawo kan wani harin bom da kusan kilomita.

Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, biography wanda aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, a cikin littattafai, da Yaren mutanen Poland-Yahudawa zuri'a. Yaren mutanen Poland zumunta na uba bai iya tsira da matsananci kawancen. Ya kuma taimaka cewa Abramovna Rosa yi aiki a alewa factory. Duk da wannan, a cikin shekarar 1942 zai je asibiti tare da wani ganewar asali "degeneration."

jarrabawa da dara

Viktor Korchnoi har yanzu an makaranta, wanda biography aka gaya a cikin labarin ya zama interested in dara. Kuma a shekarar 1947, ya zama da Tarayyar Soviet Zakaran a cikin shekaru kungiyar. Success wahayi, da kuma a shekara ta 1956 da saurayi aka ciyar da su GM. A a layi daya, ya sauke karatu daga tarihin baiwa na Leningrad State University, amma ba a rana ba ya ciyar a cikin sana'a. Dara cika dukan ransa.

A shekara ta 1957, a Gagra da ya sadu da Isabella Margaryan, dalibi a IISS. Ta yi wani irin rabo: iyayenta saki, bayan da ta kawo har da mahaifinsa. Da farko, wata yarinya ta ta kunyatar da courtship Korchnoi, saboda yana a lokacin ba sosai fashionably ado, amma nan da nan gane a shi da wani mai hankali da kuma ban sha'awa mutum kuma amince da su aure. Ba da da ewa biyu da wani ɗa, Igor.

A shekarar 1960, Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich zama zakara na Tarayyar Soviet. Da shi shi ne na biyu mafi muhimmanci bayan da lakabi na zakara na duniya, saboda Soviet dara School mamaye kasa da kasa fagen fama. Wannan kusan ta atomatik ya ba da lakabi na girmama Master of Sports na Tarayyar Soviet. A duniya jagora a lokacin da aka Mikhail Botvinnik, amma a gasar ta karfi sosai a kasar. Korchnoi uku mafi zai zama da nasara da Tarayyar Soviet - a 1962, 1964 da kuma 1970, bi da bi.

Rayuwa a cikin Soviet dara 'yan wasa

A farko, Victor Korchnoi dukan shirya: a cikin shekaru 29 da ya riga ya mai 2-daki Apartment, a mota. Duk da haka, a shekaru 33 Na yi hadari tare da zirga-zirga da 'yan sanda mota da kuma a baya da dabaran daina zama. Abu da aka bayar, saboda daga 1954, ya accrued wani m albashi. A duniya, ta hanyar, shi aka tabbatar da cewa wani kwararren wasanni a kasar ba, don haka GMs dangana ga wasu irin sana'a. Alal misali, Petrosyan aka dauke a Falsafa, da kuma Anatoly Karpov - tattalin arziki.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich da Efimom Petrovichem Gellerom sau daya bayan da tawagar gasar a West Germany (1965) ya tafi daya daga cikin kananan garuruwa da aiki. Sai suka kira su wasanni da kuma simul. A lokacin tafiya na Rasha-magana da 'yan wasan sun gana da mutumin da ya miƙa a Turanci Korchnoi su zauna a Jamus. Amma a lokacin GM ba su ma yi la'akari da yiwuwar barin kasar, saboda haka a hankali ki da tayin.

Sanadin ƙaura

Akwai version, bayyana ta Korchnoi, cewa muhimmiyar rawa a kore shi daga ƙasar buga wani tsohon zakara na duniya Tigran Petrosian. Lokacin wasan 'yan takara a Odessa (1974) akwai wani tsanani ya faru tsakanin biyu, saboda wanda Petrosian ki ci gaba da gasar.

Yana da al'ada na nervously tugging kafa, wanda Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich koka ga hukunci. Petrosian, bi da bi, da ake zargi da tsohon aboki cewa ya zargin harba shi a karkashin tebur, sai ya ki ya ci gaba da gwagwarmaya tare da preponderance na lissafi a cikin ni'imar Korchnoi. A rikici tsananta bayan da gazawar da Victor L. je wasa da Fischer a Buenos Aires a cikin tawagar Petrosyan. Abin mamaki, da rabo daga fiye da sau daya zai kawo su tare a gasa, da kuma duk wadannan wasanni za su kasance mafi tsananin azãba kuma m ga Tigran Vartanovich idan ya zahiri ji laifi.

Duk abin da ya, da yanke shawarar barin kasar Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, ga wanda ƙaura a cikin 60s aka har yanzu ba zai yiwu ba, soma a shekara ta 1974, bayan wasan da Anatoliem Karpovym. A lashe yi yãƙi a cikin dara kambi tare da Bobbi Fisherom. Tarayyar Soviet sanya wani fare a kan wani alamar matasa Karpov, kuma na Rasha da kuma na aiki da iyalansu. Wannan shi aiki dukan manyan dara da ba komai haqqinsa iko. Kuma waɗanda suka amince da su taimaka Korchnoi, daga baya akwai real matsaloli. Alal misali, D. Bronstein, biya tare da matsayinsa.

VL Korchnoi rasa, amma a cikin hirar da ba a gane magabaci na Karpov, ga wanda ya an hõre a gama hukunci na Soviet grandmasters. A bude wasika da aka qaddamar Petrosyan kuma ba a sanya hannu da kawai hudu dara 'yan wasa, wanda aka sosai m for Korchnoi.

iyali matsaloli Korchnoi

Yiwuwar barin kasar ta bayyana a shekarar 1976. Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich zauna a Holland bayan gasar a Amsterdam. Abu ne mai wuya ya gane abin da matsalar halitta iyalinsa. Bayan motsi zuwa Switzerland (Mr. Volen), shi ne daga Isra'ila ya shirya kira ga matarsa da dansa. Amma ba su ne kawai ba su bar kasar, amma Igor aka kama ƙi su yi hidima a cikin sojojin bayan barin ma'aikata. The Guy ya bauta wa 2.5 years. Baiting a cikin latsa ya juya, ya iyali cikin makiyan mutane. Isabella Egishevna bukatar kudi, ya sayar da wata pup daga gida poodle. Bayan wani yini na baya tare da kalmomi da cewa ba su san abin da ya saya daga makiya da mutane.

V. L. Korchnoy a lokacin da yake rubuta farko scandalous littafin "Antishahmaty". A cikin wata wasika zuwa A. Karpov, kwafi na wanda za a aika zuwa K. U.Chernenko, shi zai bayar da rahoton cewa ya amince ba to buga kayan a musayar domin dammar da iyalinsa su je kasashen waje. Daga baya, ya yarda cewa ko da kira ga Soviet mafia wakilan da suka bayan 1982 same shi zuwa bukaci kudi domin na tashi na iyali, ko da yake abu ne mai wuya ga sun sanya wannan kokarin.

Personal rai

Abin da aka fi soki Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, wanda sirri rai ya zama jama'a domain? Bayan samun izinin barin kasar, a Switzerland Isabella Egishevnu na sa ran ba farin ciki da jin miji, wani lauya da kashe aure takardunku. Gaskiyar cewa aure ba wanzu, ta kasance sun san shekaru da dama.

Back a Holland, a daya daga cikin zaman da na lokaci daya wasanni, mijinta ya sadu da wani 'yan qasar na Austria Petra Leeverik. Ganin 'yan kasashen waje a kan tebur littafin Leo Tolstoy "¡iyãma" a Rasha, ya yi musayar' yan kalmomi tare da ita. Daga baya, ya gano cewa mai kyau Rasha aboki zamar masa dole ya tabbatar da cewa shekaru 10 da ya ciyar a cikin sansanonin a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Play dara da kyau, shi zai je duk da zaman, har sai rana daya bai gayyaci Peter gidansa. Kuma contenders dace a Baguio City (1978), shi ya riga ya tafi a matsayin shugaban ta tawagar.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, matar, tare da dansa zo zuwa Lausanne, to kwanaki na arshe za ta ba da taimakon kudi. Isabella Egishevna farin ciki moonlighted a matsayin yawon shakatawa mai shiryarwa a gare Rasha-magana kungiyoyin da ya mutu a 1995 daga mahara sclerosis. Igor uwa a gabãnin mutuwarsa ya kasance a cikin rikici da mahaifinsa, da suka fara sadarwa kawai ta bayan mutuwarta. An tsunduma a kwakwalwa, aure da ya high school sweetheart daga Rasha.

Creative hoto: da uncrowned lashe

Viktor Korchnoi ya rubuta littattafai da dama, inda a cikakken bincike na dukan masu sana'a aiki. Bugu da kari to "Antishahmat", ya buga shida more ayyuka, mafi ban sha'awa na wanda su ne: "My 55 wins fari" da kuma "My 55 wins tare da baki."

Yana da haka ya faru da cewa yayin da biyar-lokaci Turai Zakaran da lashe game da mutum ɗari da na kasa da kasa gasa, sau biyu ya yi yaƙi domin da hakkin ya kasance mafi kyau dara player a duniya, amma ba tsiwirwirinsu na sama hannu (a 1978 da kuma a 1981). A lokuta biyu shi ne ƙi maƙiyi Karpov, wanda ya otkazyvael a fice damar iya yin komai. A yawa tambayoyi na dara geniuses ya kira kawai Kasparov, kuma R. Fischer, biya haraji da wanda ya mutu farkon T. Petrosian.

Ya fi kyau wasan ya yi imani da 21-nd wasa na farko wasa (1978), a lokacin da Karpov murabus a kan 19th tafi, amma da sakamako mai foregone ƙarshe riga a kan 13th. Wannan adawa ƙare tare da ci 5: 6, kuma ya kasance haka da muhimmanci ga Tarayyar Soviet da cewa da V. L. Korchnogo aka kaddamar ba kawai wani m sana'a, amma kuma a siyasa na'ura. Defector ba zai iya zama wani zakaran duniya, don haka littafin ya ce game da kai tsaye barazana ga ta jiki halaka, a harka na hasara A. Karpov.

A wasan a 1981 ba haka ba ne m, kuma ya ƙare tare da ci 2: 6, wanda za a iya bayyana ta da cewa V. L. Korchnomu ya wuya a samu a cikin siffar, saboda for kusan shekaru bakwai, ya ba su sami gayyata zuwa babbar gasa, qananan ciki.

Home nasara ga Victor L. cewa ya yi dukan ransa wajaba addini a gare dara. Ya taka leda fiye da 4500 wasanni, shi ne a babban siffar, kuma a cikin shekaru 80 da kasancewa cikin tsofaffin grandmaster a duniya. Ya kasance ba ji tsoron kalubalanci tsarin, a hana wa kabila da kuma mahaifarsa. A cikin shekaru 90 da ya aka reinstated, amma sai ya zaɓi don samun Swiss dan kasa.

afterword

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, waɗanda suka komo cikin littafin magoya a cikin Soviet zamanin da ya nuna siyasa mãkirci na Tarayyar Soviet, har kwanakin ƙarshe kiyaye bayyananne hankali. Ya karanta ãyõyin kuma tuna ko da kadan-san facts na dara tarihi. Grandmaster shigar da zama na farko a duniya ya hana ta sirri shortcomings maimakon da dabarunsa na makiya. Ya aka ba sverhodaron, amma ko da yaushe yana da wuya aikin da yãƙi ruhu. A defector yi ba saboda ƙarfin hali, amma a maimakon haka, daga fargaba. Bayan da hira a talabijin Dmitry Gordon ce dara macrobiotic mai ban mamaki kalmomi: "Magana a gare ka, na zama mafi wayo."

Duniya da kuma kasar Yuni 6, 2016 koya cewa ya mutu Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich. A sabili da mutuwar da aka ba a kayyade ba, amma mun san cewa na karshe yan shekaru GM yake zaune tare da wani na'urar bugun zuciya, ya yi tafiya tare da kara kuma ba zai iya ji, yin amfani da wani taimakon ji. The jiki ya kai ta da iyaka. Domin live nisa daga mahaifarsa, wanda ga haka shekaru masu yawa babu fahimtar juna, da gwajin ne ba sauki.