Dimmer: kewaye connectivity, reviews. Dimmer - abin da yake da shi?

Mutane amfani da gabatarwa domin daban-daban dalilai, da kuma wadannan ayyuka bukatar daban-daban lighting yanayi. Shi ne dace don daidaita dimmer - wani lantarki na'urar da damar canza hasken matakin daga "kusan duhu" har sai da cikakken ganuwa ta kawai juya ƙurma ko zamiya hannu.

Me dimmers?

Na cikin gida da lighting a cikin gidan yana da muhimmanci sosai. Level na kowane dakin nuna abin da za ka iya, kuma ba zai iya yi, da kuma shi yana da wani banbanci ba a ji. Alal misali, za ka iya ba karanta guda kyandir, amma a romantic abincin dare biyu na iya ba ze haka m wani 1.5-kilowatt halogen fitilar.

Modern dimmers, dimming msl Legrand, damar zuwa smoothly daidaita haske fitilu tare da fitilu iri-iri.

Resistor dimmers

A farko, don daidaita haske matakin da ake amfani da quite wani sauki bayani - wani m resistor alaka a matsayin dimmer. Shi ya ba? Al'ada wirewound resistor ne mai bakin ciki waya, wanda halitta a wasu (maras muhimmanci darajar daidai da) da juriya ga motsi na lantarki zargin. The zane na m resistor, a Bugu da kari ga resistive abu da kuma biyu gyarawa lambobi, kara wani da dabba ba a kanta lamba tare da ƙarshe. By lantarki kewaye wani kashi ya haɗu mobile da kuma daya daga cikin gyarawa lambobi.

A wannan shiri, jimlar juriya na resistor an bambanta hanyar daidaitawa da nesa cewa cajin yana da hadaya ta resistive abu, amma kawai magana - da tsawon waya daga gyarawa zuwa m lamba. Idan m lamba ne a kusa da tsayayyen (haɗa da kewaye), da resistor ne kadan. Idan an canja zuwa na biyu gyarawa lamba, da cajin yana da hadaya ta resistive abu.

Lokacin da cajin da aka koma da lantarki sojojin ta cikin resistor, samar da makamashi da aka rasa a matsayin zafi. Idan ka sanya wani resistor a cikin jerin kewaye, da makamashi hasarori a cikin shi sa a daidai irin ƙarfin lantarki drop fadin resistor, rage makamashi samuwa ga sauran kaya (haske kwan fitila, misali). Rage irin ƙarfin lantarki a kan kwan fitila rage haske fitarwa.

Matsalar a cikin wannan bayani ne cewa ku ƙarasa wasting makamashi mai yawa da dumama resistor, wanda aka ba da haske da dakin, amma shi zai kudin mai kyawawan dinari. Har ila yau makamashi gazawar, resistor dimmer sauya yawanci amfani da tsauraran matakan da yiwuwar wani wuta Hazard, a matsayin m resistor sake babba zafi. Yanzu na'urorin amfani da mafi m m.

manufa na aiki

Saboda haka, a zahiri dimmer. Menene ma'anar wannan cikin sharuddan da bambance-bambance daga resistor? Maimakon daukar makamashi daga kwan fitila a wani m juriya, zamani dimmers a kowane canji na yanzu lokaci, a takaice rufe hanyar domin ta nassi, don rage yawan adadin kuzari dissipated a cikin dukan sarkar. Sai dai itace cewa yanzu a cikin haske kwan fitila kashe da yawa sau da na biyu.

ya sauya sheka sake zagayowar lokacin da aka gina a kusa da gidan AC oscillations. Bã su da wani daban-daban polarity da irin ƙarfin lantarki - a cikin m sinusoidal halin yanzu kalaman shi dabam daga wani m iyakar zuwa korau. A wasu kalmomin, wata dabba ba a kanta cajin, wanda shi ne wani alternating halin yanzu, kullum canja ta shugabanci na motsi. A Rasha, shi da ke ta sake zagayowar na canji (cajin motsi a daya shugabanci, to, da sauran) 50 sau da biyu.

"Break" ba tare da kalaman halin yanzu a kowane rabin sake zagayowar shi - shi ne abin da ke sa da dimmer. Abin da ake nufi? Yana ta atomatik yana kashe hasken kwan fitila kewaye kowane lokaci canza shugabanci na yanzu, da cewa shi ne, a lokacin da sifili ƙarfin lantarki a cikin kewaye. Wannan na faruwa sau biyu da sake zagayowar, ko 100 sau da biyu. yanzu wadata da fitilar kewaye aka kunna sake a lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki yakan zuwa wani mataki.

Wannan manufa - "to sun hada da matakin da" - ƙayyade matsayin na alkalami da dimmer canji. Idan aka shigar a kan haske halin da ake ciki, shi dai sosai da sauri bayan da kashewa. A makirci ne kunshe a mafi yawan sake zagayowar, saboda haka ya kai fiye da makamashi da na biyu a cikin wani haske kwan fitila. Idan dimmer an saita zuwa wani low haske, shi zai jira bayan wani kashewa ƙara har ba zai kunna sake a karshen sake zagayowar.

Wannan shi ne ainihin ra'ayi, amma kuma a zahiri aiki dimmer? Tuki da sadarwa bayar a cikin gaba sashe, za su amsa wannan tambaya.

Na'ura lantarki dimming

Mun riga san cewa shi zai sauri cire haske a cikin kewaye don rage ikon kawota ga fitila. Kuma duk da haka, musamman da dimmer kanta - abin da yake da shi? A tsakiyar kashi na ta kewaye ne semiconductor ac canji ko triac.

Triac - a kananan semiconductor na'urar, kama da wani diode ko wani transistor. Kamar su, triac kunshi daban-daban yadudduka na semiconductor abu. Daga gare su, n-type abu, wanda yana da yawa free electrons da wani p-type kayan da ciwon da yawa "ramuka" ta hanyar abin da free electrons iya wuce.

A triac ne iya wuce yanzu a daban-daban polarity na ƙarfin lantarki amfani a cikinta, watau a duka biyu rabin-hawan keke na AC mains ƙarfin lantarki, amma kawai idan na uku lantarki - .. Ƙofar - wani iko irin ƙarfin lantarki amfani. Kuma haka, a gaskiya, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa dimmer. A makirci kasa ya nuna yadda shi ne ya juya.

A irin ƙarfin lantarki a ƙofar triac, wanda wajibi ne a bude, kawota tare da ajiya capacitor, da kuma lokacin da cajin daga farkon rabin lokaci na wadata irin ƙarfin lantarki iko a m resistor. Saboda haka abin da ya faru a cikin wannan makirci ne? A dunƙule dai:

• Triac abubuwa a matsayin wani irin ƙarfin lantarki mai zaɓin.
• Ƙofar ƙarfin lantarki iko da lokacin ta hada.
• A m resistor kafa irin ƙarfin lantarki a kan ƙofar.
• A maƙura hidima ga santsi na yanzu waveform a cikin fitilar da samar da lantarki kewaye (ga. Seq. Sashin).
• Danniya capacitor hana tsara kewaye dimmer tsangwama.

Haɗa zuwa wani cibiyar sadarwa

Ya kamata a lura cewa duk da fasali lantarki rediyo aka nuna a cikin zane sama, da dimmer saka a cikin wani gidaje, wanda yana da kawai biyu tashoshi to ba dama da na'urar zuwa guda-lokaci lantarki cibiyar sadarwa. Saboda haka, cikin sharuddan fasahar aiwatar da irin wannan connection dimmer ne gaba daya kwatanci ne ga al'ada biyu-iyakacin duniya canji. Af, wasu daga cikin kayayyaki da gina-in canza aka haɗa ta shigar da na dukan makirci, kuma ta key is located gaba da iko ƙurma. Saboda haka, a haɗa da dimmer, kamar yadda a cikin hali na a haɗa wani al'ada canji, yi da wadannan matakai:

1. Ƙayyade da fitilar ko fitilu daga ikon kungiyar na dimmer.
2. Lissafi da na yanzu ta cinye lighting na'urori lokacin da powered su ba tare da dimmer.
3. Sama da dimmer da matsakaicin ci aiki halin yanzu ba karami fiye da samu a Sec. 2.
4. Sa dimmer a dama wuri da kuma haɗi zuwa cibiyar sadarwa a matsayin al'ada biyu-iyakacin duniya canji. Lura nan cewa wani canji da za a shigar a cikin rata lokaci shugaba, ba "ba kome", vol. E. Yana dole ne a sarkar halin yanzu kwarara zuwa cikin fitila (s), amma ba bayan shi.

Real dimmer kewaye ne mafi rikitarwa. Saboda haka, akwai iya zama wani m dimmer tare da m iko, switchable (ta atomatik) a ma'aunin lokaci aka haɗa zuwa kewayon "smart gidan", kazalika da wani Ft Irfan ko ikon murya irin. Duk da haka, duk da wannan "mai kaifin shaƙewa" boye a cikin na'ura, da kuma aiwatar da a haɗa da cibiyar sadarwa ba wuya.

Buzz fitilu a gaban dimmers

A ra'ayi na mai yawan masu amfani, ta haɗa maimakon canzawa zuwa rahusa dimmer kewaye ikon Lagwani ji wani bakon buzzing. Wannan na faruwa saboda hawa da sauka a cikin fitilar filament suna lalacewa ta hanyar canza halin yanzu waveform kawota daga triac.

Kamar yadda ka sani, yanzu sunã gudãna a cikin wayoyi ya haifar da wani babba karfi na Magnetic filin da kuma na yanzu bambancin sa fluctuating Magnetic filin. A filament a cikin kwan fitila ne kawai a waya karkace wanda, idan da solenoid aka magnetized ta wucewa a halin yanzu ta hanyar shi, kuma ta Magnetic filin oscillates tare da wani mita na alternating halin yanzu.

A al'ada sinusoidal alternating halin yanzu fluctuates hankali kamar yadda ta Magnetic filin. A halin yanzu daga cikin dimmer aka canza abruptly lokacin da triac zama conductive. Wannan canji a halin yanzu ya musanya Magnetic filin hanzari, wanda zai iya haifar da vibration na filament. Bugu da kari ya samar da wani m humming sauti abruptly canza Magnetic filin zai samar da rauni da sigina na rediyo cewa zai iya tsoma baki tare da m TV ko rediyo!

Mai dimmers dauke da ƙarin aka gyara don kawar da buzzing sakamako. Yawanci, da sadarwa na dimmer kewaye hada da wani inductive shaƙa (ga. A makirci a sama), wanda shi ne wani dogon waya nannade a kusa da wani baƙin ƙarfe core, da kuma wani ƙarin danniya capacitor. Dukansu na'urorin iya dan lokaci adana wutar lantarki (a cikin nau'i na Magnetic filin makamashi, halin yanzu, da kuma wutar lantarki da makamashi) da kuma ciyar da shi daga baya. Wannan makamashi smoothes kaifi ƙarfin lantarki da zangarniya lalacewa ta hanyar sauya sheka da triac don rage hum kuma tsangwama.

Dimmers da fitilu

Dimmers haifar da wani yanayi na ta'aziyya a cikin gida da kuma rage makamashi ta halin kaka. Duk da haka, ba duk da kwararan fitila ne mai jituwa tare da su, kuma wannan na iya haifar da matsaloli ga masu gida. Mutane da yawa masu amfani da buga korau comments game da tsari dimmer haske, amma bincike na da martani take kaiwa zuwa ƙarshe da cewa marubuta kawai ba su saba da ka'idojin karfinsu fitilu kuma dimmers tare.

Kwararan fitila ne halin da ikon da ƙarfin lantarki. Idan ka zaɓi da ba daidai ba dimming wasu iri ne m ga su tashin hankali da kuma haifar da matsaloli. Saboda haka, da zabar wani fitilar ga dimming, ya kamata mutane su san da daban-daban na su da kuma koyi ga zabi kawai jituwa tare da su data kasance dimmers.

Masu amfani da iya zabar Lagwani, halogen, mai kyalli da kuma LED fitilu. A farko iri biyu fitilu saukin sarrafa dimmers, yayin da mai kyalli da kuma LED fitilu da ciwon, haske mafi girma fitarwa, mafi tsada da kasa aiki tare da na'urar a tambaya.

Lagwani

lagwanin aiki saboda lantarki halin yanzu ya wuce ta hanyar da filament, wanda heats sama da kuma fara haske. Wadannan haske kwararan fitila kamar yadda su uwansa - halogen fitilu (a gaskiya, wannan filament fitilu, amma tare da Bugu da kari na halogen-dauke da mahadi a cikin flask su hana danshin da filament abu), su ne mafi utilitarian view kwararan fitila, saboda su yi aiki tare da wani dimmer. Ba za su iya jure ma high ƙarfin lantarki, amma mai kyau isa a ta dace matakin. A zaton waɗanda masu amfani da suke so su ajiye makamashi da kuma mika kwan fitila rayuwa ta hanyar amfani da dimmers, yana aiki sosai. Mutane da yawa masu amfani bayar da rahoton cewa Lagwani haske kwararan fitila ne dimmable tare da m aikin kazalika da ci-gaba da model. Su Fade kusan gaba daya a lokacin da dimmer canji da aka kashe kawai a sama.

kyalli fitilu

Wadannan fitilu masu ciki da kwan fitila na Mercury vapors. Generated da su a cikin zãfi ultraviolet radiation murna da phosphor, abin da ya rufe ciki ganuwar da kwan fitila zuwa emit bayyane haske. Wasu masu amfani a cikin su sake dubawa nuna cewa su fitilu kawai kashe kasa na dimmer iko kewayo. The abu ne cewa, sun yi amfani da abin da ake kira m kyalli fitilu ba tsara don yin amfani da dimmers idan wani homeowner installs a low irin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin na'urar, kawai ka kashe fitila, da kuma ba zai Fade. Don amfani da dimmer da fitila, shi dole ne a dimmable ballast, abin da ya kamata a nuna a kan marufi. Wasu misali dimmers ne jituwa tare da fitilar, amma ba dukan su ba. Masu amfani da ko da yaushe ya kamata a zabi da dimmer 220 tare da wani nuni da manufacturer game da karfinsu na shi tare da mai kyalli fitilu.

LED kwararan fitila

Su aiki dogara ne a kan ikon sa da electrons da haske emitting diode cewa hulɗa tare da gaskiya ma cajin "ramuka" da kuma emit photons wanda nuna luminescence. Su kasa mai haske fiye da kyalli fitilu, amma haske gyara fuska aka iyakance kawai da zane na ta hada. A cewar abokin ciniki feedback, da LEDs ne ma yiwuwa ga shutdowns a cikin ƙananan tsanani iyaka, kuma shi kuma za a iya nuna tare da daban-daban na dimmers. Duk da yake Lagwani haske kwan fitila zai flicker tare da irin ƙarfin lantarki da hawa da sauka, LED iya ko da a kashe ko flicker ɓarna,.

Zaɓi na dace fitilar

A lokacin da sayen mabukaci ya kamata ka tuna cewa Lagwani fitilu iya dimmed daga sifili zuwa kashi 100, da kuma mai kyalli da kuma LED ba za a iya sarrafa kasa 10-20% na maras muhimmanci darajar da su haske, don haka da cewa masu gida ba za su iya cimma matakin ta'aziyya. Bugu da ƙari, mai kyalli fitilu kuma ya jagoranci na bukatar karin tsada da kuma wuyar LED dimmer. Duk da haka, a cikin dogon lokaci, sun samar da gagarumin makamashi tanadi.

Zaɓi na dace dimming

Modern dimmers, misali dimmer Legrand (yana nufin ga dukan line daga cikin iri), yi daban-daban ayyuka, ciki har da daban-daban iri photocells, motsi na'urori masu auna sigina da kuma Ms. Lokacin da zuba jari a cikin wadannan kayan da mutane da a ka tuna cewa ci-gaba kewaye dimmers aka tsara don high-ingancinsu haske kwararan fitila. Duk da yake low-cost na'urorin ne da ya ishe Lagwani da halogen fitilu.

Summing sanya da yawa masu amfani sake dubawa dimmers, wanda zai iya kammala da cewa, mafi girma taro effects daga su yi amfani da za a iya shirya a cikin gidajensu, hasken gargajiya Lagwani kwararan fitila. Bayan dimmer ba ka damar rage ikon amfani ba tare da canza cheap kwararan fitila a kan tsada mai kyalli ko LED. Idan gidan an riga an rufe da sabon iri fitilu, da babban sakamako kunshi a kara lighting iko da wuraren iya samar da "ci-gaba" dimmer model, misali wani m dimmer, wanda damar don sarrafa lighting na gabatarwa da ramut, ba tare da samun up.