Dokar Coulomb

Idan ka canja wurin lantarki mai kyau ko ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya zuwa na'urar ba da kyauta ba, za ka lura cewa ganyen na'urar zaɓaɓɓen zai canza zuwa ƙananan ƙarami ko babba.

Taɓa tare da sandar da aka yi wa sanda zuwa sanda na zaɓin wutar lantarki kuma ka tuna da kusurwar da ganye zai shafe. Domin ya ba da bambanci da ganyen na'urar zaɓaɓɓe zuwa babban kusurwa, yana da muhimmanci don canja wurin cajin daga wani wuri mafi girma na sanda wanda aka caje shi. Kuma, a wasu lokuta, ganyayyaki za su canza, lokacin da ka taɓa sandar na'urar lantarki tare da hannunka.

Ta haka, mun sami cewa da ƙarfin da wutar lantarki a kan gawarwakin ne fiye ko žasa. Saboda haka, zamu iya magana game da irin wannan ra'ayi kamar girman girman cajin, sabili da haka, game da ma'auni.

Wannan ya yiwu ne godiya ga binciken a ƙarshen karni na 18. Dokar kan hulɗa da cajin lantarki. Wannan dokar bude Faransa likita Coulomb.

An gano ka'idar Coulomb ta hanyar gwaji: masana kimiyya sunyi gwaje-gwaje tare da ma'aunin ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya auna ma'aunin da abin ya shafa da abubuwa.

Ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙwasa ya ƙunshi wani haske, wanda ba mai kula da wutar lantarki wanda aka dakatar da shi a kan wani nau'i mai nauƙi a cikin gilashin gilashin siffar cylindrical. A gefen ƙarshen sanda, an kafa kullun gwal na gwangwado, kuma a daya - counterweight. A ƙarshensa, waya tana haɗe a tsakiya na kai, wanda aka bada tare da maɓallin kuma yana juyawa akan sikelin da ke da rabuwa, wadda ke aiki don ƙayyade girman girman kusurwar ƙirar waya.

Rufin jirgin ruwa yana da rami ta hanyar wanda wasu, daidai da ball guda b, wanda yake daidai da ball a cikin girman, ana ciyar da shi zuwa insulator. Girman kusurwar angular tsakanin gilded bukukuwa a da b an ƙidaya ta ƙunshiyoyi da suke kan jirgin ruwa cylindrical. Don yin wannan, juya kan ma'auni zuwa wasu kusurwa, zaka iya canja nesa.

Bayan ana caji da kuma shigar da kwallaye biyu a kowane nesa, wannan abincin zai iya ƙayyade ƙarfin da waɗannan bukukuwa suke hulɗa ta hanyar aunawa kusurwar ƙuƙwalwa ta filament.

Idan na'urar ta riga an kammala karatunsa, to, ta hanyar aunawa na juyawa na kai, yana yiwuwa a gano ko wane irin karfi ne da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kwakwalwa.

Lokacin da ya canza nesa tsakanin bukukuwa, Coulomb ya gano cewa a yayin da ake zargi da karfi da abin da suke hulɗar zai kasance daidai da tsayin daka tsakanin nisa.

Maganar matsala na auna girman girman da ake yi a kan bukukuwa shine kamar haka: idan an kori bb b, kuma, bayan an cire shi daga cikin na'urar, tuntubi wani ball, to, rabin rabin cajin zai tafi wani ball daga ball b. Saboda haka, cajin zai kasance rabin abin. Sanya ball zuwa baya a cikin na'urar, Coulomb ya gano cewa a daidai nisa tsakanin bukukuwa, haɗin hulɗarsu ya ragu - dacewa daidai da ragewa a cikin cajin.

Hakazalika, cajin motsin motsi ya bambanta.

Mun gode wa wadannan gwaje-gwajen, an gano dokar cewa daga bisani ya zama sanannun dokokin Dokar Coulomb, fassararsa ita ce: karfi da hulɗar da ake bi na biyu ya dace daidai da girman su, wanda ba daidai ba ne ga ma'auni na nesa tsakanin zargin kuma an tsara shi tare da layin da ke haɗa waɗannan cajin.

Dokar Coulomb Amonton ta bayyana ta hanyar dabara:

F = k (q1q2 / r²),

Inda q1 da q2 sune dabi'u na ma'anar da suke hulɗar, r shine nisa tsakanin waɗannan caji, kuma k shine haɗin kai na daidaito, wanda ya dogara da abin da rassa na auna yawan zasu shiga cikin wannan tsari.

A wannan yanayin, ana kiran wannan cajin da ake da shi a jikin jikin kowane nau'i da siffar da suka isa ƙananan idan aka kwatanta da nesa da ake nazarin hulɗarsu.

Nazarin ya nuna cewa ƙarfin F yana shafar yanayi, kuma hanyar da ke nuna ka'idar Coulomb ta shafi ne kawai a lokacin da yake hulɗa da ƙungiyoyin da ake zargi a cikin wani wuri.

Mun gode wa Dokar Coulomb, an shigar da sashin lantarki. Saboda haka, yana nufin cajin da yake aiki a cikin wani motsi a kan wani cajin daidai, wanda shine nisa na centimeter ɗaya, tare da karfi na ɗaya dyne. Wannan ƙwararren ƙwaƙwalwar wutar lantarki ce.