Fashewa da gidaje a Moscow (1999)

Daya daga cikin mafi ban tausayi lokacin da zamani a Rasha tarihi ne fashewa da gidaje a Moscow 1999. Daruruwan rayuwar talakawa 'yan ƙasa na Rasha da'awar wannan mummunan aikin' yan ta'adda, amma da yawa daga cikin al'amurran da suka shafi dangantaka da bala'i, har yanzu kasance a amsa ba. Yana sa a gaba a babbar dama versions na abin da ya faru, daga gaba daya idon basira to gaba daya dama. Bari mu yi kokarin gane abin da ya sa aka Harin a Moscow a 1999, da kuma wanda yake zargi domin wannan bala'i.

baya events

Domin ya fahimci abin da ya sa wadannan mugayen events, dole ne mu koma zuwa 1999. Fashe a zama gine-gine a birnin Moscow ake inextricably nasaba da tarihin wannan zamani.

Wannan shekara da aka alama ta da yawa a sauyi a ci gaba da Rasha Federation. Wannan lokacin da Rasha yana da wani sabon firaministan kasar, wanda a nan gaba ya zama shugaban kasa - Vladimir Putin. Haka ya faru a watan Agusta. V. V. Putin farko tabbatar da wani mutum wanda shi ne mafi kyau iya yi ba, abin da ya ce. A daidai wannan lokaci, a cikin m da'irori da ya bi da tuhuma, kamar yadda wani tsohon jami'in KGB. Harin a Moscow (1999) da kuma Putin, tare da haske hannun labarai za su sa'an nan a maimaita da aka ambata a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma mahada tsakanin da taron, da kuma Vladimir Vladimirovich kowane lokaci zai zama daban-daban. Duk da haka, latsa shi ne latsa, da za a yi mamaki. Amma mu digress shiru.

Wani sosai gagarumin taron a 1999 ya dawo da huldar makamai rikici a Arewa Caucasus, wanda bayan shiga a 1996 na Khasavyurt yarjejeniyar da aka a cikin daskararre mataki. Amma a cikin wannan watan na Agusta, kuma, kwana biyu kafin Putin aka nada firaministan kasar, mai iko rukuni na Chechnya mayakan jagorancin Shamil Basayev da Khattab mamaye Dagestan. Rasha sojojin sun kasance m juriya da kuma canjawa wuri soja ayyuka kai tsaye a kan ƙasa na Chechnya. Kamar wancan ne aka kaddamar da biyu Chechnya yaki. Wannan taron, bisa ga hukuma version, tsokani fashe da gidaje a Moscow. 1999 aka alama ta wani taron, wato tashi na Boris Yeltsin da shugabancin domin kiwon lafiya dalilai da kuma canja wurin da Vladimir Putin da dacewa dalĩli. Amma shi ya faru a karshen shekara, cewa shi ne, bayan da hukumar ayyukan ta'addanci.

Saboda haka, tare da wani tarihi na kan, mu tafi kai tsaye zuwa ga bayanin yadda za a bar su a baya da masifu na Satumba 1999.

A farko da harin ta'addanci

Fashewa da gidaje a Moscow a 1999 ya ba na farko da harin ta'addanci a cikin jerin irin faru da ya girgiza Rasha a watan Satumba 1999. A farko bala'i ya faru a cikin wani karamin Dagestani garin Buynaksk.

A Satumba 4, a game da biyar-labarin ginin inda iyalin rayu da Rasha soja, da aka nike up da mota dauke da bam. A sakamakon hare-haren ta'addanci kashe 64 mutane, na wanda kusan wata uku sun yara, da kuma 146 mutane samu raunin yana mai sãɓãnin mai tsanani. A cikin gidan biyu entrances kasance halakakku.

Amma wannan aikin ta'addanci, kamar yadda ya juya waje, kawai gabãta ko fiye da masifu da cewa ya faru a cikin wannan watan a Moscow.

A fashewa a kan Guryanov Street

Apartment hare a Moscow a 1999 bude hari a kan Guryanov Street, wanda ya faru kwanaki hudu bayan abubuwan da suka faru a Buynaksk, wato, da dare a kan Satumba 8.

Wannan lokaci, tara-buga. Domin biyu seconds kafin tsakar dare fashewa busa a cikinta, wanda damar ya 350 kg TNT. Haka ya faru saboda da fasa bama-bamai, dasa a kan benen kasa. Biyu ƙofar Haikalin aka gaba daya hallaka. Bugu da kari, muhimmanci lalace tsarin m flats. Daga baya sai aka gaba daya rushe ta gyara sabis, kamar yadda suke wakiltar wani hatsari ga mazauna da kuma mutane a kan titi. A site na biyu gidaje daga baya ya gina wani sabon high-Yunƙurin gine-gine.

Saboda fashewa da wannan lokaci, 106, an kashe mutane da 690 suka ji rauni.

fashewa Kashirskoye

A halin yanzu, sabon Apartment hare a Moscow (1999) ya faru a ranar 13 ga watan Satumba. Guryanov shi ba ne kawai titi na babban birnin kasar, ya samu da harin ta'addanci. Wani sabon fashewa ya faru a cikin takwas labarin gininsa a kan Kashirskoye.

A wannan lokaci, ba mutum entrances sun sha wahala, da dukan iyalin gidan da aka kusan gaba daya hallaka. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ginin da aka yi bulo. Kashe 124 mutane bakwai suka jikkata.

A jama'ar na babban birnin kasar da kuma fadin kasar sun zuga Apartment hare a Moscow (1999). Kashirskoye lura da mafi yawan wadanda ke fama da irin wannan abubuwan da suka faru a Rasha, ko da yake m ikon baya ga abin da aka aza a cikin gidan a kan Guryanov Street, kuma ya yi game da 300 kg na TNT. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, babban dalilin mafi wadanda a wani m cajin damar su ne fasaha fasali na ginin Tsarin.

Wani hari ya faru a kan Satumba 16 a wani Rasha birni - Volgodonsk. Ya tare da shi cikin rayuwar mutane goma sha takwas. Ko da yake wannan bala'i ya faru ba a Moscow, shi ne mai ci gaba da jerin fashewar da ya girgiza Rasha a watan Satumba 1999. Da ya faru a Volgodonsk rufe jerin 'yan ta'adda a cikin lokaci a karkashin shawara.

effects

All Rasha da kuma duniya rocked Apartment hare a Moscow (1999). A sakamakon su ne mafi ban tausayi. A sakamakon harin 'yan ta'adda a cikin babban birnin kasar (ba ciki har da wasu birane), ya kashe 230 mutane, wani 697 suka ji rauni sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na tsanani. Bugu da kari, an kusan razed a kasa daya takwas labarin gini, kuma a tara an halaka biyu entrances. Wani gini da aka gwaji lalacewar Tsarin. Kamar yadda ka gani, a wajen ban tausayi da kuma yankunan da sakamakon jagoranci hare-hare a Moscow (1999). Adiresoshin na gine-gine inda mutane suke shan wahala a sakamakon hare-haren ta'addanci, da wadannan:

• Str. Guryanov, 19;
• Str. Guryanov, 17;
• Kashirskoye sh. 6.

da hukumomi da 'mayar da martani ne gaggãwar. Nan da nan bayan tashin bam na farko ya faru gidaje a Moscow (1999), aka kaddamar da wani m bincike na aukuwa da jami'an tsaro. Bugu da kari, daya daga cikin sakamakon harin 'yan ta'adda za a iya daukarsa kunnawa da ayyuka na Rasha jami'an tsaro a Arewa Caucasus, da nufin yaƙi da Chechnya da kuma Dagestani maharan da kuma' yan ta'adda.

A Sanadin fashewar

Fashewa da gidaje a Moscow a 1999 da farkon latsa da kuma wakilan hukumomin da fari nasaba da sabunta makamai rikici a Arewa Caucasus. Daga baya wani jami'in bincike ya tabbatar da cewa version.

Ko da 'yan ta'adda da ake ba musamman boye. Bayan haka, misali, da hidima ga tabbatar da sanarwa da Satumba 14 da shugaban na Islama motsi "Ansar al-Sharia," in da ya yi magana approvingly na harin 'yan ta'adda, da kuma daura su tare da ramuwa ga Caucasus Rasha hare-hare a Chechnya da kuma Dagestan. A lokaci guda, da m yaki Shamil Basayev, a gane kasa da kasa da 'yan ta'adda ya sanar da rashin laifi to wadannan jini events. Kuma a nan ne wani tsauraran shugaban Khattab kafin bayani da aka yi cewa zai yi yaƙi ba kawai tare da Rasha jami'an tsaro, amma kuma tare da dukan mutane.

bincike

Hukumance, da m hali, wanda aka yi nufi ga gudanar da bincike da fashewa da gidaje a Moscow (1999) da aka bude a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba, wato, da rana bayan da bala'i a kan Guryanov Street. Tuni a cikin wannan watan, kafa da ikon yinsa, daga cikin wadanda ake zargin, wanda mafi yawansu aka nan da nan dauka a tsare.

A lokacin da gudanar da bincike na da babban adadin shaida incriminating cikin wadanda ake zargin da aka samu. Bugu da kari, da gudanar da bincike saukar da wani yawan laifi ayyuka da jami'an tsaro, ya rufe idanunsa gama cin hanci a kiyaye da yarjejeniya, wanda zai taimaka wajen hana bala'i. Amma, ba shakka, ba su da ra'ayin matuƙar raga na 'yan ta'adda, amma, duk da haka, bai wa janar shugabanci na su da ayyukan miyagu, ya karbi kurkuku sentences.

gudanar da bincike binciken

Saboda haka, za mu je zuwa babban. Suka aikata wadannan hare-hare a Moscow a 1999? Bisa ga binciken, shi ne a fili a shirin kaiwa mataki, wanda yana da abokan ciniki da kuma kai tsaye executors.

A gudanar da bincike ya bayyana cewa, kasa da kasa kungiyar 'yan ta'adda "Islamic Institute" Caucasus "," karkashin jagorancin Khattab da kuma Abu Umar shi ne tsarin, wanda izini da kudi da hare-haren na Apartment gine-gine a Moscow (1999). The aikin 'yan ta'adda jajirce kai tsaye mambobi ne na} ungiyar "Karachai Jamaat".

Ana rinjayar yadda bayanan da aka fili shirya kai hare-haren. fiye da wata daya shirya domin su. Domin shirya ba to jawo hankalin da hankali, ko da gunki kamfanin "LLC" Brand-2 "", wanda hayarsa gabatarwa da aka rajista, a gidaje, inda aka shirya ya nuna fashewar. Gaskiyar cewa bayan na farko aikin 'yan ta'adda a birnin Moscow jami'an tsaron kasa hana wani na biyu, ko da sanin game da yiwu hadari, sake shi ne wani nuni ne na tsanani m na shirya kuma aikatawa ga aiki. Na yi tunani shi ne duk up to trifles, kafa lambobi tare da mutanen da suke an tilasta saninsa zama raka da laifi, ba da sanin abin da suka kasance sunã aikatãwa zai iya sa. A lokaci guda, babban manufar 'yan ta'adda aiki da aka sa a hankali tsare sirri, wanda shi ne quite sabon abu ga irin tsauraran kungiyoyin a matsayin "Karachai Jamaat".

horo

Mafi yawan wadanda suka shirya da kuma za'ayi da kai hare-haren a Moscow (1999), da FSB da sauran jami'an tsaron gudanar ya kafa. Mafi yawa sun kasance daga Arewa kasashe (Karachays, Dagestanians et al.), Kuma Arab. Wasu daga cikin su an tsare ta Rasha ta jami'an tsaro da sauransu - suna kama a kasashen waje, sa'an nan kuma bude shari'ar a Rasha, wasu - kashe a lokacin musamman aiki na musamman da sabis, na huɗu - sun mutu a wasu yanayi. Yana gudanar don kauce wa azãba kawai raka'a, amma su suna tilasta su boye da kullum a cikin tsoron cewa za su cimma hannu na shari'a.

Mutane masu suna kai tsaye da hannu a cikin hare-haren a Moscow ne Dekkushev A., H. Abba, Krymshamkhalov Yu, D. Saitakov, R. Ahmyarov A. Gochijaev. All daga gare su, sai na karshe daya, a wannan lokacin ko dai kashe ko bauta wa wani hukunci na ɗaurin rai da rai. Achimez Gochijaev, wanda aka hannu a cikin kai tsaye dubawa na kungiyar na kai hare-hare, shi ne a halin yanzu a kan kasa da kasa so jerin. A cewar rahotannin da ba tabbatar, ya halin yanzu boye a Turkey, ko da yake abin dogara bayani game da shi ya ba har ma a 2002. Saboda haka yana da quite yiwu cewa cewa Achimez Gochiyayev ne ba da rai.

Kara kama da waɗanda aka ga sun kai tsaye abokan ciniki na ayyukan ta'addanci. Saboda haka, 'yan ta'adda shugaban Khattab aka shafe ta da Rasha tsaro sabis a 2002, da kuma mataimaki Abu Umar - a 2001. Dukansu biyu suna kabilanci Larabawa da ya dauki mai aiki part a cikin kungiyar na yaki da Chechnya awaren, Rasha Federation. Khattab kuma Abu Umar posthumously aka gane da kotun Rasha da laifin bada umarnin kai hare-haren da ya faru a birnin Moscow a shekarar 1999.

A general, kotun ta tabbatar da binciken na gudanar da bincike da kuma sauran hannu na mutane da kuma kungiyoyi 'yan ta'adda a da ya girgiza babban birnin da kuma sauran garuruwa na Rasha Federation a karshen na karshe karni. A halin yanzu a gaskiya da kai hare-hare a 1999 bauta wa wani rai jumla Yusuf Krymshamhalov Adam Dekkushev.

Daga cikin wadanda suka jinkirta bai yi aiki ba, amma kasa kawar da Rasha tsaro sabis ko wasu jami'an tsaron da ya kamata a kira Ravil Ahmyarova, Denis Saytakova, Hakim Abaev. Jojiyanci jami'an 'yan sanda da aka kashe Timur Batchaev, wanda shi ne babban zargi na harka na fashe a Volgodonsk. A daidai wannan lokaci da Jojiyanci dokar tilasta bin gudanar ya hana da kuma Yusuf Krymshamkhalov daga baya bude shari'ar a Rasha da yi wa daurin rai da rai.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa shi wani al'amari na girmamawa laifi azabtar da cin zarafin da bam a Moscow (1999) ga gwamnatin Rasha da kuma Putin VV da sauran jami'an a kowane hanya da gudummawar da aikace-aikace da kuma ko da kara kuzari na ayyuka na gudanar da bincike don gano da kuma tsara da cin zarafin. A gwamnati ta fahimci cewa idan shi ba zai iya azabtar da 'yan ta'adda, da mutane kawai daina yin imani da shi, jin defenseless da barazana da ta'addanci. Yana da wani fili da kuma dace shiri na binciken ayyuka da kuma tallafi na matakan da za a sa a kashe ta kama laifi taka muhimmiyar rawa a gaskiyar cewa Rasha mutane suka fara yin shirki da nasu gwamnatin gaske aiki inji wanda ke iya aiwatar da dokar a ko'ina cikin kasar.

A tunawa da harin 'yan ta'adda

A tunawa da harin 'yan ta'adda da ya faru a birnin Moscow, kuma da dama wasu Rasha birane a 1999, har yanzu murna mutane. Hakika, 'yan kaxan mutane son maimaita wadannan jini events, a Bugu da kari, mutane da yawa suna tsoron cewa wannan zai iya faru a sake a nan gaba, don haka ya kamata mu ka manta baya. Innocent wadanda ke fama da hare haren, wanda kwashe rai na fashe, cancanci a tuna game da su a Rasha.

Tuni a cikin shekara ta 2000 a shafin na 'yan ta'adda hari a kan Guryanov Street gina wani tunawa alama. Bugu da kari, cikin ƙwaƙwalwar wadanda suka mutu a wannan shekarar ya fara da gina ɗakin sujada coci. Construction da aka kammala a 2004. Yana da aka] a] en da gudunmawa daga duka sauran al'umma kasuwanci abokai.

Mu da aka ba a manta da kuma wadanda ke fama da fashewar abubuwa a kan Kashira Babbar Hanya. Memorial Park, sadaukar domin su memory, aka aza a kusa da tsãwa shafin.

Ma'ana na fashe a Moscow

Very manyan jama'a amsa yana da wani harin bom da gine-gine a Moscow (1999). Hotuna daga halartar da bala'i ya tashi a kan dukan manyan tashoshin talabijin da kuma jaridu. Kamar yadda kare kansu a cikin m hali akwai wakilai na Arewa Caucasian mutane (yafi Karachai da Dagestani), a matsayin sa ran, da fushin da Rasha 'yan ƙasa da aka directed zuwa gare su.

Bugu da kari, da hare-haren alhãli kuwa kuna sane ko saninsa ba da gudummawar da cewa mafiya yawa daga Rasha jama'a suka a cikin ni'imar aiki tashin a cikin Caucasus da mayakan 'yan ta'adda da kuma, kazalika da manufofin gwamnati. A Rasha hukumomi sun samu goyon baya na mafi yawan al'ummomin kasa da kasa, ciki har da Amurka. Idan har sa'an nan, da yawa jihohin gane da yaki a Chechnya kamar yadda kwata 'yanci gwagwarmaya na Chechnya mutane, bayan da aka kai harin a Moscow da wasu birane na Rasha Arewa Caucasus' yan tawayen sun zama hade da kasa da kasa da ta'addanci.

A lokaci guda ya kamata a lura da cewa fashewar iya haifar da wani backlash da, misali, don shawo mutane a cikin hukumomin 'gazawar kare shi daga matsanancin ra'ayi da cewa zai kara gurgunta halin da ake ciki. Idan shirya na fashewa, kazalika saukar da wani sakamako, su ne shugabannin Arewa Caucasian mayakan, kawai wannan suka lasafta, kazalika don tursasa wa jama'a.

Duk abin da ya, amma kuma bayan hare-haren ta'addanci Rasha ya koma cikin wani aiki na zamani da yaki da ta'addanci da kuma tsattsauran ra'ayi a Arewa Caucasus. Kuma ayyuka na Rasha jami'an tsaron sun kasance mun gwada nasara. Wannan yarda a 2009 zuwa bayyana cikin nasara kammala counterterrorist aiki.

Duk da hukuma binciken da bincike da kuma adjudication mutane da suke da hannu a shirya kai hare haren, da yawa daga cikin cikakkun bayanai na harka har yanzu suna da wani asiri, kuma tãyar da tambayoyi, kamar yadda a cikin latsa kuma tsakanin talakawa 'yan ƙasa. Warware duk asirai akwai wadannan masifu? Chances ne, idan ta faru, shi ne ba a nan gaba. Amma, duk da ko da abin da, dole mu tuna da wadanda suka yi garkuwa da su zama zuwa na siyasa ba.