Diencephalon

Midbrain shi ne mafi girma da kuma sosai aikin gagarumin bangaren kwakwalwa kara. Ya ƙunshi wata babbar yawan tsakiya da suke da muhimmanci sosai cibiyoyin na autonomic tsarin, kazalika da wani ɓangare na shi kunshi biyu endocrine gland - da pineal gland shine yake da pituitary gland shine yake. Midbrain aka located a sosai tarin rubuce-rubuce callosum tsakanin cerebral hemispheres, shi yana da iyaka zuwa ga raya na gani fili da kuma na baya perforated abu, da kuma gaba da - da na gani chiasm.

Matsakaiciyar tsarin da kwakwalwa da wahala, saboda shi ne babban adadin daban-daban cibiyoyin cewa tsara da al'ada aiki da kuma yin aiki da kyau na daban-daban gabobin da kuma tsarin. A cikin kwakwalwa (matsakaici) suke da daraja: epithalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, uku ventricle da hypothalamus.

A thalamus (visual hillocks) kafa biyu daga elongated siffar. An kafa ta jari na launin toka al'amarin a cikin nau'i na nuclei (game da arba'in), wanda aka raba da wani Layer na farin m. Epithalamus gabatar epiphysis ko pineal gland shine yake. Epiphysis a cikin bayyanar kama da fir mazugi da kuma sarrafa kan quadrigemina midbrain. Daga waje an rufe tare da kwantena, daga abin da mika zuciya partitions raba epiphysis cikin yanka.

Metathalamus gabatar tsakiya kuma, ba shakka, a kaikaice geniculate jikinsu, wanda suke da cibiyoyi na ji da gani. Suna located bayan da matashi biyu sassa na thalamus kuma suna da alaka da midbrain kafafu m colliculus da ƙananan. A hypothalamus da aka gabatar mazurari, da na gani chiasm, da launin toka tudu, pituitary da biyu mastoid jikinsu. A pituitary gland shine yake shi ne tsakiyar endocrine tsarin, located in pituitary fossa sella a kan sphenoid. A hypothalamus samar daidai ƙananan ɓangare na diencephalon.

All hypothalamic tsakiya, inda a kusa da arba'in na wurinta kara zuwa kashi da baya, tsaka-tsaki da kuma na gaba, mafi yawansu ba su nuna neurosecretion. Front tsakiya wakilta paraventikulyarnymi da supraoptic, raya - hypothalamic nuclei da mastoid jiki, matsakaici - ƙananan kuma verhnemedialnymi hypothalamic nuclei, nuclei da serobugornymi mazurari.

Diencephalon ma yana dauke da uku ventricle, wanda shi ne na kwakwalwa kogo. Ya ruwaito a kasa karo na hudu, ventricle, gaban da kuma mayar da - ta hanyar da interventricular foramen - na farko da na biyu ventricles. Kamar yadda da dukan sauran, suna a cikin na uku jijiyoyin bugun gini plexus, wanda nuna cerebrospinal ruwa.

The aiki na wani tsaka-tsaki kwakwalwa dogara a kan ta sassa:

• A tsari na endocrine tsarin, tun a cikin diencephalon shirya pituitary da pineal. Pituitary hormone stimulates samar da wadannan: girma, prolactin (kafa ikon na madara a cikin Alveoli na mammary gland), TSH, ACTH, follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, lyuteotropnogo, melanotropin, oxytocin, vasopressin. Neurosecretory aiki na pineal gland shine yake shi ne bayyananne diurnal yanayin. Dare synthesizes melatoksin, wanda aka hannu a cikin pigment musayar, kuma da rana - serotoksin.
• A tsari na autonomic tsarin. A hypothalamus, located subcortical cibiyoyin autonomic reflexes, kamar ƙishirwa, da yunwa, satiety, yardarSa, fushi, thermoregulation, kazalika da duk wani nau'i na ji.
• A kaikaice geniculate gawarwakin located subcortical cibiyoyin da hangen nesa, da kuma a cikin tsakiya - ji.
• A thalamus ne cibiyar da sauran ji na ƙwarai, fãce olfactory.

Midbrain, kamar yadda mai mulkin, yana da abubuwa da yawa a take hakkin a kalla daya daga cikinsu yana iya samun irreparable sakamakon, wanda zai babu makawa kai ga tawaya ko mutuwa.