Gyara na shuka ganye

Kowane ~ angare na shuka cika ta asali ayyuka dangane da halaye na da tsarin. Amma da gyara da ganye, kazalika da sauran dace jikinsu, kyale su su saya ƙara. Mafi sau da yawa sun dogara ne a kan sauyin yanayi da kuma girma yanayi.

Gyara na wurare masu zafi da ganye

Tsire-tsire gumi Equatorial gandun daji koyi sosai sauki - daga halayyar siffar da size da leaf ruwan wukake. A wurare masu zafi sauyin yanayi sashi na itacen siffofin zauna a rinjaye matsayi, sa shi yiwuwa a rayuwa kawai wata inuwa-m Bishiyoyi da ciyawa. A leaf ruwan wukake na shuke-shuke unusually manyan da fadi. Yadda za a bayyana irin wannan tsarin? The abu ne cewa daya daga cikin ayyukan wannan bangare ne da aiwatar da transpiration. Wannan tsari na ruwa danshin daga surface na takardar. A ya fi girma ruwa yankin, da mafi tsanani da gaseous musayar tare da yanayi. A rigar yanayi shi ne kawai ya cancanta su hana aiwatar da lalata.

ƙaya

Brambles - shi ne ma wani canji na shuka ganye. Su ne halayyar masu girma a m da kuma hamada yanayi. Kowa ya ga spines na wani murtsunguwa. Wannan ne da ganye. A rashin danshi yanayi a lokacin da transpiration aiwatar dole ne a rage girmanta, shi ne manufa na'urar. Tare da irin wannan karamin surface lamina da ruwa evaporates sosai kadan.

Duk da haka, da spines na wani murtsunguwa da itacen ƙirya - wani daban-daban bambancin da ganye. Mene ne bambanci? Mun itacen ƙirya, hawthorn, blackthorn, barberry, da kuma sauran irin wannan shuke-shuke ƙaya an modified stipules, ba da records. Su main aiki ne don kare m furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa mai dadi daga cin wani iri-iri na dabbobi.

needles

Gyara na ganye da kuma needles ne duk da wakilan Ma'aikatar gymnosperms. Kowa ya tuna da yara tatsuniya game da Jawo-itacen - "hunturu da kuma bazara na daya launi." Kuma duk Evergreen conifers ne sun fi mayar da godiya ga halayyar gyare-gyare na ganye. A gicciye sashe suna da wani zagaye ko ribbed siffar. Irin wannan zanen gado da wani karamin yanki, kamar murtsunguwa spines. Su stomata, ta hanyar abin da gas musayar faruwa, suna masu niyyar baftisma cikin wani shafi da kuma girma daga cikin takardar. Wannan rage kudi na ruwa evaporation. A cikin hunturu, wadannan tsarin gaba ɗaya shãfe haske da kakin zuma, wanda rage transpiration kusan sifili. Saboda haka, a lokacin da duk angiosperms zubar da ganye a hunturu, coniferous itatuwa da kuma shrubs iya fariya lush kore ado.

Bar hamada shuke-shuke

Tsira a m yanayi wuya shuke-shuke. A gyare-gyare sa da ganyen tsire? Suna bukatar a yi irin wannan tsarin fasali da cewa zai tsira da m zazzabi canje-canje da kuma rashin danshi. Saboda haka da ganye suna sukan rufe da wani lokacin farin ciki Layer gashi ko da kakin shafi. Su kare shuke-shuke daga matsananciyar danshi hasãra. Akwai wata na'ura. Mutane da yawa iri dryland kunsa tara a samar da ruwa a cikin thickened, fleshy ganye. Wani misali na irin wannan canji zai iya zama a matsayin Aloe, wanda sau da yawa diluted a matsayin houseplant, da ciwon warkar Properties.

Antennae

Don la'akari da halaye na wadannan gawawwaki, bari mu tuna abin da gyare-gyare leaf samu a legumes. Harbe mafi yawansu tsawo da kuma na bakin ciki, da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa a lokacin da cikakke acquire taro, wanda ba ya ba su damar da za a kiyaye a cikin wani mike matsayi. Amma shi ne mafi amfani ga m photosynthesis. Duk wani canji da takardar samu a Peas? Hakika, wannan gashin baki. Saboda haka modified mutum platelets na kumshin takardar. Tare da su taimako shuka clings zuwa support, kuma a sakamakon rauni da kuma bakin ciki tushe ne located in da ake so matsayi.

flakes

Don me ya sa fahimta koda sikelin ne a gyara daga cikin takardar, shi wajibi ne don magance tsarin da kwan fitila. Mun yi la'akari da shi zuwa ga wani na al'ada misali leeks. Its kwan fitila, duk da cewa an located a karkashin kasa, shi ne wani canji na m ɓangare na shuka - da mafaka. Abu ne mai sauki don tabbatar da. Gudun hijira kunshi zangarniya, ganye da kuma buds. A wannan sassa ma da kwararan fitila. Its zangarniya aka kira muhimmi farantin lebur. Sauka daga gare ta bar wani gungu na adventitious asalinsu. Located a saman 'yan iri ganye. Sun kasance kore da kuma girma daga buds located a kan collum. M da fleshy ganye samun wannan irin domin adana danshi. Tare da taimakon da shuke-shuke a cikin abin da kwan fitila da aka kafa, a karkashin kasa jure fari, low zafin jiki da kuma sauran fi karfinsu mamaki. A kariya daga inji lalacewar ciki abinda ke ciki bushe kwan fitila Sikeli wanda su ma a gyara daga cikin ganyayyaki.

predatory ganye

Gyara na ganye ne ma matukar hatsari ga sauran halittu masu rai. Akwai dukan rukuni na carnivorous shuke-shuke. Za su iya yi, da kuma aiwatar da shirin aiwatar da photosynthesis, t. E. Shin autotrophs. Amma idan yanayi na shi to faruwa a can, suka je heterotrophic hanyar cin abinci. Tare da taimakon da modified ganye da suka kama kwari da nike su. Alal misali, a wurare masu zafi shuka Sarracenia ganye ne mazurari cewa bakuna da m nectaries. Sun jawo hankalin kwari. Matso, wanda aka azabtar ya fara slide tare da gefuna da bakin dutse da aka kama a tarko. Bugu da kari, da ganye kuma nuna musamman kwayoyi, kwari dauri masu girma dabam. Sama mazurari takardar nada a cikin wani nau'i na kaho. Wannan shafin ba ya ba da damar da ruwan sama don samun ciki, gauraye da narkewa kamar enzymes.

By da gyare-gyare na da ganye suna motsi tentacles da sundew, wanda aka located a iyakar goo. Yana jawo kwari, wanda idi a ƙasar da aka kama a tarko.

leaf buds

Duk da ganye ne vegetative gabobin. Tare da su taimako, sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, tsari ne da ya yi. Alal misali, idan Wararren sharhi violets daga adult shuka da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani akwati na ruwa, bayan wani lokaci, shi Forms tushen. Amma a wani yawan shuka yaduwa tsari ne daban-daban. Saboda haka, a cikin gida Kalanchoe tare gefen leaf ruwa ne kodan, wanda kai-ɓullo da harbe. Suna kusan kafa cikakken: da kananan tushen da kuma ganye. Zuriyar dabbobi, suka germinate a cikin wannan damar da ya fara tasawa shuka. Irin wannan tsari kuma aka sani da kai-kwafi.

Ma'ana gyare-gyare shuka ya bar manyan. Wadannan na'urori kara da fahimcin muhimmancin da sauƙaƙe aiwatar da karbuwa. Saboda gyare-gyare bar terrestrial shuke-shuke sun iya Master da dama climatic zones, bangarori daban-daban na danshi, zafin jiki da kuma ƙasa Properties. Bugu da kari ga photosynthesis, transpiration da kuma salon salula numfasawa, leaf gyare-gyare taimaka musu cika sauran muhimmanci ayyuka: shi ne kariya daga yara da kuma inji lalacewa, da tsari na gas musayar kuma ruwa danshin matakan da heterotrophic abinci mai gina jiki.