Francis Bret Harte: biography, littattafai, photos

Tun da mutuwar sanannen marubuci Bret Harte ya fiye da karni. Amma ayyukansa rubuta a cikin 60-70-ies na XIX karni har yanzu ne na darajar jama'a, a duniya.

Known facts daga biography of American marubuci

Agusta 25, 1836, a Jihar New York, a Albany aka haife Francis Bret Harte - sanannen marubuci na idon basira litattafan da shayari. Ya aka mai suna bayan kaka. Francis mahaifin yi aiki a matsayin malami na Greek harshe a institute. Daga wani wuri shekaru Bret Harte kaunace don karanta littattafai. Ya kasance m da ayyukan mawallafa irin su Shakespeare, Dumas, Dickens, wanda babu shakka rinjayi aikinsa.

A 1845, lokacin da ya kasance kawai 9 shekaru haihuwa, mahaifinsa ya rasu. The iyali zo kudi matsaloli sun kai ga m canje-canje na zama. Mawallafin karatu a makaranta har shekaru 13, sa'an nan kuma samu wani magatakarda aikatãwa wani rai da kuma taimaka wa iyalinsa.

Uwarsa, a karo na biyu ta yi aure, a cikin 1854, Bret Harte tafi ya zauna tare da ita a California a San Francisco, inda da albarku na hakar gwal. A cikin wannan birnin, da marubuci ya aikatãwa wani malami da kuma harhaɗa magunguna, Courier da newspaperman. Shi ma wani malami a zaman gidajensu, wani dan jarida da kuma wani prospector.

Fara wallafe-wallafen aiki

Jobs in San Francisco a The Californian mujallar yarda Bret zuwa buga su da labaru a karon farko a 1856-m. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya tafi zuwa Uniontown a search na rayuwa, da aka shirya a cikin littafin "Notern Californian" labaru. Amma a cikin wannan birni American marubuci bai zauna dogon. Ya yi komawa zuwa San Francisco a farkon 1860, saboda scandalous littafin a cikin kisan fiye da 50 Indiyawan kusa da kogin Laka.

A isowa a California fara aiki a matsayin marubuci a jaridar "Golden Era" Typewriting, da kuma wani lokacin da ya yarda ya rubuta masa bayanin kula. Saboda haka, a karkashin articles marubuci ya fara bayyana sa hannu - Bret Harte.

Domin shekaru uku, marubuci tsunduma a cikin littafin da ya fi muhimmanci a cikin farkon 70-ies na Yammacin Amirka mujallar The Overland Monthly ( "Overland Monthly"), sa'an nan sanã'anta daraja. A 1871 Gart Bret ne barin California for kyau. Ya ci gaba da yawon shakatawa na Gabashi da Amurka da kuma Canada. A lokacin tafiya, ya ba da laccar, wadda ake bisa matsalar na Jihar California.

A ƙarshe, a cikin shekaru arba'in da biyu shekaru, Bret Hart bar Amurka da kuma matsa zuwa Turai. A marubuci kokarin kansa a cikin rawar da Amirka jakadan a Jamus da kuma UK - a garuruwan Krefeld da Glasgow. May 5, 1902, yana da shekaru 66 Gart Bret mutu a London.

A farko a san

Duniya sanannen American marubuci Francis Bret Harte kawo shi "California Stories". A tsawon rayuwar, ya sadaukar da idon basira rubuce-rubucen. Mawallafin dõgara a kan daidai facts cewa janyo hankalin m jama'a da hankali ga aikinsa.

Rayuwa a San Francisco, Bret Harte, wanda littattafai na mu lokacin da za a yi wani m darajar, ya rubuta ya fi kyau ayyukansu. A 1870 ya wallafa wani tarin mai taken "Farin Ciki ruri Camp". Wannan littafin yana dauke irin labarun: "Mliss", "talala Poker Flat," "Pagan Wang Li." Used haruffa a cikin labarai ba almara da kuma idealized. Marubuci nuna da hujjojin da na hakikanin rai na Amirkawa a lokacin hakar gwal a California.

Aiki tare da ba da nasara

Tun wannan lokacin, kamar yadda Bret Hart bar California, ya fara fuskanci wani m marubuci ta block. Amma, kasancewa a} asar waje, marubucin bai sami damar zuwa da zama dole kayan aikin da suka aikata. Daya daga cikin mafi kyau litattafan da marigayi mawallafin ne "Jibra'ilu Conroy", rubuta a 1876. Wannan tarin hada da irin labarun kamar yadda "Clarence", "Steppe foundling" da "Suzy". A wannan lokacin, Hart saki cikin play "Biyu daga cikin Sandy Bar". Tare da Mark Twain, ya rubuta wata} asida "A Zunubi". Wadannan ayyuka sun ba nasara.

Recent yabo ga American marubuci ya juya a cikin m zargi. Abokinsa Mark Tven ce: "gaisuwa da kuma gaisuwa Bret Harte mutu a San Francisco!" Tun 1878, marubucin "California labaru game Gold hakar gwal" sha wahala na hankali da rikicin kudi. Ya ci gaba da aiki a Turai, ba biya da hankali ga tabarbarewar kiwon lafiya, amma bai iya cimma farkon nasara.

shahararren ayyukansu

Mutane da yawa labari Garth zama paradigmatic. Shi ne marubucin littattafan: "The uku tramps daga Trinidad", "Gano a shining taurari", "Esmeralda m kanyon labaru.".

Amma da farko daraja, da ɗaukaka, da marubuci ya zo da labarin "Farin Ciki ruri Camp", wanda ya zama m ba kawai a Amurka, amma kuma yanzu bayan ta kan iyakoki. A aikinsa, Bret Harte bayyana m labarin cewa ya faru a daya daga California ta al'ummomi daga zinariya hakar gwal. Yana gaya yadda ko da da juyi daga cikin mazaunan kauyen da mashayi kula da yaro, wanda aka bar wani maraya.

Na dogon lokaci saboda wannan labarin, American al'umma ya mai suna Bret Harte marubuci na} asar waje,, "bad American". Amma aikinsa tare da m gudun zama mai farin jini a Turai, sun aka fassara a cikin harsuna da yawa.