Ecumenical sarki na Konstantinoful: tarihi da ma'anar

Alfarma Hadishi gaya mana cewa St. Manzo Andrey Pervozvanny a '38 wajabta ya almajiri da sunan Stachys matsayin bishop na birnin Rum, shafin na wanda karnuka uku daga baya kafa Konstantinoful. Tare da wadannan sau fãra coci, karkashin jagorancin domin mutane da yawa ƙarni sun Jikoki, da waɗanda suke ɗauke da take da Ecumenical.

The dama daga magabaci daga daidaitãwa

Daga cikin mannyan birai da goma sha biyar autocephalous yanzu data kasance, watau zaman kanta, na gida Orthodox Ikklisiya, "da primacy tsakanin daidaitãwa" an dauke su da sarki na Konstantinoful. Wannan shi ne tarihi muhimmanci. Cikakken suna daga cikin mutum rike da irin wannan muhimmanci post - Divine Tsarki Archbishop na Konstantinoful - New Roma da Ecumenical sarki.

Domin da farko lokacin da bayar da muƙamin da Ecumenical sarki na Konstantinoful Akaki farko. The doka akai ga wannan shawarar da hudu (Chalcedon) Ecumenical Council, da aka gudanar a 451, da kuma ƙarfafa matsayi na shugabannin Church of Konstantinoful New Roma na Bishops - Na biyu a muhimmanci ga mannyan birai na Roman Katolika.

Idan a farko, kamar kafa a isasshe m hadu 'yan adawa a wasu siyasa da addini da'ira, ta hanyar karshen gaba karni shi ƙarfafa matsayin da sarki don haka da cewa ainahin rawa a cikin bayani da jihar da kuma coci harkokin wãyi gari marinjãya. Duk da haka, shi karshe an tabbatar da haka lush kuma wordy title.

Sarki - a azabtar da iconoclast

Tarihi na Byzantine Church sani da yawa ayyana kabila sunan har abada shiga da shi, kuma a cikin tsarkaka canonized. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne St Nicephorus, sarki na Konstantinoful, wanda shi ne patriarchal kujera da 806 da 815 a shekara.

A zamanin mulkinsa aka alama ta musamman m gwagwarmaya yakukuwan da magoya bayan iconoclasm - addini motsi, kãfirta game da veneration na gumaka da sauran alfarma images. A halin da ake ciki da aka fuskanta ita da cewa a cikin mabiya wannan Trend ya mai yawa m mutane, har ma da 'yan sarakuna.

Uba sarki Nicephorus, Sarkin sarakuna Constantine V matsayin sakataren domin gabatarwa da veneration na icons ya rasa aikinsa, kuma aka fitar da su Asia Ƙananan, inda ya rasu a gudun hijira. kamar yadda Nikifor da kansa, bayan 813 shekara a kan gadon sarautar da aka gina iconoclast sarki Leo Armenian, ta kasance a azabtar da ƙiyayya ga m images, da kuma kawo karshen kwanaki a shekara ta 828 a fursuna na daya daga cikin m gidajen lama. Ga mai girma sabis da Church, ya aka daga baya canonized. Yau, sarki na Konstantinoful St Nicephorus aka girmama ba kawai a gida amma kuma a cikin dukan Orthodox duniya.

Sarki Photios - gane da coci uba

Ci gaba da labarin da ya fi shahararren wakilan da Patriarchate na Konstantinoful, ba zai iya tuna da shahararren Byzantine theologian sarki Photios, wanda ya jagoranci garkensa zuwa 857 da 867 a shekara. Bayan Ioanna Zlatousta da Grgoriya Bogoslova ne na uku gane uba na coci, wanda aka gudanar da zarar na Konstantinoful.

haihuwarsa, ainihin ranar unknown. An yi imani da cewa ya zo a cikin duniya a cikin shekaru goma na farko na IX karni. Uwãyensa sun kasance musamman arziki da kuma m ilimi mutane, amma a zamanin mulkin Theophilus - m iconoclast -podverglis danniya da kuma ya tafi gudun hijira. A wannan suka mutu.

Sarki Photios gwagwarmaya tare da shugaban Kirista

Bayan Accession a kan karaga, wadannan da Sarkin sarakuna Michael III na qananan, Photius ya fara m aiki - da farko a matsayin malami, sa'an nan a cikin administrative da ayyukan addini. A 858, ya riqe da mafi ofishin a cikin coci matsayi. Amma shiru rayuwa ya ba wadãtar. Daga farkon zamanin sarki Fotiy Konstantinopolsky yana cikin farin ciki na fama da daban-daban jam'iyyun siyasa da kuma addini ƙungiyoyi.

Don babban har da halin da ake ciki ne ya dada tabarbare shi da adawa da kasashen yammaci Church, ya sa jayayya a kan iko a kan kudancin Italiya da Bulgaria. A Mafarin da rikici ya Paparoma. Sarki Konstantinopolskiy Foty ya yi magana da kaifi zargi, wanda ya sa aka excommunicated da shugaban Kirista da na coci. Ba so su zauna a bashi, sarki Photios ma anathematized da abokin gaba.

Daga zamani haramun to canonization

Daga baya a kan, riga a cikin lokaci na gaba sarki, Basil I, Photios ya aka azabtar da kotun mãkirci. Tasiri a kotu samu shi da magoya bayan da sabani cikin jam'iyyun siyasa, kazalika da baya hambararren sarki Ignatius I. A sakamakon haka, Photios, don haka matsananciyar zo Grips tare da shugaban Kirista, da aka sallame daga sashen, excommunicated kuma ya mutu a cikin zaman talala.

Bayan kusan shekara dubu, a 1847, lokacin da Primate of The Church of Konstantinoful ya sarki VI na Anthimus, zamani haramun ga m sarki an cire, da kuma, saboda ayyukan mu'ujizai da yawa yi a kabarinsa, ya aka canonized. Duk da haka, Rasha ta ba a gane da yi domin a yawan dalilai, wanda ya kai ga tattaunawa tsakanin wakilan mafi daga cikin majami'u da Orthodox duniya.

Legal yi, unacceptable zuwa Rasha

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Roman Katolika domin mutane da yawa ƙarni ki gane coci na Konstantinoful mai daraja wuri sau uku. Dad canza tunaninsa kawai bayan a 1439 da ake kira kungiyar da aka sanya hannu a Majalisar Florence - hadewar yarjejeniya da Katolika da kuma Orthodox majami'u.

Wannan harka bayar ga m primacy na Paparoma, da kuma, yayin da rike Eastern coci na da nasu ayyukan hajji, ta yarda na Katolika akidarsu. Yana da na halitta da cewa irin wannan yarjejeniya gudanar counter ga bukatun na Yarjejeniya na Rasha Orthodox Church, aka ƙi da Moscow, da kuma ya sa ya sanya hannu Lardi Isidor hana girma.

Kirista ayyana kabila a Musulunci jihar

Kasa da daya da rabi da suka gabata. A 1453, da Byzantine Empire rushewarta a karkashin mãsu alãma daga cikin Turkish sojojin. Biyu Roma ya fadi, da rashin wurin Moscow. Amma da Turks a cikin wannan harka sun nuna ƙwarai haƙuri ga addini ta'adda. Gina duk cibiyoyin na jihar ikon a kan ka'idojin Musulunci, suna, duk da haka, a yarda ya wanzu a kasar ne quite babban Kirista al'umma.

Tun daga nan, da sarki na Konstantinoful, da coci ya gaba daya rasa ta siyasa tasiri, zauna, Duk da haka, Kirista da shugabannin addini a cikin alumommin su. Retaining rated biyu wuri, su suna hana abu albarkatun da kusan babu arziki, aka tilasta su yi jãyayya da matsananci bukatar. Up ga kafa a 1589 na patriarchate a Rasha, sarki na Konstantinoful da aka kai na Rasha Orthodox Church, kuma mai karimci kyauta na Moscow sarakuna a yarda da shi to ko ta yaya yin iyakar saduwa.

Bi da bi, da sarki na Konstantinoful da kuma bai kasance a bashi. Shi ne a kan bankunan na Bosphorus aka tsarkake title na farko Rasha Tsar Ivan IV da Munin, da kuma sarki Ierimiya II albarka a Accession ga kujera na farko Moscow sarki Ayuba. Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin mataki wajen kasar ta ci gaba, wanda ya sa Rasha kan daidai da na sauran Orthodox kasashen.

m kishi

Domin fiye da karnuka uku, da Jikoki da Konstantinoful coci taka leda ne kawai a fadin rawar da shugabannin Kirista al'ummomi suna located a cikin m Ottoman Empire a sakamakon sakamakon yakin duniya na farko da aka ba m. A rayuwa na jihar, da yawa ya canza, kuma ko da tsohon babban birnin kasar na Konstantinoful a 1930 aka sake masa suna Istanbul.

A kango na da zarar mai tsananin ƙarfi Patriarchate na Konstantinoful nan da nan ya tsananta. Tun tsakiyar twenties karni na karshe da jagoranci ga rayayye aiwatar da manufar, bisa ga abin da sarki na Konstantinoful ya kamata a bai wa real ikon da samun dama ba kawai don kai wani addini rai na dukan Orthodox sassan duniya, amma kuma ya dauki bangare a warware ciki matsaloli na sauran autocephalous majami'u. Wannan matsayi ya zo karkashin wuta a cikin Orthodox duniya da kuma samu da sunan "gabashin popery."

Shari'a roko na da sarki

Sa hannu a shekarar 1923 Lausanne yarjejeniyar halatta a auka daga cikin Ottoman Empire da kuma kafa iyakoki na line na sabuwar kafa jihar. Ya kuma rubuta sunan wannan Ecumenical sarki na Konstantinoful a matsayin, amma gwamnati na zamani Turkish jamhuriyar ki yarda ya gane. Yana bada amsa kawai zuwa da amincewa da sarki na da Baturke Orthodox al'umma.

A shekarar 2008, sarki na Konstantinoful da aka tilasta ta daukaka kara zuwa Turai kotun kare hakkin bil'adama tare da kara da gwamnatin Turkey, daya daga cikin misappropriated Orthodox mafaka a Buyukada Island a Marmara Sea. A watan Yuli na wannan shekara, bayan bita da harka, da kotu da cikakken gamsu da roko, da kuma, haka ma, ya yi jawabin a kan fitarwa da doka matsayi. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan shi ne karo na farko da cewa Primate of The Church of Konstantinoful jawabi ga Turai kotu.

Legal daftarin aiki a 2010

Wani muhimmin doka daftarin aiki a mutunta mutane da yawa m na yanzu matsayi na sarki na Konstantinoful, ya ƙuduri soma da majalisar dokokin a Janairu 2010, da majalisar Turai. Wannan daftarin aiki na bukatar kafa na addini da 'yanci na wadanda ba musulmi mambobi na duk' yan tsiraru da suke zaune a Turkey da kuma Gabas ta Girka.

A wannan ƙuduri kira a kan Turkish gwamnatin girmama da suna "Ecumenical" a matsayin sarki na Konstantinoful, jerin wanda ke mayar da dama da ɗari mutane, da saka shi a kan tushen da ya dace da shari'a norms.

A halin yanzu Primate of The Church of Konstantinoful

Bright da kuma asali hali ne sarki na Konstantinoful Bartholomew I, da sarautarsa wanda aka kammala a watan Oktoba na shekarar 1991. Ya wadanda mutane sunan - Dimitrios Arhondonis. Greek da kasa, an haife shi a 1940 a tsibirin Imbros na zuwa Turkey. Karbar janar sakandare ilimi da kuma sauke karatu daga Halki seminary, Dimitrios, sa'ad da yake a cikin sahu na Irena, jami'i ne a cikin Turkish sojojin.

Bayan demobilization ya ya fara hawan duwatsu na Tauhidi, da ilmi ba. Cikin shekaru biyar Arhondonis horar a jami'o'i a Italiya, Switzerland da Jamus, tare da sakamakon cewa da shi ya zama wani likita na tauhidin da wani lecturer na Fadar Fafaroma Gregorian University.

Polyglot a kan patriarchal kujera

Ability don assimilate sanin wannan mutumin kawai mamaki ne. A cikin shekaru biyar na binciken ya ƙware Jamus, Faransa, Turanci da kuma Italiyanci. Ga shi wajibi ne don ƙara ƙasarsa ta Turkish harshe da kuma masu ilimin tauhidi - Latin. Bayan ya dawo zuwa Turkiyya, Dimitrios ya ratsa dukan matakai na addini matsayi, yayin da a shekarar 1991 ya kuma an zabe Primate na Church of Konstantinoful.

"Green sarki"

A fagen kasa da kasa da ayyukan Mafi Tsarki sarki Bartholomew na Konstantinoful samu daraja kamar yadda wani jirgin saman soja da adana wannan yanayi. A wannan shugabanci, ya kasance da Oganeza na lamba na kasa da kasa forums. Haka kuma an sani cewa sarki gudanar da aiki hadin gwiwa tare da wani yawan muhalli kungiyoyi. Domin cewa aiki duk-tsarki Bartholomew samu da unofficial suna - "Green sarki".

Sarki Bartholomew yana kusa dangantakar abokantaka tare da shugabannin Rasha Orthodox Church, to wanda ya kai ziyara nan da nan bayan sarautarsa a shekara ta 1991. A cikin shakka daga tattaunawar nan da Konstantinoful Primate bayyana goyon baya ga Rasha Orthodox Church na Moscow Patriarchate a cikin rikici tare da kai-shela da daga canonical ra'ayi, shege Kyivan Patriarchate. Irin wannan lambobi ci gaba a m shekaru.

Ecumenical sarki Bartholomew, Archbishop na Konstantinoful, ko da yaushe yana da akida yanke shawara a duk muhimmanci al'amura. A karin misalin wannan shi ne ya yi a cikin tarzomar, a 2004 a All Rasha Mutane Majalisar muhawara kan amincewa da Moscow Na uku Roma matsayi jaddada ta musamman addini da siyasa muhimmanci. A jawabin da ya gabatar, da sarki Allah wadai da wannan ra'ayi kamar yadda ƙarancin cancantar theologically da siyasa da hatsari.