Electric locomotive VL-80: halaye, rarraba da kuma amfani da

Kusan dukkan mu san cewa a manya-manyan yawan duk sufurin kaya a duniya shi daukawa fitar Railway kai. Amma ga post-Soviet sarari, a cikin wannan yanki da Railway - shi ne kusan cikakkar, undisputed jagora a cikin yawan hawa ta fasinja da kuma kaya zirga-zirga. Saboda haka, a wannan labarin, muna tattaunawa la'akari da daya daga cikin manyan inji cewa yin gogayya da daban-daban da motoci, da sunan wanda - lantarki locomotive VL-80.

janar bayanai

Wannan ikon jirgin kasa naúrar ne brainchild na Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Shuka. Yana da a wannan sha'anin lantarki locomotive VL-80 da aka tsara da kuma samar a duk ta data kasance versions. A wannan masana'antu makaman da za'ayi kawai taro aiki da duk ake bukata gyara kawota daga wasu kasashe na'ura-gini Enterprises. A total 2746 raka'a aka samar, da kuma na karshe mota bar taron jama'a layi a 1995.

bigiren

Electric sama 80 da hidima da aiki da dama kaya a cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje (Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan) kashin wutan lantarki lokaci yanzu da mita na 50 Hz Railways.

Duk da kayan aiki na locomotive aka mayar da hankali a kan yin aiki tare da catenary ƙarfin lantarki na 19-29 KV. Yanayi zazzabi a cikin wannan yanayin na iya zama a cikin kewayon daga -50 zuwa +40 digiri Celsius a zafi na 90% da kuma tsawo a matakin teku ba ta fi 1200 mita.

Design fasali

Locomotive VL-80 ya fita daga ƙofar factory hada da biyu daga sassan, ko da yake wasu lantarki model da uku ko hudu sassan, amma magana game da shi daga baya.

Idan akai la'akari da inji bangare VL80, mun lura cewa shi ne wakilta biyu cikakken m biyu-aksali bogies a cikin abin da Frames ake yi na welded. Qazanta goyon bayan nadi irin unsa a bogie firam ta hanyar shiru tubalan (wadannan su ne roba gidajen abinci kisa). Daga kuraye da jiki da kuma braking karfi daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar tunkuɗa su dari - sandunansu hinged connection. An lantarki motor samar da yunkuri na locomotive, kulla da axial goyon-rataye. injuna rubuta - NB-418K6. Daga cikin engine to da dabaran da nau'i-nau'i daga cikin juyawa yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar biyu-hanyar helical kaya baza tare da isasshe m kambi. Tun da yake wannan watsa kaya hakora da wasu karkata, da alkawari ne gaba daya ba a nan axial karfi, wanda a nuna, ƙwarai rage load a kan drive kuma qara sabis rai na sassa.

breakout kayan aiki

Electric sama 80 a kowane na da sashe sanye take da:

• Pantograph, wanda daukawa halin yanzu daga catenary. An located kai tsaye sama da direba ta gida.
• Main canza BOB-25M.
• Gogayya gidan wuta tare da wata mota-famfo mai irin.
• A biyu daga rectifier raka'a.
• Babban mai kula.
• Fazorasschepitelem don samar da uku lokaci, wanda aka hannu a ciyar da asynchronous Motors wasu karin raka'a.
• Hudu Motors, magoya, da sanyaya daban-daban kayan aiki da kuma inganta jikin locomotive. Biyu daga cikin mota ake bukata su kwantar da wani drive mota.
• Motor-CT 6EL kwampreso domin samar iska da ake bukata domin al'ada aiki na braking tsarin, ikon raka'a, high ƙarfin lantarki tarewa jam'iyya, emitting sauti sakonni sãɓãwar launukansa girma, aiki pneumatic actuator gilashin cleaners.

gidan wuta

Sanye take da gogayya Tuddan kuma Tuddan nasu bukatun ga irin ƙarfin lantarki a rago 399 V (rated kaya ne 380 C), abin da hidima ga powering da jam'i na karin iko haihuwarka. A cikin hali na manyan bambancin catenary ƙarfin lantarki da irin ƙarfin lantarki a karin injuna da aka stabilized da biyu kakar da ciwon da kansa ƙarfin lantarki na 210 V da 630 V. Su sauya sheka gidan wuta ya auku hannu. A babban injuna irin ƙarfin lantarki gyara ne operatively kai tsaye a cikin tsari sadarwarka.

ikon tausasãwa

Motsi lantarki ƙarfin lantarki faruwa a saboda canza, wacce ake kawota ga kowane drive mota. A wani daga cikin data kasance sama-gyare-gyare na 80 (sai dai sama 80r) da irin ƙarfin lantarki darajar a kan Ted aka gyara ta hanyar sauya sheka a karkashin load gidan wuta famfo yin amfani da wutar lantarki babban mai kula. Domin ya kawar da yiwuwar cewa inrush halin yanzu a lokacin mika mulki matsayi tsakanin gidan wuta da kuma mai kula da aka saka mika mulki reactor wanda ya yi aikin quenching da ya sauya sheka overloads amfani mai zaman kansa high inductance.

Tun da abubuwa wuce ta hanyar kawai babban igiyoyin, a wannan batun, su lambobi suna sanya na musamman carbon-azurfa mahadi. Total elektrokontroller (ECG) ya ƙunshi game da 12 kg na azurfa. ECG aka kore wani DC mota da ciwon wani irin ƙarfin lantarki na 50 V kuma wani ikon 500 W, a farawa a cikin abin da locomotive ne ko da yaushe markedly rage rage lighting da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin iko haihuwarka.

bugun lantarki sama 80r, a kan wanda bãbu shugaba elektrokontroller kayyade ta wata hanyar. Har ila yau, a locomotive yana da wani regenerative braking wanda ya samar da dawowar da cinye lantarki da makamashi da baya a cikin cibiyar sadarwa.

sigogi

Electric locomotive VL-80, da fasaha halaye na wanda aka nuna a kasa, an yi amfani da matsayin kaya da fasinja locomotive. Babban Manuniya wannan na'ura ne:

• Tsawon - 32480 mm.
• Height (auna daga dogo kai ga susceptor gudu tsallake) - 5100 mm.
• Sa'a ikon - 6520 kW.
• Tractive karfi - 4501 ton.
• Speed - 51,6 km / h.
• Ikon a ci gaba da aiki - 6160 kW.
• Tractive karfi a dogon lokaci aiki - 40.9 ton.
• Tractive karfi a farkon na motsi-65 mc.

model

Electric NEVZ samar a cikin daban-daban kayayyaki da kuma saboda su kewayon ne fadi da isa. Bari mu auna su a mafi daki-daki.

VL-80T

Its inji part kunshi hudu sassan da kuma karkashin sanya su nesochlenonnyh manyan motoci. Kowane sashe na da gefuna SA-3 coupler.

Kuraye suna sanya daga takardar katako, karshen firam na tubular irin da akwatin-sashe gefen bangon. Duk da sojojin da aiki a kan wutar lantarki locomotive sun ratsa ta cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da dakatar. A lura da kewaye hada da kewaye hutu, wanda ya maye gurbin da baya shigar fis din. Har ila yau, dan kadan modified da kuma samun iska tsarin: a free karfe walkways tare da corridor, da bar prechamber rage da kuma tashe zuwa rufin. Yana halartar canje-canje da lantarki circuitry. A musamman, sosai rheostat saka birki, braking resistors, sauya. Duk wannan ya haddasa wani gagarumin rearrangement na duk samuwa kayan aiki.

Aiki lantarki wa'azi ya furta cewa, a lokacin da ƙofar abun da ke ciki na da motsi gudun kada ta kasance fiye da 3 km / h. Wannan gaba daya kawar da yiwuwar tura da kuma lalata coupler.

VL-80s

A rarrabe da wannan locomotive shi ne cewa shi zai iya kai da direba uku ko fiye da sassan daga rai guda wasan bidiyo. Wannan ya zama zai yiwu bayan da tsarin da ya da yawa raka'a aka gabatar.

Locomotive inji da lantarki da kayan aiki ne kusan m zuwa HV-80T, amma akwai bambance-bambance:

• Akwai wani tsarin, wanda kara nuna aiki na da alaka sassan.
• Aiwatar iri-iri mezhelektrovoznye fili.

A hankali, da sufurin kaya jirgin VL-80 ° C yin daban-daban canje-canje don inganta AMINCI na na'ura da kuma rage matakin na ta samar da halin kaka. Alal misali, sabon Motors Ane-225L4UHL2 maimakon AE-92-4 da aka shigar. Har ila yau, a shekarar 1985, da dama model aka kafa ta dandana Ted. A karuwa a cikin mutum abubuwa na dukan tsarin da gabatarwar sabon raka'a ya nufi da cewa jimlar taro na locomotive aka ƙara da kuma kafa wani sabon maras muhimmanci ta adadi - 192 tons.

Aikin wannan locomotive a cikin hunturu yanayi na bukatar musamman da matakan kamar:

• Maye gurbin man shafawa rani zuwa hunturu.
• Kau da data kasance leaks a manhole murfin, jinsi, da kuma sauran yankunan na jiki.
• Dubawa baturi matsayi.
• Bita na motor-axial bearings da kuma kaya.

VL-80r

Wannan locomotive da aka ɓullo da shan la'akari da shortcomings na baya kuma samu damar zuwa regenerative braking. Har ila yau shi ne na farko da wutar lantarki locomotive a wadda ta kasance thyristor AC tsari. A cikin wadannan inji, masu kula, kamar CME-80 da aka shigar. Domin ya kula da al'ada zafin aiki na locomotive kayan aiki amfani TSVP64-14 magoya. Electric wannan samfurin da aka kuzari kamar wani jirgin kai a kan jiragen kasa na Krasnoyarsk yankin, Gabas-Siberian kuma Far Eastern hanyoyi. Af, na ƙwarai gaskiya: VL-80T - 1685 an da hannu a cikin yin fim aiwatar film "Highway", wanda ya zama fi so tsakanin gogaggen railwaymen.

A taksi na locomotive ne kusan m zuwa HV-80T, amma akwai guda biyu da bambance-bambance:

• A cikin babba dama kusurwa na sama 80r zubar musamman allon da ciwon takwas fitilu, kowanne daga abin da ya nuna a Jihar high-gudun sauya sassan.
• da direba mai kula da aka kaga a matsayin hannunka dabaran maimakon na liba.

VL-80K

Kowace daga cikin sassan na lantarki № zuwa 380 da aka Fitted da biyu centrifugal magoya rated a 40 kW kowane, ana amfani da su kwantar da gogayya Motors samuwa. A fan daukan iska ta cikin louvers zubar a gefen dama na jiki bango.

Tun № 380, biyu wheeled locomotive staffed centrifugal magoya, wanda aka kwashe ta gefe iska ci shutters.

sama 80cm

Wannan irin locomotive fara da za a samar a shekarar 1991 da kuma haifar da kawai shekaru hudu.

Fasali, shi ne ba ma daban-daban daga VL-80 ° C. Duk da haka, akwai wasu canje-canje. Saboda haka, 'yan canza su sanyi buffer fitilu kuma spotlights saka a kan rufin locomotive. A bayyanar shi ya kasance wani bit kama da VL-85.

HVL-80M

Electric, wanda aka yi amfani da su na yin musamman tsarin na lafiya gyara irin ƙarfin lantarki gogayya mota ta amfani da inverter VIP 4000M rectifier-inverter irin. An kuma shigar ci-gaba injuna NB-418KR.

Locomotive tare da kula da tsarin amfani da microprocessor fasaha da kuma bincikowa. Wannan shi na samar da duka biyu manual da kuma atomatik iko da wutar lantarki locomotive, na tabbatar da kariya da slipping da kuma skidding, iko da zumudi halin yanzu a cikin regenerative braking yanayin, iko da gudun ba da sanda-contactor na'urorin da kuma gane asali duk hardware Multi-ton na'ura.

locomotive iko naúrar yanzu ma fi ergonomic da kuma mai amfani-friendly. Mun fara nema kwandishana da sabon kujeru ga direba da mataimakansa.

tabbatarwa

Gyara lantarki sama da za'ayi a cikin biyu bambance-bambancen karatu:

1. Medium gyara - yana da za'ayi a samu wani na farko matakin na yi, kazalika da m ko full mayar aiki main sassa da kuma raka'a (dubawa kuma gyara daga igiyoyi, bututu da kuma wasu).
2. Overhaul - rage hanya cikakken duk sawa sassa da aka gyara. Idan dole da cikakken maye sawa gyara. A na'ura, a gaskiya, fahimta ga kowane dunƙule.

Kafin wani na sama iri gyara lantarki tsabtace na datti da kuma kura, karye a cikin sub-majalisai, wanda ake baya hõre wani sosai sosai jarrabawa domin sanin da har na lalacewa. A lokacin wanke lantarki kayan aiki duk da wayoyi da kuma kida an hõre m kadaici daga shiga wadannan tsaftacewa mafita.

Electric locomotives dangane da HV-80

Na'ura lantarki locomotive VL-80 tabbatar da haka dace da m, cewa shi saki tushen da dama sauran locomotives. Saboda haka, a 1999 Demikhovsky injiniya shuka hudu lantarki ED1 aka gina, wanda kunshi goma da motoci da jirgin kasa kai tsaye ED9T, kuma a duka biyu na ƙyallen maƙalawa a babban abun da ke ciki na railcars aka maye gurbinsu da lantarki VL80s sashe. Ed 1 da aka tsĩrar a cikin wani daffo Far hanya da kuma Khabarovsk-2. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2009, duk wadannan jiragen kasa da aka gaba daya dismantled.

A 2001, aikin da samuwar wani tsarin na biyu jiragen kasa da ya karu ta'aziyya da aka halitta. A saboda wannan dalili, wani lantarki jirgin kasa kekunan shanun ED4DK aka yi amfani, wanda aka sanya tsakanin sassan AC da kuma DC.

A marigayi 2001, da DMZ Ya halitta a jirgin kasa ED4DK-001, gefe daya daga wanda shi ne m sashe na HV-10-315 DC, da kuma a kan sauran - VL-80T-1138. Duk da haka, a cikin shakka daga m aiki, shi ya bayyana cewa hadin gwiwa aiki na wadannan raka'a biyu ne da ba zai yiwu ga fasaha dalilai. Jifar tabbaci cewa bauta Konawa sama sashe 10-315 ƙasa.

ƙarshe

Sufurin kaya jirgin kasa VL-80 da aka haka yadu yarda a rayuwarmu, cewa halitta na kwamfuta wasanni ko unsa shi a daya daga cikin halittun - Railroad Tycoon 3. Bugu da kari, shi ne matabbaci lantarki kwafin samu ta wurin a wasan STALKER