Gãfarta ethyl barasa. Ethyl barasa - amfani. ethyl barasa

Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa a matsayin babban albarkatun kasa domin samar da abubuwan sha ne gãfarta ethyl barasa. Yana nemaloznachimy samfurin a cikin wannan yanki. Don ƙarin bayani a ƙasa.

Description of abu

Ethyl barasa gãfarta ne a colorless m ruwa, wadda ba a wari da kuma aftertaste. A takamaiman nauyi daga cikin samfurin a 20 ° C daidai 0,78927 g / cm3. Ethanol, ko ethyl barasa, aka farko hada a 1855 daga ethylene. Wannan abu ne mai flammable ruwa. Lokacin da aka kafa ta konewa na ruwa da carbon dioxide. barasa vapors ne cutarwa ga kiwon lafiya. Matsakaicin canja maida hankali a cikin iska da aka dauke su 1 MG / l. Its daskarewa zafin jiki ne -117 ° C da kuma tafasar batu: +78,2 ° C.

Ethanol - mai dabara

Yana da muhimmanci a san. A general sinadaran dabara na ethanol: C ₂ H ₅ OH. Yana nuna da abun da ke ciki na samfurin da aka kafa tukuna a 1807. Amma kawai bayan shi ya yi nasara a rairaya ethyl barasa tsarin dabara da aka samu. An rubuta kamar haka: CH ₃ CH ₂ OH.

Ethanol ne mai cikakken barasa da kuma, tun da shi ya ƙunshi daya kawai OH kungiyar, tana nufin wani monatomic category. A gaban hydroxyl kungiyoyin kayyade sinadaran Properties daga cikin abu, kazalika da dauki samfurin da rauni.

Lokacin da aka adana a unsealed kwantena ethyl barasa evaporates da danshi ne tunawa daga cikin iska. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ethanol tana nufin wani abu hygroscopic. Saboda gaskiya cewa ya ce samfurin yana da wani tsarin kama da ruwa, shi za a iya gauraye da shi a cikin wani rabbai.

Ethyl barasa gãfarta, sakamakon wani m yanayi, shi yana da dan kadan acidic dauki. Yana da wani m hujja. Ya ƙunshi wani karamin adadin Organic acid. Reaction na chemically m ethyl barasa tsaka tsaki. Ya kamata a tuna.

Bukatun da shafi ingancin hatsi

Babban kalubale da fuskantar da masana'antun na giya, shi ne a samar da ethyl barasa daga cikin mafi ingancin. Jihar matsayin da sauran dokokin da takardun zuwa ga wannan babban bukatun, wanda zai shafi physico-sinadaran da organoleptic sigogi. Ethanol da aka samu daga daban-daban halitta kayan.

Yi na ce wakili daga m raw kayan ne biotechnological samar, wanda yana amfani da kwayoyin maida sitaci cikin fermentable sugars, sa'an nan a shirye abu - ethanol. Duk matakai na yarda da hatsi don gyãrawa dauke da wani babban adadin sinadaran da kuma inji tafiyar matakai. Kowace daga cikin wadannan rinjayar da organoleptic halaye na ethyl barasa. Wannan za a yi bayani daga baya.

Dalilai da shafi cikin organoleptic halaye

A wannan yanayin:

• Sanitary yanayin kayan aiki domin samar da (bututun vaporization jam'iyya, zafi exchangers, canja wurin tank).
• Ingancin albarkatun kasa (irin na hatsi, da yanayi na ajiya, matsayi, da kuma wari al.).
• Mai amfani flowsheet feed shiri (enzymatic makanikai, gargajiya).
• A lura tsari (sami 'yancin, a wani sito, a samar).
• Amfani da yisti jinsunan.
• A ci gaba da fermentation tsari (duration, karuwa da acidity).
• Amfani support kayan (magunguna iri iri da kuma disinfectants).

Daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan ne ingancin da raw kayan amfani. A halin da ake ciki tare da shi ne da wuya, tun da babu wani jama'a da wadata na hatsi. Saboda haka, da girma daga cikin raw kayan amfani ne tsĩrar da kamfanin karkashin kwangilar. Sun kammala tare da daban-daban kaya a shawarce farashin.

Don kwanan wata, akwai wani kasa misali, ko wasu normative da fasaha takardun, wanda zai fili ayyana dukan bukatun for hatsi, da amfani ga yi wannan samfurin. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikinsu suna gyarawa a cikin "Dokokin a kan samar da barasa daga sitaci-dauke da albarkatun kasa." Daga cikin su - da abun ciki na daban-daban mai guba abin gurɓatawa (iri weeds, da dai sauransu ...), kwaro infestation na ciyawa, kazalika da kafa Datti.

A amfani da alcohols a yi giya bukatar wani high quality na sakamakon samfurin. Daga jihar na hatsi amfani da shi ne kai tsaye dogara a kan organoleptic Properties daga cikin sakamakon daga gare ce abu. A mafi muhimmanci nuna alama daga cikin albarkatun kasa ne ta wari. Saboda da capillary-porous tsarin da hatsi da kuma m taro skvazhistosti shi iya adsorb (sha) da daban-daban gas da kuma vapors daga yanayi. A albarkatun kasa da cewa shi ne kamuwa da ajiya kwari, iya ƙunsar kayayyakin na rayuwa. Idan hatsi mites ne ba, shi worsens da launi da dandano, amma kuma kafa wani takamaiman wari. Lalacewar da wannan daina kai hare hare kayan halitta sharadi gwargwado ga da ake dasu girma da kuma jari na mycotoxins. Amfani da wannan hatsi zuwa tsirar kamar yadda zai yiwu. Duk da haka, da manyan yawan kwari adversely rinjayar da organoleptic halaye na da sakamakon barasa.

Domin yi na ce samfurin ne sau da yawa matalauta ingancin da ake amfani da m hatsi, daga cikinsu m da kuma freshly girbe, lalace bushewa, hõre kai-dumama, da kuma rauni ergot smut da Fusarium. Yana da wani m hujja. A lokacin da aiki na freshly girbe hatsi zuwa nunarsa ba tare da daukan hotuna fasahar take hakkin ya auku, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wahala na Mash da kuma, sabili da haka, gagarumin karu a yi da m daki.

A launi daga cikin albarkatun kasa, lalace ta hanyar bushewa, zai iya bambanta daga haske launin ruwan kasa a baki. Yana da muhimmanci a san. Hatsi baki hannu zuwa shara. A sakamakon wannan tsari shi, kawai hadawa da lafiya. Saboda haka, ya halatta kudi na ƙone hatsi kada ta kasance fiye da 10%. A amfani da alcohols domin samar da high quality giya fiye da kima da wannan adadi ne unacceptable.

Raw gurbata ergot da smut zama mai guba, tun da shi ya ƙunshi daban-daban alkaloids (argonin, ergotamine, kortunin da dai sauransu). Cutarwa impurities ne sosai a ke so, domin suna shafar organoleptic Manuniya barasa da kuma ya ba shi sharpness, haushi da kuma pungency. Duk da haka, da albarkatun kasa za a iya sarrafa shi da lafiya hatsi. Kamar wancan ne da abun ciki ya kamata ba fiye 8-10%.

Hatsi, wanda ake amfani da barasa samarwa, kunshi sitaci (65 - 68% a kan sandararriyar abu), kazalika da gina jiki, mai, free sugars, ma'adanai, polysaccharides, dextrin. All jera mahadi a daban-daban matakai na aiwatar da hannu a daban-daban biochemical halayen.

Wani abin da rinjayar da organoleptic Properties na ƙãre samfurin ne a malt da fermentation shirye-shirye mikroorganizmennyh amfanin gona (saccharifying kayan). Ya kamata kuma a ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi. Popular sau da yawa kamu da wadannan kwayoyi za a iya amfani da su a masana'antu. Yana kuma iya faruwa da cewa su zo daga wata rashin enzymatic aiki. A irin wannan yanayi na faruwa kamuwa da fermentation tsari. A sakamakon haka ne ginawa-up na wašanda ba'aso sharar kayayyakin da yisti. Saboda haka, hadawan abu da iskar shaka na barasa rage-rage. Saboda wannan, shi ne samun muni wari da kuma iyawa.

A ingancin da barasa kai tsaye dogara a kan daban-daban iri yisti amfani. Su dace selection da kuma faye hali na m fermentation damar zuwa samu ya ce samfurin ciwon low abun ciki na asali impurities.

Shi ne kuma wani muhimmin bangaren a samar da barasa ne ruwa. Daga ta tsarki (adadin kwayoyin ba, kuma daban-daban da narkar da a cikinta Chemicals) ingancin samfurin samar dogara. Zai fi kyau amfani da ruwa da cewa ya zo daga artesian marẽmari.

Har ila yau, lura da cewa bayan da tsaftacewa samfurin kasance a ce daban-daban mai guba gurɓatawa. Higher esters ne wani lokacin ba a samar da barasa, zai iya goya mai haske, wani suma Fruity wari. Yana da wani m hujja. Amma gaban diethyl ether bada suna samfurin haushi kuma, surkin jini wari.

A ingancin abu da kuma ta organoleptic halaye an ma ya rinjayi daban-daban atypical impurities ko wasu da ake dasu gubobi, da magungunan kashe qwari da kuma sauransu.

barasa samar da fasahar

Wannan abu ne a kusa look. Gãfarta ethyl barasa za a iya sanya a cikin hanyoyi uku: da sinadaran, roba da kuma biochemical (enzymatic). Su zabi ya dogara a kan mutum.

• Enzymatic aiwatar da shiri na sukari barasa fermentation faruwa. Yana nemaloznachimy tsari. Ya za'ayi da mataki na yisti da kuma enzymes.
• Chemical aiwatar da shiri na barasa amfani, don samar da masana'antu da barasa daga shuka albarkatun kasa wanda yana da high fiber abun ciki (bambaro, sawdust, da dai sauransu). Har ila yau, an samar daga sulphite sayar da giya (ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda samar tõzarta).
• A roba tsari don samar da masana'antu da barasa ne mai ruwa dangane da ethylene a gaban mai kara kuzari. Wannan shi ne quite na kowa Hanyar.

Abinci gãfarta ethyl barasa da aka samu na musamman daga m feedstock. Fundamentally, wannan zai zama hatsi, molasses da dankali. Gãfarta ethyl barasa fasaha da tattalin daga wannan feedstock. Duk da haka, shi yana iya ƙunsar daban-daban impurities, wanda shi ne prohibitive ga masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci.

Production na ethyl barasa ne da za'ayi a cikin 3, saukarwa

• Preparatory. An tsarkake daga cikin feed impurities da kuma shirye-shiryen da malt.
• Main. A wannan mataki na dafa abinci daukan wuri da kuma saccharification na starchy raw kayan, fermentation, barasan da cuku liyafar barasa.
• Karshe - gyãrawa. Wannan tsari ne da maimaita barasan aka za'ayi domin manufar tsarkakewa daga ethanol daga daban-daban impurities.

Daya daga cikin mafi kyau iri na shuka kayan, wanda aka yi amfani don samar da wannan samfur ne a dankalin turawa. Domin wannan shi yana amfani da irin wannan irin wanda mallaka high starchy kuma sosai barga a kan ajiya. Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin sharaɗi ne ga samar.

Ya kamata ka kuma sani cewa masara ne ba kawai amfani da matsayin albarkatun kasa, amma kuma ga malt, wanda shine tushen enzymes cewa karya saukar sitaci zuwa fermentable sugars. Yana dogara da mutum sha'awa. Wasu shuke-shuke suna amfani maimakon malt enzyme shirye-shirye na da ake dasu asalin. Samun su daga kyawon tsayuwa. enzyme formulations na iya zama ko dai mai musanyawa na malt amfani da tare da shi a cikin daban-daban rabo.

Ƙayyade Properties na alcohols samar da fasaha. A kore jiki ya ƙunshi lamba na impurities wanda bambanta bisa ga tafasar zazzabi. Su ne da-kayayyakin a lokacin fermentation. Su saura yawa da kuma abun da ke ciki shafi ingancin da barasa samar liquors. Wannan shi ne wani gagarumin al'amari.

kayan aiki ake bukata

Don samun samfurin daga danyen barasa amfani multicolumn tsarin. Su yi amfani da shi ne muhimmanci. Kowane shafi na ce inji aikin wani takamaiman aikin m ga rabuwa daga cikin cakuda a daban-daban yanayin zafi da kuma matsa lambar ganin. Halayen da alcohols da su physico-sinadaran Properties damar mu rabu da daban-daban impurities. Yana da muhimmanci a cikin wannan harka. Ba su da damar a samar da edible barasa. A halin yanzu, akwai da dama da sabon jadadda mallaka fasaha makircinsu tsarkakewa shuka albarkatun kasa, wanda zai iya muhimmanci inganta analytical da organoleptic halaye na ce samfurin. Performance bragorektifikatcii shi qara da 15%. Fitarwa ne karshe samfurin ne kusa da 98,5%. A ranar, da samar da abu amfani bragorektifikatsionnye ci gaba da ayyuka da cewa zai iya ƙunsar har zuwa biyar ginshikan. Su ne daban-daban da kuma, daidai da ta nufi, subdivided kamar haka:

• Brazhnye. Suna amfani ga sauran Mash da barasa.
• Epuration. Suna amfani don ware ethanol.
• Barasan. Amfani da su tsaftace barasa - raw. da samun gãfarta ruhu a nan ne yake aikata
• Fusel. An muhimmanci karbuwa. Suna da hankali da kuma warewa daga fusel mai
• Ginshikan karshe tsarkakewa. Suna amfani da su samu mafi ingancin samfurin.

zurfin tsaftacewa

Gyãrawa - shi ne wani nau'i ne na Multi-mataki barasan. An kwashe a cikin ginshikan, ta hanyar tururi da kuma mnogokolpachkovyh faranti. Wadannan shuke-shuke samar da ya ce abu kazalika da maras tabbas aka gyara da kuma fusel man wanda shi ne cakuda mafi girma alcohols. A daidai da aiwatar da barasan, wadannan impurities kasu kashi:

• Wutsiya. Wadannan abubuwa suna yawa ana kira masu ciwon tafasar batu fi ethanol. Yana fusel mai, da sauran abubuwa. Alal misali, furfural, acetals, da sauransu.
• Ciwon kai. Wadannan sun hada da impurities cewa tafasa a zazzabi m fiye ethanol. A wannan yanayin, esters da aldehydes.
• Intermediate alcohols da kuma iyakance kazamta. Su ne mafi trudnootdelimymi kungiyoyin na mahadi. Dangane daban-daban yanayi na barasan iya zama ko dai wutsiya da kansa.

jinsunan

A ce samfurin, dangane da mataki na tsarkakewa ne zuwa kashi:

• 1 sa. Wannan barasa ya samu aikace-aikace a magani. Duk da haka, domin samar da giya ba a amfani.
• "Lux".
• "Karin".
• "Tushen".
• "Alpha".

Domin yi na abubuwan sha, wanda a quality zai sadu da duk zamani da bukatun, ya kamata ka yi amfani da barasa ga babu wani mai guba yanayi na impurities. Yana dole ne sadu da bukatun kayyade a Gost R 51652-2000.

Ethyl barasa - aikace-aikace

Dangane da wannan, yana da kyawawan sauki da kuma saukin ganewa. A amfani da barasa ne sosai m. Duk da haka, mafi sau da yawa suna amfani ga likita dalilai, domin samar da giya, kazalika da a masana'antu.

masana'antu siffofin

Daban-daban na ce abu da aka samu daga daban-daban raw kayan. wato:

• Barasa "Alpha" da aka sanya daga alkama ko hatsin rai. Madadin, a cikin wannan harka da wata cakuda daga gare ake amfani.
• Ruhu "Lux" da "Karin" an samu daga daban-daban na amfanin gona, kazalika da garwayayye daga gare ko dankali. Yana dogara da mutum zabin da albarkatun kasa. Barasa "Karin" da aka samar na musamman daga lafiya hatsi. Yana ne aka yi nufi ga samar da vodka, wanda aka fitar dashi.
• Barasa 1st sa aka samar daga cakuda dankalin turawa, da kuma hatsi, ko kawai akayi daban-daban. Har ila yau, a wannan yanayin, za a iya amfani da sukari gwoza molasses. A amfani da alcohols a cikin masana'antu na taimaka wa samar da barasa irin.

Lissafi na ce samfurin sanya ta kayyade girma da kuma yawan zafin jiki na dũkiyõyinsu a cikin ma'auni Silinda. Musamman na'urar (alcoholmeters) ƙayyade da yawa daga cikin abu. Yana yayi dace da wani sansanin soja. Ta hanyar musamman allunan a kan samu alamomi da kuma yawan zafin jiki sanin sansanin soja% (ethanol yawa). Har ila yau, da m factor aka kafa a nan. Shi ne wani muhimmin adadi. Lokacin da ta tara da ƙara na ce abu shi ne da za'ayi lissafi na adadin anhydrous barasa wanda shi ya ƙunshi.

shida na asali jiki da kuma sinadaran tsaro saituna suna gyarawa a wata jam'iyyar. Tabbatar da iyaka da yawa na mai guba abubuwa da aka bayyana a cikin SanPin. A gaban furfural ba a yarda da kõme. Shiryayye rai barasa ne Unlimited. Duk da haka, duk da kayyade yanayin dole ne a hadu.

Lakabtawa, marufi da kuma ajiya

Da samfurin ya kwalba a wani musamman sanye take tasoshin, gwangwani, ganga, kwalabe, ko tankuna. Su dole ne a hermetically shãfe haske lids ko stoppers. Kwantena dole ne a shãfe haske ko shãfe haske. A kwalabe suna cushe a musamman kwanduna ko kwalaye. Haramta a wannan yanayin, da yin amfani da galvanized karfe kwantena.

Ethyl barasa 95% sha na kwalba a gilashin kwalabe na daban-daban kundin wanda ake shãfe haske da toshe kwalaba ko roba marufi. Top hula da aka sa a kan aluminum to wanda aka yi amfani da manufacturer hatimi. Har ila yau, akwai an nuna ƙarar sulusi da murabba'i na barasa.

Kai tsaye a kan kwalban lakabin ne pasted a kan abin da akwai sunan wani samfurin, da sunan kuma adireshin manufacturer, iri sunan, kasar na asalin, ƙarfi, girma da kuma cika kwanan wata. Ake bukata a nan ne ya gabatar da bayani a kan takardar shaida. Har ila yau, a kan lakabin amfani nuna a fakaice fasaha ko tsara takardun, bisa ga abin da samfurin da za a iya gano.

A kwalabe an sa'an nan kuma sanya a katako, kwalaye. - manufacturer ta sunan barasa, da misali nadi na sunan da sha'anin: sun ƙi m da wadannan bayanai ya kamata a yi amfani. Yana kuma nuna babban nauyi, da yawan kwalabe da ƙãruwa. Dole ne ka kuma halarci rubutu "Tsanaki! Glass "," flammable "," Top. "

Ethyl barasa gãfarta, cushe a kwantena da kwantena adana a waje da samar da wuraren da sha'anin. Wannan samfurin a cikin ganga, gwangwani da kuma kwalabe da aka adana a cikin ta musamman store. Ethyl barasa ne flammable maras tabbas ruwa. Shi ne mataki na tasiri a huskar zuwa 4th aji. Saboda haka, ajiya yanayi ne na musamman da bukatun. A barasa cellar kwalabe da gwangwani ya kamata a sanya a jere, amma ganguna - ba fiye da biyu tsawo da nisa da tari. Domin kauce wa wani fashewa, shi wajibi ne a gudanar da kariya kayan aiki, tankuna daga rikicewar lantarki. Storage lokaci a cikin wannan hali ne Unlimited.

sakamakon

Bayan karanta a sama, ba za ka iya cikakken sani yadda an samar ethyl barasa, farashin wanda, dangane da irin samfurin da engine damar da ganga a wadda ta aka located, shi ne daga 11 zuwa 1500 rubles.