Glaciology - da kimiyya na abin? Wannan nazari glaciologist?

Glaciology - da kimiyya na abin? Me yi da masana da cewa aiki a cikin wannan filin? Bari mu yi kokarin nemo amsar wadannan da sauran tambayoyi.

Glaciology aka karatu?

A ajalinsu ya zo daga Latin kalmomi "glyatsies" - kankara, da kuma "tambura" - rukunan da kalmar. Glaciology - da kimiyya na kankara cewa kafa a wani yanayi a kan surface na duniya, a cikin lithosphere, yanayi da kuma hydrosphere.

The ayyuka sanya wa kimiyya sun hada da:

• karatu fasali na samuwar kankara, da yanayi na zama.
• binciken da abun da ke ciki, da jiki Properties na kankara.
• shawara daga cikin ma'aunan kasa effects na glaciers a duniya ta surface.
• binciken Gwargwadon rarraba kankara tsarin.

Glaciology - da kimiyya na kankara cewa an inextricably nasaba da kimiyyar lissafi, binciken kasa. Kwararru a cikin wannan filin da ake amfani da ko'ina a cikin hanyoyin da makanikai da Kasa Sciences.

A tarihin samuwar kimiyya

Fara rukunan aza shahara Swiss dutsen mai hawan duwatsu, a fanning binciken kasa da kuma halittu Oras Benedikt de Saussure. A manufofin da kuma batun sabon bincike yayi ya gano a hannunsa-rubuce aiki "Journey da Alps." Aikin sa masana kimiyya a lokacin da 1779-th to 1796-th shekara.

Specific sharuddan da matsaloli da cewa ta fuskanci wani glaciologist, aka kayyade a cikin karni na 19. Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin, masana kimiyya da aka rasa a cikin tsanaki kayan game glaciers. Ba isasshen gwani ilmi game da jiki Properties na kankara, ta hali. Saboda haka, na farko da manyan lokaci na ci gaba da kimiyya na glaciology aka halin yafi jari na ilmi, da samuwar na kimiyya Hanyar.

A farkon karni na 20th aka alama ta farko na kimiyya da dama manyan sikelin-expeditions da nufin nazarin glaciation, mayar da hankali a yankin na Arctic Circle. Ciyar fitai da jigon da jiki mamaki da faruwa a cikin glaciers, fitowan da irin daidai hanyoyin matsayin m daukar hoto, photogrammetry, thermal hakowa, probing cikin ƙasa. A wannan lokacin, masana kimiyya gudanar ya ci gaba da na kowa rarrabuwa na kankara, musamman waƙa da motsi, samuwar kuma narkewa glaciers.

A karshe karni da aka tattara m bayanai a kan yanayin rarraba permafrost. Masana kimiyya sun iya gano sabon da glaciers sa su kundayen da cikakken bayanin.

Abin da yi glaciologists?

Glaciologist - mai sana'a, jigon wanda ya yi nazarin da kankara tsarin kafa a irin wannan yanayi. Irin wannan masana suna karatu fasali na bayyanar glaciers, da hali, da matakai da kai ga narkewa na kankara.

Glaciologist - wani aiki da ya shafi nazarin avalanches, kududdufai, wanda aka kafa ta da narkewa kankara. Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda gwani a wannan category lissafi ga m hanyoyi a maps, haka ne hana abin da ya faru na hatsarori da kuma bala'o'i.

Abin da m darajar aikata glaciology?

Glaciology - da kimiyya da nazarin, na farko, tartsatsi gleiser a duniya ta surface. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, irin abokai zauna game da 11% na jimlar ƙasar. Sun kammala domin na 29 murabba'in kilomita miliyan ³ ruwa tare. A ci gaba da kimiyya na taimaka wa m amfani da albarkatun ruwa na koguna da tabkuna, wanda aka kafa saboda narkewa daga glaciers.

Bugu da kari, glaciology - da kimiyya na yadda za a hana bala'o'i, a cikin hanyar wanda ya canja hali na glaciers. The m gefe na koyarwa da kuma shi ne ke kula da lissafin kudi yankunan, wanda aka sake ta da motsi na glaciers, da nufin dauke da fitar da tattalin arziki da ayyukan.

kimiyya da cibiyoyin

Domin nazarin glaciers yau halitta a cibiyar sadarwa na musamman cibiyoyin, abin da suke a Rasha, Amurka, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, da Birtaniya, da sauran sosai raya ƙasashe. An fara daga 1894, shi aiki kasa da kasa glaciological kwamitin cewa hulda da nazarin snow da kuma kankara.

Domin samar da kimiyya shirya wani jerin tashoshin, wanda aka mayar da hankali a kan da iyakacin duniya Urals, Franz Josef Land, Altai, New Duniya, a Arewa maso Gabas da kuma Asiya ta tsakiya.

Muhimmanci glaciological nazarin

A farko tsanani balaguro da nufin nazarin most glaciers a duniya, da aka gudanar a cikin lokaci daga 1923 zuwa 1933, shekarar da Soviet masana kimiyya. A lura da aka yi a Asiya ta tsakiya, da Urals, Novaya Zemlya. Dalilin da kamfen ne m wani tarin amfani bayani a kan kankara tsarin.

M ba impetus zuwa cin gaban kimiyya balaguro, shirya da Soviet bincike G. A. Avsyukom a cikin lokaci daga 1950 zuwa 1960-th. An nufin sa idanu da glaciers na Tien-Shan. A sakamakon haka, masana kimiyya sun iya kafa da taki da kuma juna na motsi na permafrost.

A 1877, al'ummomin kasa da kasa, an yanke shawarar shirya na musamman Aerospace ayyuka, abin da ya kamata ci gaba da sa idanu da narkewa dusar ƙanƙara da kuma kankara a yankuna daban-daban na duniya. Dalilin halittarsa ya yi samuwar a kan matakai da kai ga ƙari na sabo ruwa a Duniya. A karo na farko da irin wannan lura aka za'ayi da ma'aikatan tashar sararin samaniya "Salyut-6". Research saka gani yanayi. Babban taro na da muhimmanci data, masana kimiyya sun iya tattara ta hanyar amfani da 12-Musulunci da kuma 6-Musulunci binopkulari. Pictures of ƙasa ta surface cewa aka za'ayi daga wani tsawo na game da 350 km, bada wani dukan yawa high quality-images da taimakon wanda ba za ka iya yi quite m ma'aunai.

A shekarar 2012, m glaciologist wanda ya yi aiki a Antarctica, kasa gudanar da wani cin nasara hakowa daga cikin kankara hula, da kauri daga wanda yake shi ne game da 4 km. Masana kimiyya sun sami damar zuwa ruwan wani prehistoric kankara lake. Nazari na musamman da yanayin kasa da cewa ya samo asali a kan miliyoyin shekaru, ya bayyana microbes baya ba a sani ba zuwa kimiyya. Gano da aka muhimmanci ga ci gaban ba kawai na glaciology, amma kuma da filin da sarari bincike. Ya m sakamakon bayar da shawarar cewa, irin abin da ake ci soups ne ba kawai a karkashin kankara hula na Duniya, amma kuma a kan sauran taurari, kuma su da tauraron dan adam.