Gram-tabbatacce kuma gram-korau kwayoyin

Duniya na kwayoyin cuta ne abin mamaki bambancin da arziki sosai. Aka sãme su a ko'ina: a cikin iska, da ƙasa, a kan 'yan Adam fata, ta mucous. A karkashin wani yanayi, da kwayoyin cuta zama hatsari ga mutane, haddasa tsanani da rashin lafiya. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da sauki mu bi da maganin rigakafi ko al'ada magunguna iri iri, daga sauran su kawar da yawa wuya. Saboda haka, a cikin ganewar asali, kazalika da saduwa da magani ya zama ruwan dare gram-tabbatacce kuma gram-korau kwayoyin. Wannan hanya na rarraba kwayoyin da aka samarwa a cikin XIX karni, amma har yanzu ana amfani a yau.

Duniya na kwayoyin cuta

Mulkin kwayoyin ne don haka bambancin da wuya a samu, da cewa ko da kimiyyar zamani ba ta yi karatu da shi sosai. Akwai kwayoyin da tsira a high yanayin zafi da kuma ba su mutu ba ko da bayan shafe tsawon tafasar yayin da wasu suna mutuwa a wata 'yar alamar canji a zazzabi ko da abun da ke ciki na yanayi, misali bayan Bugu da kari na talakawa sugar. Wasu kwayoyin bunƙasa, a cikin maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi a cikin acid feed methane ko wasu sunadarai.

Kwayoyin cutar - wannan shi ne mafi tsoho kwayoyin da yake sosai tartsatsi a cikin duniya. Aka sãme su a ko'ina: a kan teku bene, a cikin iska, a cikin ƙasa - ko da a babban zurfin a jikin halittu masu rai. Bugu da ƙari, kimiyya ya tabbatar da cewa sel kwayoyin ciki da ɗan adam ne 10 sau fi nasu. Wasu kwayoyin kawai rayuwa kusa da sauran halittu masu rai, yayin da wasu suna rayayye hada kai da su. Suna iya zama da amfani ko sa cututtuka daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, m kwayoyin cuta a cikin dubun sau fiye da pathogen.

Mutane da yawa kwayoyin ne da amfani. Alal misali, waɗanda suka zauna a cikin mutum hanji, da hannu a narkewa da kuma kare shi daga kamuwa da cutar. Wannan lactobacillus da bifidobacteria. A cikin mutum baka rami gida game da miliyan 40 jinsunan kwayoyin cuta, amma kawai 5% na wadannan pathogens. Akwai kwayoyin da cewa suna da hannu a cikin bazuwar na sharar gida. Amma, duk da cewa da m kwayoyin har yanzu mafi pathogenic jinsunan su kawo da yawa wata cũta, kamar yadda shi sa hatsari cututtuka. Har yanzu, da yawa daga mutanen da ke kewaye da duniya mutu daga tarin fuka, cutar kwalara, tetanus, typhoid, botulism da kuma sauran cututtuka. Saboda haka da muhimmanci sosai ga koyi yadda za a yi mu'amala da duniya da kwayoyin.

gram batawa

Wani mutum da aka neman hanyoyin da za a bi da cututtuka. Bayan da aka yi wahayi da wanzuwar pathogenic kwayoyin cuta, masana kimiyya suna kokarin rarraba su, don gano yadda za a magance su. Hanya mafi kyau da aka samarwa a 1884 by Hans Kirista gram likita. Yana da kyawawan sauki, amma m, kuma har yanzu ana amfani a yau. A wannan hanya, daban-daban gram-tabbatacce kuma gram-korau kwayoyin.

Dr. gram amfani a cikin binciken na kwayoyin m fenti da kuma lura da cewa wasu daga cikinsu suna amenable don batawa, yayin da wasu - ba. An gano cewa, wannan shi ne saboda peculiarities na cell ganuwar da kwayoyin cuta. Tun da wadannan kwayoyin an hada da daya, a kalla biyu Kwayoyin, ga su yana da muhimmanci sosai ga samun m harsashi. Saboda haka, tantanin halitta ganuwar suna da wani hadadden tsarin. Su kare ciki yanayi ne daga shigar azzakari cikin farji na taya. A mafi wuya tsarin a gram-korau kwayoyin. Su ne resistant zuwa shigar azzakari cikin farji na yau, na ciki da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da sauran taya.

A Hanyar gram cewa gwajin matsakaici da aka bi da tare da aniline fenti, gyara aidin sa'an nan rinsed da barasa. A daidai wannan gram-korau kwayoyin ne discolored, kuma gram-tabbatacce Take a kan wani blue color. Bayan reparse korau ja fenti jinsunan iya canza launin a cikin ruwan hoda, da kuma matattu kananan kwayoyin halitta suna stained haske.

Aikace-aikace na hanyar a magani

Gram batawa ga rabuwa da kwayoyin a kan gram-tabbatacce kuma gram-korau kwayoyin da taimako zuwa ga kyautata na microbiological bincike. Ya taimaka wajen gane da juriya da pathogenic nau'in kwayoyi, wajen samar da sabon maganin rigakafi don yaki da su. Bayan duk, wani karfi cell bango na gram-korau kwayoyin da ke sa su m ga saba maganin rigakafi. A ƙwanso da gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin, ko da yake sosai lokacin farin ciki, amma shi ne permeable zuwa ruwaye da kuma maganin rigakafi.

Gram-tabbatacce kuma gram-korau kwayoyin

Gram batawa yarda su raba duk izuwa biyu m kungiyoyin. Su siffofin da halaye taimaka don zaɓar mafi dace magani daga cututtuka. Gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin cuta, abin da sauri canza launin shudi aniline fenti, nau'i spores, exotoxins, don haka shi ne quite kawo hadari ga kiwon lafiya. Amma su harsashi ne permeable ga antimicrobial kwayoyi.

Kazalika da gram-tabbatacce, gram-korau kwayoyin - pathogens na tsanani cututtuka. Ba su samar da spores, da kuma a lokuta da dama ne opportunistic. Amma a karkashin wani yanayi, da suka fara zuwa asirce endotoxins da kuma sa mai tsanani kumburi da kuma intoxications. Saboda hadaddun cell bango tsarin su ne kusan m maganin rigakafi.

A jikin mutum ya ƙunshi biyu daga cikin wadannan iri kwayoyin. A daidai rabo na gram-tabbatacce kuma gram-korau kwayoyin kula da al'ada farji microflora, hanjinsu, baka rami. Wannan taimaka don kare jiki daga kamuwa da cutar.

gram-tabbatacce

Mai kwayoyin ne amenable don batawa m fenti, wato, da permeable cell bango, suna da ha ari ga mutane. Wadannan sun hada da streptococci, staphylococci, Listeria, Bacillus, Clostridium, mycobacteria, actinomycetes. Musamman m staphylococcus aureus, wanda ya sãme raunana jiki da kuma untreated da sauri take kaiwa zuwa mutuwar daga mãsu haƙuri. Amma su ma amfani lactic acid lactobacillus.

Gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin shafar numfashi fili, zuciya tsoka, kwakwalwa da kuma fata. Su tsokana a surkin jini kamuwa da cuta a raunuka, jini guba.

The cututtuka da suka sa

Shi ne gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin ne dalilin irin wannan na kowa cututtuka kamar:

• tonsillitis, pharyngitis.
• sinusitis, otitis kafofin watsa labarai.
• rheumatism.
• jini guba.
• ciwon huhu.
• kumburi daga cikin kwakwalwa.
• Anthrax.
• foodborne cututtuka.
• botulism.
• diphtheria.
• tetanus.
• gas gangrene.

gram-korau kwayoyin

Lissafa su quite manyan, amma daga cikinsu akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda ba su kawo wata cũta ga mutum. Wadannan su ne yafi opportunistic kwayoyin. Karkashin al'ada yanayi, suka zauna a jikin mutum ba tare da haddasa cutar da shi. Mafi na kowa ne wadannan da gram-korau kwayoyin. Iri bambance bambancen:

• proteobacteria.
• Pseudomonas.
• chlamydia.
• meningococcus.
• Brucella.
• spirochetes.
• gonococci.
• Helicobacter.

Kananan kwayoyin halitta suna ba fentin da shunayya da launi, shi ne barga a matsayin wani antibodies da kuma maganin rigakafi. Saboda haka, cututtuka da su, yana da wuya mu bi.

Abin da cututtuka sa

A karkashin wani yanayi, da gram-korau kwayoyin ne hanyar tsanani cututtuka. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da hadaddun ambulan na wadannan kwayoyin a cikin halakar da yawa sake da gubobi da cewa suna yada a kusa da mutum jini, haddasa tsanani maye. Sai dai itace cewa babu pathogenic kwayoyin kansu, kuma musamman su cell bango - lipopolysaccharide Layer da cewa yana sa wani rigakafi da martani. Sun kai ga ci gaban da kumburi. Amma idan mutum ya rigakafi domin, shi ne mai sauki mu jimre da irin wannan kwayoyin, da kuma cututtuka ba m.

Domin gram-korau kwayoyin ne kwayoyin da zai haddasa kabba da ciwon sanyi, syphilis, meningitis da numfashi cututtuka. Musamman na kowa kwayoyin irin wannan buyout hanyar numfashi gazawar da kuma urinary fili, da gastrointestinal fili. Gram-korau ne irin sanannun pathogens kamar Proteus, Escherichia, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella. Sun sa salmonellosis, meningitis, typhoid zazzabi, dysentery. Bugu da kari, shi ne irin resistant microorganisms ne alhakin tsanani nosocomial cututtuka. Bayan duk, za su iya tsira ko da bayan wani tsanani disinfection.

A amfani da wannan ilimi da magani daga cututtuka

A ganewar asali da cututtuka domin sanin mafi tasiri magani ake bukata su yi amfani da gram hanya domin kayyade wanda kwayoyin sun sa rashin lafiya: gram tabbatacce ko gram korau kwayoyin. Maganin rigakafi an wajabta dangane da wannan. Bayan yadda ya kamata a zabi magani iya kawai tsananta halin da ake ciki.

Don sanin pathogen diddigin sputum, hanci, ko farji sallama, tumbi analysis, synovial ruwa ko pleural. Wadannan samfurori da aka hõre jarrabawa ta gram batawa.

A mafi wuya mu bi cututtuka sa ta gram-korau kwayoyin. Amma, anã gitta su a wani hade da biyu maganin rigakafi, ko sabon ƙarni kwayoyi. Yadda ya dace da su na iya zama "Ampicillin" ko "Amoxicillin", "Chloramphenicol", "streptomycin" da kuma wani rukuni na cephalosporins. Sun iya jimre tare da matsanancin membrane na kwayoyin.

Ilimi na tsarin da kwayan bango ya yiwu don inganta yadda ya dace da magani daga cututtuka.