Ilimi ci gaba, Addini
Don duniya addinai hada da addinin Buddha, Kiristanci, Musulunci. A tarihin fitowan da kuma tushe na addinan duniya
The kalmar "addini" ya zo daga Latin lokaci ga wani addini da, wanda tsaye ga taƙawa, tsarki, da taƙawa, kuma camfi. The sosai ra'ayi ne daya daga cikin siffofin zamantakewa sani, saboda da imani cewa akwai allahntaka mamaki a duniya. Wannan hukunci ne na asali siffofin da kuma abubuwa na wani addini, bayar da aminci.
Ana zargin addinai
Don kwanan wata, addinai na duniya sun hada da addinin Buddha, Kiristanci da kuma Musulunci. A babba da kuma halayyar fasali su ne wuraren da rarraba, wanda ba ya dogara ne a kan wuraren da abin da ya faru. A zamanin d mazaunan duniya, a lokacin da suka halitta nasu iri na addini, da farko kula game da kasancewar kabilanci bukatar da fatan wasu "fellowcountryman" taimake gumakansu.
addinin Buddha | Kiristanci | Musulunci | |||||
The Great karusarsa | The koyarwa daga cikin tsofaffin | Katolika | orthodoxy | Protestantism | Suniizm | Mabiyan |
Yaya addinin Buddha da kuma cewa shi ne irin addini ne wannan?
Addinin Buddha ya bayyana a zamanin d India a cikin shida karni BC. Mutumin da ya kafa shi, shi ne Siddhartha Gautama, wanda aka fi sani da mutane a matsayin Buddha. Daga baya ya fara la'akari da wani takamaiman abin bautãwa, wato, wasu kasancewarsa wanda ya kai Jihar m kamala ko fadakarwa.
Addinan duniya ne addinin Buddha da kuma ta daban-daban kwatance. Ga ta da asali da aka dauka da ake kira rukunan hudu Noble gaskiyar wadda kunshi wadannan sassan:
- game da wahala.
- a kan asalin kuma Sanadin wahala,
- da cikakken lõkacin fatara daga wahala da kuma bacewar ya kafofin.
Bisa ga gudanar da ibada, bayan wucewa irin hanyoyi shi zo gaskiya lõkacin fatara daga azaba, da wani mutum ya sami ya tsororuwar a Nirvana. A mafi prevalent na addinin Buddha a jihar Tibet, Thailand, Korea, Sri Lanka da Cambodia da China, Mongolia, Vietnam da kuma Japan. A Rasha, wannan shugabanci ne mai muhimmanci a cikin Caucasus da kuma a kan Sakhalin. Haka kuma, a yau shi ne profiling addinin Buryatia da Kalmykia steppe.
Kowa ya san cewa duniya addinai hada da addinin Buddha. A mafi yawa ana raba, mai girma Vehicle Rukunai da tsofaffin (Mahayana da Theravada). Nau'i na farko sun hada da jihar Tibet da na kasar Sin kwatance, kazalika da dama mutum makarantu. Mabiyansa raba wannan addini ga Mai girma da Little karusarsa. Nau'i na biyu, Theravada ne kadai tsira makaranta Nikaya. Nan ne mai matukar yadu used Kalmar "Metta Bhavana".
Tibet addinin Buddha ke ma halin da Vajrayana, wanda kuma ake kira Diamond karusarsa, ko tantricheskooy addini. A wasu lokuta, an dauke a raba da wani lokacin daya daga cikin Mahayana makarantu. Wannan reshe ne quite na kowa a cikin kasashe irin su Nepal, Tibet, same shi a Japan da kuma Rasha.
Aukuwa farko adabi Buddhist
Addinan duniya - addinin Buddha, Kiristanci, Islam - ne a su waƙoƙi da wasu bayanai. Suna impregnated da daban-daban tarin na tatsuniyoyi, myths da tatsuniya. A daidai wannan lokacin, da babban dokoki na versification aka ɓullo. Ga na gaba na addinin Buddha ke halin da craving ga misalai, metaphors da similes. Very na ƙwarai kuma musamman addini da falsafa ayyukan adabi. Fiye da su duka, ba shakka, da alaka da bayanin irin Buddha ta rayuwa, kazalika da wa wa'azin.
A sakamako a kan tsarin Buddha,
A Japan, misali, tare da zuwan addinin Buddha wajen samar da ba kawai sabon gine-gine da siffofin, amma kuma yi kayan aiki. Wannan aka bayyana a cikin wani irin layout na Haikalin. A muhimmanci sosai fasaha bidi'a shi ne dutse tushe. A zamanin d Shinto zayyanawa tsanani daga cikin ginin ya fadi a kan dug a cikin ƙasa tari. Wannan ƙwarai takaita size of gine-gine. A haikalin ciki rectangular yanki da ake kewaye da wani corridor, wanda yake rufe da wani rufin. Ga suka located da ƙofofi.
A kasarta sufi da aka kewaye da m ganuwar da ƙasa tare da wata ƙõfa a kowane gefe. Suna suna, bisa ga shugabanci a wadda ta nuna. Shi ne kuma quite muhimmanci shi ne cewa da dama daga cikin tsoho Monuments na Japan gine , an gina na itace.
Lalle ne, aiwatar da shiri na addini da gine-gine ya kasance kullum, kuma za su zama da muhimmanci ƙwarai. Ko daga farkon ta ci gaba, a lokacin da ta jariri kayan yau da kullum na addinan duniya, bil'adama da ake nufi da irin wannan wurare. Don kwanan wata, a lokacin da shi shi ne babban addini kafe, da yawa haikalin, gidajen ibada, majami'u da kuma sauran wurare masu tsarki ci gaba da zama na bayar da muhimmanci da kuma wasa da wata babbar rawa a kowa da kowa ta rayuwa.
Lokacin da inda bai Kiristanci zo daga?
The kalmar "Kiristanci" ya zo daga Girkanci kalmar "Hriotos", wanda ke nufin shafaffe, ko Almasihu. Don kwanan wata, an dauke da wani tauhidi da addini, wanda, tare da addinin Musulunci da kuma addinin yahudawa ne wani ɓangare na Ibrahim addini, tare da addinin Musulunci da kuma addinin Buddha shi ne wani ɓangare na uku addinai na duniya.
A baya can, mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa akwai 4 addinai na duniya. A wannan zamanin, Kristanci ne daya daga cikin na kowa imani a duniya. Yau ya professes fiye da kwata na bil'adama. Wannan addini mukamansu farko a duniya a kasa baza, wato, kusan kowace} asa tana da akalla daya Kirista al'umma. Kai tsaye zuwa ga tushen da rukunan Kirista ne da nasaba, Yahudanci da Tsohon Alkawali.
The labari game da Yesu
Bishara da kuma coci hadisin ce Yesu, ko Joshuwa, wanda aka asali tashe a matsayin Bayahude. Ya kiyaye dokokin da Attaura, majami'a halarci darussan kan nasarar, kazalika da bikin. Amma ga sauran manzanni, da farko mabiyan Kristi, sun kasance Yahũdãwa. Duk da haka, bayan 'yan shekaru bayan da coci da aka kafa, Kiristanci a matsayin addini fara wa'azi ga sauran al'ummomi.
Kamar yadda ka sani, akwai yanzu uku addinai na duniya. Daga farkon, Kiristanci ya ya ua daga cikin Yahudawa a Palestine, da} asashen duniya, a cikin Rum, duk da haka, da suka fara daga farko shekaru saboda da wa'azin na Bulus Manzo ya shiga da shi har ma fiye da mabiyansa da kuma daga sauran al'ummai.
Rarraba da division Kiristanci
Up zuwa na biyar karni, yaduwar wannan addini da aka za'ayi a kan ƙasa na Roman Empire, kazalika a asalin. Sa'an nan - tsakanin Jamus da Slavic al'umma, kamar yadda kuma a cikin Baltic da kuma Finnish yankuna. Irin wannan ne bayani dalla-dalla na addinai na duniya. A halin yanzu, Kiristanci ya ya ua bayan Turai godiya ga mulkin mallaka da fadada da kuma aikin da mishaneri. Babban rassan da addini dauke Katolika, Orthodoxy kuma Protestantism.
Domin da farko lokacin da Kristanci raba a ta goma sha ɗaya karni. A wannan lokaci akwai guda biyu mafi girma a coci. Shi ne yammacin, tare da cibiyoyin a Roma, kuma Gabas, wadda cibiyar da ke cikin Konstantinoful a Byzantine Empire. Kamar yadda ya nuna tebur addinai a duniya, Kiristanci ma na da shugabanci.
cocin Katolika
A farko coci da aka kira da Katolika (a Greek - general, ko a duniya a). Wannan sunan yana nuni da sadaukar da na Yammacin Church a duniya rarraba. Paparoma ya da wani shugaban da kasashen yammacin cocin Katolika. Wannan reshe na Kiristanci wa'azi da koyarwa na "allahntaka isa yabo" na daban-daban tsarkaka a gaban Allah. Irin wannan ayyukan wakiltar wani irin taska gidan, wanda Church iya jefa kamar yadda ka so, cewa shi ne, a kansa hankali.
Duniya ta manyan addinai da mabiyansu a jihohi da dama. The Katolika mabiya a Turai, yawanci ba a cikin irin kasashen Italiya, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Faransa, Belgium, Austria, Luxembourg, Malta, Hungary, da Czech Republic, Poland. Bugu da kari, da Katolika bangaskiya ne game da rabi daga cikin mutane a Jamus, Switzerland da kuma Netherlands, kazalika da jama'ar na Balkan Larabawa da kuma wani ɓangare na Yammacin Ukraine da Belarus.
Kamar yadda na Asia, akwai Katolika kasashen Philippines, Lebanon, Siriya, Jordan, India, Indonesia. A Afirka, akwai Katolika a Gabon, Angola, Congo, Mauritius, da Seychelles da wasu ƙasashe. Bugu da kari, Katolika ne sosai na kowa a Amurka da kuma Canada.
Orthodoxy - na al'ada da Kristanci
Addinan duniya - addinin Buddha, Kiristanci, Islam - an sanar wa dukan mutane. Abin da za mu ce game da Orthodoxy? Shi ne wani babbar mayar da hankali a game da Kristanci. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne tartsatsi a Gabashin Turai. Idan ka kwatanta shi da Katolika, da Orthodox da wani addini cibiyar. Kowane fiye ko žasa da manyan Orthodox al'umma ne raba, yayin da kafa autocephalous, kuma yana da cikakken ba batun wani cibiyoyin.
Protestantism - da na uku a cikin Kristanci
Yana ta ba wani asirin da cewa duniya ta addinai suna bin addinin Buddha, Kiristanci da kuma Musulunci. A kan na uku mafi girma Protestant ne dauke. Shi ne wani irin Kiristanci da tartsatsi a Yammacin Turai, Amurka, da kuma ma a Rasha. Furotesta hada da Tsohon Katolika, Mennonites, Quakers, Mormons, Moravians, da ake kira "Kirista Commonwealth" da sauransu.
Idan muka magana game da tarihin, za mu iya ce cewa Protestantism fito a cikin karni na goma sha bakwai a Jamus. Shin sunan wannan shugabanci ne saboda shi ne mai irin zanga-zangar da mũminai Yammacin Turai da nufin administrative ikon da Vatican da kuma Popes.
Major addinai na duniya sun watsa a ko'ina cikin duniya. Na farko shi ne wanda ya kafa wannan yankunan kamar yadda Protestantism, wani Jamus rajin Martin Luther. Wannan addini, idan muka kwatanta shi da Katolika da kuma Orthodoxy, shi ne mai yawa da kwarara, da kuma coci, da ya fi iko na su - shi ne Lutheranism, Calvinism da Anglicanism.
Protestantism yau ne sosai tartsatsi a cikin daban-daban Scandinavian kasashen, Amurka, Jamus, Birtaniya, Canada da kuma Switzerland. Duniya ta tsakiya - shi ne Amurka. Kuma zamani Protestantism ne halin da muradin hade, kuma an nuna a shekara ta 1948 a cikin Duniya majalisar Ikklisiya.
A uku duniya addini: Islam
Amma a kan lokaci, da imani da aka canza daga mutane da kuma rasa da amincin. Wannan shi ya sa Allah ya aiko Muhammadu, karshe Annabi, wanda ta wurinsa ne addini da aka samo ga dukan mutane a matsayin gaskiya da kuma cikakken shugabanci da kuma bangaskiya na dukan annabawa. Muhammad shi ne Annabin qarshen, yada addinin Musulunci. A nan, kamar sauran addinan duniya, babu wani hadin kai. Wannan ya tabbatar da wanzuwar biyu main kwatance - Sunni da Shi'a. Quantitatively, Sunni-mamaye, yayin da karshen rayuwa, yafi a Iran da Iraki.
Biyu kwatance Musulunci
Culture of addinai na duniya da aka quite bambanta. Sunni Musulunci shi ne na farko reshe na Musulunci. Ya bayyana a karni na goma a cikin Larabawa Khalifanci da wani rinjaye addini kungiya. Yana aiki a matsayin wata tsaga da iko a Khalifanci. Idan muka kwatanta shi da Shi'a shugabanci, akwai ƙaryata game da ra'ayin da yanayin Ali da ra'ayin shiga tsakani tsakanin mutane da Allah.
Kamar yadda ka sani, da duniya addinai sun hada da Musulunci. Shia ne ta babban shugabanci. Ya bayyana a cikin ƙarni na bakwai a Balarabe Khalifanci a matsayin kungiyar da cewa umurni ne na kariya daga cikin zuriyar Ali da hakkin daga Fatima. Lokacin da Shi'anci rasa a gwagwarmayar keda daukaka, ya kasance wani na musamman hanya a cikin Musulunci.
Kamar haka, akwai yanzu uku addinai na duniya. Idan an yi magana (Kristanci, Buddha da addinin musulunci), cewa ya unsa wajen hadaddun tara ra'ayi da ya hada da wasu yaren, addini ayyukan, addini cibiyoyin siffofin dangantaka tsakanin mutane da bangaskiya da kungiyoyin addinai, da kuma more.
A wannan yanayin, domin kowane shugabanci na addini irin lokacin suna halin da takamaiman na ginin jumla da abun ciki, da kansa tarihi da kuma ci gaba zama. A takamaiman nazarin duk wadannan na ginin jumla siffofin a cikin ci gaban da addinai da yawa, kazalika da su tarihi siffofin, shi ne na musamman kimiyya, wanda yana da sunan addini.
Similar articles
Trending Now