Kamar yadda Muminai suna yi masa baftisma - biyu ko uku yatsunsu?

Kafin mu fara magana game da yadda za a Old Muminai suna yi masa baftisma, ya kamata ka zauna a kan wanda su ne da abin da rawar da suka taka a ci gaban Rasha Orthodoxy. A rabo na addini motsi kira Tsohon Muminai, ko tsufa mũminai, ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha tarihi da kuma yake cike da wasan kwaikwayo da kuma misalai na ruhaniya yawa.

A gyara ta raba Rasha Orthodoxy

Tsohon Muminai, kamar sauran na Rasha coci, farkon da tarihi shi ne shekara a lokacin da bankunan na Dnieper, kada hasken da bangaskiyar Kirista, ya kawo ta Rus Prince Volodymyr. Da zarar kan tati, hatsi Orthodoxy ya m 'ya'yan itace. Har da hamsin hamsin XVII karni imani a cikin kasar da aka haɗe, da kuma na wani addini sãɓãni kawai sabõda shi ba.

A farkon babban coci da hargitsi ya yin gyare-gyare na sarki Nikon kaddamar da shi a 1653. Ya kunshi a kawo Rasha liturgical daraja, a layi tare da wadanda soma a cikin Girkanci da Church of Konstantinoful.

Dalilan da coci garambawul

Kristanci, kamar yadda muka sani, da ya zo mana daga Rum, da kuma a lokacin farko da shekaru bayan baftismar Rus ' sabis a cikin Church daukan wuri daidai kamar yadda aka yi a Konstantinoful, amma bayan fiye da shida ƙarni, gagarumin canje-canje da aka yi zuwa gare shi.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, tun lokacin da ya fi na wannan lokaci, littafin-bugu ba a can, kuma liturgical littattafai da aka rubuta kofen da hannu, ba su kawai crept wani gagarumin yawan kurakurai, amma kuma su karkatar da ma'anar da dama key phrases. Don magance halin da ake ciki, sarki Nikon ya dauki mai sauki da kuma ba ze yi alkawarin rikitarwa yanke shawara.

Good nufi sarki

Ya yi umurni da daukar samfurori daga cikin farko littattafai, kawo daga Rum, da kuma ta samar da su su sake translation, rubanya bugu Hanyar. Tun da farko texts ya umurce su da su janye daga wurare dabam dabam. Bugu da kari, da sarki Nikon da aka gabatar a cikin Girkanci style troeperstie - ƙara tare da uku yatsunsu a rufe gicciye.

Wannan m da m bayani ya sa, duk da haka, wani dauki kama wani fashewa, da kuma kerarre daidai da shi, da ecclesiastical garambawul ne dalilin da tsaga. A sakamakon haka, wani gagarumin rabo na yawan cewa ya ba su yarda da wadannan sababbin abubuwa, ya tashi daga na aikin coci, da aka sani da Nikonian (a madadin na sarki Nikon), kuma daga gare ta ya ɓullo da wani babban-sikelin addini motsi, wanda mabiyansa an kira schismatics.

Tsaga, wanda suka samu daga garambawul

Kamar yadda kafin, a cikin pre-gyare-gyare kwanaki haihuwa mũminai aka yi masa baftisma da biyu yatsunsu kuma ya ki gane sabon coci littattafai, kazalika da firistoci, wanda aka ƙoƙarin sanya su bauta. Tsaye a adawa ga ecclesiastical da wadanda hukumomin, sun kasance na dogon lokaci hõre tsananta a tsakaninsu. Wannan ya fara ne a Local Council a 1656.

Ko da a cikin Soviet lokaci, bi da wani karshe ragi ROC matsayi da Tsohon Muminai, wanda aka tabbatar da dacewa da shari'a takardun. Duk da haka, wannan bai kai ga zaman majalisar na Eucharistic, cewa shi ne addu'a tarayya tsakanin Local Orthodox Ikklisiya da kuma Tsohon Muminai. A karshe wannan rana la'akari kawai da kansu a matsayin masu ɗaukar da bangaskiya ta gaske.

Yadda yawa yatsunsu suna yi masa baftisma Muminai?

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa canonical sabani da hukuma coci taba dissenters, da kuma rikici ko da yaushe ya auku ne kawai a kusa da al'ada gefe na bauta. Alal misali, wani abu kamar giciye Muminai, maimakon ƙara biyu da uku yatsunsu, ko da yaushe ta zama dalilin hukunci da su, alhãli kuwa ba a gunaguni game da fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki, ko na babban arziki na Orthodox Faith ya ba.

Ba zato ba tsammani, da tsari na Bugu da kari daga cikin yatsunsu ga alamar gicciye da Old Muminai, da kuma magoya bayan na aikin hukuma coci ya ƙunshi wasu alamomin. Tsohon Muminai suna yi masa baftisma da biyu yatsunsu - index da kuma tsakiyar, NUNA da yanayi biyu na Yesu Kristi - allahntaka da kuma mutum. Sauran uku yatsunsu a lokaci guda ta jera guga man dabino daga hannunka. Su ne wani image na Albarka Triniti.

A m hoto na yadda Tsohon Muminai suna yi masa baftisma, zai iya zama a matsayin shahara zanen da Vasiliya Ivanovicha Surikova "Boyar Morozova". Yana uvozimaya gudun hijira wulãkantu wahayi na Moscow Old mu'mini motsi Yanã ɗaukar zuwa sama sa tare biyu yatsunsu - wata alama ce rabo da 'yan adawa da sake fasalin na sarki Nikon.

Amma ga su abokan adawar, magoya bayan na ROC, sa'an nan dauka da su daidai da Nikon ta sake fasalin, da kuma ake amfani da su yau da Bugu da kari yatsa kuma yana da wata alama ma'anar. Nikoniantsy yi masa baftisma da uku yatsunsu - yatsa, index da kuma tsakiyar folded tsunkule (schismatics su ga shi girman kira "schepotnikami"). Wadannan uku yatsunsu kuma wakiltar da Triniti Mai Tsarki, da kuma dual yanayi na Yesu Almasihu Zagayawar a cikin wannan harka guga man dabino zobe yatsa da kuma kadan yatsa.

A symbolism dauke a cikin alamar gicciye

Special ma'anar schismatics ko da yaushe a haɗe da kuma yadda suka amfani da alamar gicciye. hannunka shugabanci na motsi daga gare su, guda kamar yadda cewa dukkan Orthodox, amma ya peculiar bayani. Tsohon Muminai Cross yatsunsu, tunzura su da farko, kuma farkon zuwa goshinsa. A wannan hanya da suka bayyana da primacy na Allah, wanda yake shi ne farkon da Allahntaka Triniti.

Bugu da ari, sa ya yatsunsu a ciki, ta haka ne suka nuna cewa a cikin mahaifa daga cikin Albarka Virgin marar laifi ne haihuwar Yesu Almasihu, Ɗan Allah. Sa'an nan tashe hannunsa zuwa ga kafadarsa ta dama, ya nuna cewa a cikin mulkin Allah, ya zauna ga hannun dama - wato, da dama na Uba. A karshe, da motsi na da hannu wajen hagu kafada ta tuna da cewa masu zunubi a Lãhira iyãma, je jahannama, shi za a qaddara da rayuwa oshuyuyu (hagu) daga Alkalin.

Me Muminai yi masa baftisma da biyu yatsunsu?

Amsar wannan tambaya na iya zama tsoho, a kafe a apostolic sau, sa'an nan soma da Greek hadisin biyu yatsunsu alamar gicciye. Ta zo don ta Rasha tare da ta baftisma. Da masu bincike da tursasawa shaida cewa a lokacin XI-XII ƙarni. wasu nau'i na alamar gicciye a cikin Slavic ƙasashe ya ba da sauki, da kuma duk an yi musu baftisma kamar yadda aka yi a yau, Tsohon Muminai.

Zane na wannan zai iya zama a matsayin sanannun icon "Kristi Pantocrator" da aka rubuta ta hanyar Andrei Rublev a 1408 domin iconostasis na ɗauka Cathedral a Vladimir. Yana siffanta Iisus Hristos zaune a kan kursiyin sarauta da kuma vozdevshim damansa biyu yatsunsu a cikin benediction. Characteristically, shi ne guda biyu, ba uku yatsunsu folded Mahaliccin duniya a cikin wannan, mãsu alfarma karimcin.

A gaskiya hanyar da zalunci daga cikin Old Muminai

Wasu masu tarihi sun ayan yi imani da cewa real dalilin da zalunci ya ba da farali siffofin cewa aikatawa Old Muminai. Baftisma biyu ko uku yatsunsu na mabiya wannan motsi - bisa manufa, ba haka ba ne mai muhimmanci. Su main Laifi shi ne cewa wadannan mutane shiga bayyane tafi a kan sarauta ba, haka da samar da wani m m for nan gaba.

A wannan yanayin da muke magana ne game da rikici tare da m jihar ikon, tun da dokoki a lokacin Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich goyon Nikon ta sake fasalin, da kuma ta kin amincewa da yawan da za a iya daukarsa a matsayin fitina, kuma zagi sãme shi da kaina. Amma Rasha shugabannin taba gafarta.

Tsohon Muminai yau

Kammala tattaunawar game da yadda Tsohon Muminai suna yi masa baftisma kuma ya tafi daga wannan mataki zai zama ba daga wuri zuwa ambaci cewa a yau, su al'ummomi suna located a kusan duk ɓullo da kasashen Turai, Arewa da kuma Kudancin Amirka, kazalika da a Australia. A cikin Rasha Old mu'mini Church yana da dama kungiyoyi, da most of wanda aka kafa a 1848 Belokrinitskaya matsayi misali nufin su ne kasashen waje. A da darajõji shi ya kawo tare fiye da miliyan bauta, kuma yana da m cibiyoyin a Moscow da Romanian birnin Braila.

Na biyu mafi girma shiri na Old Muminai dauke Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church, wanda ya hada da game da ɗari biyu na aikin al'ummomi da kuma yawan da ba rajista. Its tsakiyar bunkasa da kuma shawarwari jiki ne located tun 2002 a Moscow, Rasha Council of WPS.