Nau'in na ganyen itatuwa da su ayyuka (photo)

Duk yadda mutane da yawa itatuwa a wannan duniya tamu, tare da siffofin daban-daban na rawanin da itãce da kanta, duk suka damu game da abu daya - Duniya ta iska tsarkakewa daga carbon dioxide, wanda shi ne wani mataki mai yawan jefa a cikin yanayi na 'yan adam, da dabbobi duniya, wani daban-daban dabara. Akwai da yawa kimiyya da ilimi da adabi a daidai wannan sashe na o - "Forms na ganye." Bayyanar da itace, ko shrub mutum zai iya canza, bada wani, ko da m siffar. Amma ga dubban jinsunan bishiyoyi da shuke-shuke ganye kasance canzawa.

"Jiki" na takardar

Bar - shi ne wani ɓangare na kara tsarin na wani itace, shrub ko shuka. Hadedde takardar rabo sunayen: farantin, petioles, stipules.

Farantin - wannan shi ne babbar ɓangare na takardar, shi ne lebur a cikin bayyanar, kuma yana da salo da dama, wanda za mu rufe daga baya.

Petiole - An, kawai sa, zangarniya da wanda takardar farantin ne a haɗe zuwa wani reshe. A wasu shuke-shuke, da petiole ne sosai kananan ko babu.

Stipules - abin da ake kira takardar appendages da suke a karkashi. Wannan bangare na ganye, 'yan mutane sun gani kuma ku sani. Gaskiyar cewa mafi shuke-shuke stipules fada kashe kafin takardar da aka cikakken bayyana. The kawai ware wasu nau'in, kamar Acacia.

A Botanical rarrabuwa iri-iri na ganye. Hotuna gabatar a kasa.

Mafi na kowa - ne na al'ada ganye (ko da sauki). Waɗannan su ne irin ganye da aka hada guda ganye. Yana iya zama kadan lebur, taso keya, da kuma dissected, m, kamar itacen oak, ko dankali. Simple ganye ya kasu kashi uku subspecies: dukan, lobed da kuma dissected.

Shuke-shuke da ciwon guda takardar

Magana itace nau'in daraja ambata da farko Birch. Ba don kome ba ne wannan itacen yana da wani alama na kasar mu. Birch ne tartsatsi cikin arewacin yammancin duniya, amma tare da manyan yawa daga cikin wadannan itatuwa suna located a kan ƙasa na Rasha. Birch leaf - sauki, m, dan kadan mai lankwasa siffar da serrated baki. Farantin uniform koren launi, zane - a sautin. A cikin fall, kamar yadda aka sani, Birch ganye zama rawaya.

A wannan ra'ayi ya shafi foliage da kuma sauran kowa a Rasha itacen - da apple. wannan itace leaf fi girma, amma yana da wannan halaye: shi ne m, dan kadan serrated a gefuna, m launi.

Aspen, Lilac, poplar, Elm, da kuma sauran shuke-shuke da daidai da wannan form takardar. Duk da haka, kawai wani Botanical ra'ayi suna kama da juna, da na waje da bambance-bambance, ba shakka, akwai.

Na biyu subtype - lobed. Shi ne muhimmi a cikin irin wannan ya bar wasu Maple itatuwa. A zaune misali - leaf wanda aka nuna a kan Canadian flag. A ganye suna kira a matsayin wata filafili, idan "daraja" a kan su gefuna kada ku ƙẽtare rubu'i daga cikin jimlar yankin.

Shi ne mai sauki ruwa takardar. Idan tsanani sha'awar da topic na "Iri Maple ganye", da binciken zai iya daukar shekaru masu yawa. Wadannan itatuwa ne fiye da 50 jinsin, wanda kowannensu yana da sananne ba kawai habitats, amma duba: daga tsawo, nau'i rassan da akwati da kuma kawo karshen tare da wani ra'ayi na ganye. Ba za mu zauna a kan wannan.

The uku subspecies sauki ganye - An dissected ganye. Domin irin wannan ne da ganye da cewa sun yanke fiye da daya-kwata daga takardar. Alal misali, kamar Dandelion, tansy. Mafi yawa, irin wannan na faruwa a lekastvennyh shuke-shuke da kuma furanni.

Bar da wani hadadden tsarin

Itatuwa iri iri na shuke-shuke, kuma ya bar ta samar da wata biyu babban rukuni - hadaddun. Complex aka kira su domin suna da 'yan records. Sun kasu kashi Ternate, palchatoslozhnye kuma pinnate.

Flora wakilan da Ternate ganye - lambu strawberry da daji strawberry, Clover. Su bayãnin hukuncin alama - da uku ganye a daya petiole. Imani da Clover tare da hudu ganye da aka canjawa wuri daga tsara zuwa tsara. Nemo a shuka ba zai yiwu.

By palchatoslozhnym hada da doki chestnut ganye, lambu lupine.

By pinnate - rasberi ganye, dutsen ash, Peas. Su ma suna da nasu subspecies: to paripinnate ne waɗanda inda a karshen kara na biyu ganye, kamar fis, kuma a cikin m pinnate - Rose, ta kammala daya zangarniya.

Nau'in na shuka ganye (farantin siffar)

More ganye suna classified da irin da kuma lamina:

1. Taso.

Wadannan sun hada da wani houseplant, kamar Violet da kuma lambu nasturtium, Aspen.

2. M.

leaf irin ta auku a cikin Elm, Hazel.

3. A lancing.

Fi yawa a cikin Tree da shrub Willow iyali, kazalika daga wani daji da ake kira Loch azurfa.

4. Kwai-dimbin yawa.

Wannan sunan ganye ne duk aka sani plantain

5. mikakke.

Irin wannan takardar irin predominates a hatsi, kamar hatsin rai.

Samar da tushe takardar - mai raba alama ga rarrabuwa. Bisa ga wannan siga. ganye ne:

• zuciya-dimbin yawa (as Lilac).
• sandan (zobo).
• arrowhead (arrowhead).

Form saman takardar ne m, wasa, taso keya, bilobate.

A raba theme - venation

Yanzu la'akari da sakamako a kan suna takardar da ta veining.

Domin dicots halin da reticulate venation. Shi ne na biyu iri: palmate (a lokacin da duk jijiyoyinmu fito kamar cuta na daya tushe) da kuma Cirrus (a lokacin da a kan babban jijiyoyinmu reshe kashe a cikin karami).

A monocots yakan auku a layi daya ko arcuate venation. Layi daya - da thinner ganye (ganye na alkama, kyauro), baka - a kan m ganye (Lily na kwari).

A 'yan ban sha'awa facts game da ganye

• M bar - da fern kira maidenhair-tonkolistnik. Su thinner a cikin yanayi kawai ba shi da.
• A sharpest ganye - ciyawa putang. Local mutane ce cewa wannan ciyawa ne mai kaifi wuka.
• Fiye da miliyan 45 shafukan - a cypress.
• Fiye da biyu zanen gado ba tsiro a kan Welwitschia.
• Ruwa Lily "Victoria" yana da ganye tare da diamita na fiye da mita biyu.
• raffia ganyen dabino tsawon - 20 mita.
• Ba dukkan tsire-tsire zubar da ganye a hunturu. Akwai wadanda ake kira Evergreen.

Nau'in da launi na ganye

Oddly, amma saka launi daga cikin takardar sau da yawa ba hãsadar wani na tsari, kuma a kan location. Just dasa shi ne muhimmi a wannan zanen, shi ke nan.

Menene launi daga cikin takardar da aka hada? A lokacin bazara, kusan dukan tsire-tsire suna fentin a kore launi saboda gaban a cikin tsokoki na musamman pigment - chlorophyll. Wannan abu taimaka shuke-shuke kula da su zhiznedeyaelnost, da taimakon da shuka da aka yi wani mataki mai mayar da hankali: da rana a synthesizes glucose daga carbon dioxide. Bi da bi, glucose zama kayan gini ga dukkan muhimman abubuwan gina jiki.

Me ya sa ganye juya rawaya?

Bugu da ƙari chlorophyll shuka bar dauke da wasu canza launi jamiái kamar xanthophylls, carotene, anthocyanins. A lokacin rani, da tasiri a kan canza launi ne sosai kadan, tun da taro na chlorophyll a shuka kyallen takarda sama dubu sau. Amma tare da farko na kaka duk matakai na rayuwa fara Fade, da adadin chlorophyll fara raguwa. Abin lura shi ne cewa a cikin hasken holorofill halakar da yawa sauri. Saboda haka, idan kaka ne m da dumi, da ganye zai fatsifatsi kuma fada kashe.