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Abashevskaya abun wasa: yadda za a yi da hannuwanku

A duk lokacin da na 'yan adam, da suka fara da m kabilan wa yau, ya aka tare da toys. Da farko, wadannan sun m figurines alloli cewa mutane sujada, amma sannu a hankali sai suka fara ci gaba da nishadantar sifa ga yara.

Abashevskaya abun wasa wajen "matasa", da irin wannan jama'a art ne kawai shekaru 200 da haihuwa, amma yana da wani tarihi da kuma musamman "rajista".

A tarihin lãka toys

Tukwane yana da saiwoyinsa a tsufa, saboda haka gano wanda shi ne karo na farko a cikin lãka tallan kayan kawa sharan jita-jita ta fara da nunawa da kuma gasa Figures na mutane da dabbobi, shi ne ba zai yiwu ba. Abashevskaya lãka toys mai suna haka saboda ta "asalin" daga wannan kauye a Spassky gundumar na Penza lardin.

A kauyen Abashevo yawancin gidaje tsunduma a cikin yi da kayayyakinsa, amma a 12 gonaki da aka samar toys cewa karfe bukatar.

Wasu artists dõgara a kan tsofaffin al'adun, amma akwai ma wadanda cewa sun engendered gaba ɗaya sabon siffofin, wanda aka ruwaito a cikin iyali daga tsara zuwa tsara. Abashevskaya wasan yara, tarihin wanda aka kai tsaye alaka da tarihi na kauye, ya iya "tsira" da kuma adana su ainihi wa yau.

A kauyen Abashevo

Mafi yawa daga cikin al'ummar kauyen da bin Tsohon Muminai. Guje wa sadarwar da kãfirai, schismatics zabe mutane ta ra'ayoyi da kuma crafts, wanda za a iya iyakance ikon yinsa, daga cikin al'umma. Sun kasance sũ ne quite tsauraran sharudda cewa wajabta kauce wa kãfirai, duka biyu a matakin sirri sadarwa da iyali halaye.

Addininsu aka nuna a cikin whistles, "katin" wanda ya zama wasan yara a cikin hanyar Abashevskaya Deer high kamar yadda matakalan zuwa sama, zankayensa. Mafiya yawa daga cikin sabubban lãka figurines dabbobi sun trifles, wanda tun lokacin da na Slavs nuna alamar daban-daban al'amurran rayuwa:

  • tsuntsu - shi ne sa'a, farin ciki,
  • doki nuna alamar rãnã.
  • Bear - ƙarfi, iko da ƙarfi.
  • mai tumaki, da wata sãniya - wata alama ce da takin gargajiya.
  • Deer - yalwa.

Abashevskaya wasan yara (photo shi nuna) ne sau da yawa yi da shugabanninmu na mutane, ta kwatanta irin hali na marubucin zuwa duniya. Alal misali, lady nuna alamar birane wawa 'yan mata a funny huluna, da rabo daga cikin hukumomin da aka sau da yawa ya yi a matsayin wani adadi na wani dan sanda ko wani dan sanda. Idan sun kasance a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin tsuntsaye, wadda nufi da cewa hukumomin ɓarãyi ne.

A farkon karni na 20th Abashevskaya abun wasa ya zama haka rare cewa ta nune-nunen da aka gudanar ba kawai a Moscow amma kuma London da Paris.

Rarrabe siffofin Abashevo toys

A musamman nau'i na toys daga kauye Abashevo nan da nan bambanta su daga da dama, irin handicrafts sanya ta sana'a daga sauran yankunan. Elongated jiki da kuma disproportionately dogon wuya da kananan shugaban dabbobi sun misalta duniya mamaki Masters Larion Zotkina. A farkon karni na 20th, an riga an kafa cikakken matsayin siffar da launi daga lãka dudochek na Abashevo.

Ko da yake duk da "heroes" Abashevo Masters quite recognizable, yana da wasu dama fasali:

  • elongated jiki disproportionately dabbobi ne steadily a kan gajerun kafafu, wide baya.
  • dogon m wuyansa kawo karshen tare da kananan shugaban.
  • sosai da kuma warai yanka da ido.
  • shugaban na awaki, barewa, da bijimai da raguna siffofi da manyan, sau da yawa Multi-tiered ƙahoni.
  • hujjõji Lines bangs, manes da gemunsu.

A form Abashevskaya abun wasa mafi kamar dutse zanen, a lokacin da zamanin d mutane har yanzu kawai koyon farin duniya ta hanyar zane. Animal kaho alamar itacen rai, kuma su wutsiyoyi an bude inda za ka so podudet to abun wasa tashi zuwa "magana." Masters na Abasheva taba sculpted scenes daga rayuwa, ba su ba su crafts motsi. Dukkan su suna da tabbaci "tsaye" a kan kafafu, NUNA da karfi tushen tare da Uwar Duniya.

Saboda a gaskiya wannan nau'in jama'a art aka mayar da hankali a daya kauye, ya aza harsashin ginin a gare fitowan da dauloli Masters.

Daular Abashevo Masters

Zotkin daular, mafi bikin Masters lãka toys, ya fara Akinfy Frolovich, haife shi a 1883, da kuma ɗan'uwansa Larion. Su jikoki ne da rai a yau da kuma ci gaba da hadisai na kakanninsu.

Yana Larion Zotkin a 20-30s ya ba da "sabon" rai Abashevo wasan yara. A kauyen ko da an shirya kumar kasko guild. Aikinsa kafa tushen da ayyukansu na mabiyansa. Abashevskaya wasan yara (photo nuna shi) na da gidan kayan gargajiya, amma ba kawai a ƙasarsa kauyen farfado aiki Zotkin daular. Su ne a gidajen tarihi a Penza, Sergiyev Posad da kuma a ɓõye collections.

Daga cikin wasu sanannun sunaye Zuzenkovyh daular, Malyshev, Eskin, Nagaeva da sauransu. Kowane sabon ƙarni ya kawo wahayi zuwa image Abashevo toys.

Yi lãka

Kafin tunanin yadda makafi Abashevo abun wasa na bukatar kulawa ta musamman da za a biya zuwa shiri na lãka don amfani. A cikin karni na 19th samar da ake bukata maki daga lãka ake sau da yawa tare da wani hadarin zuwa rayuwa. Yana da aka shirya a cikin hunturu da stock for watanni.

Yau, da yumɓun za a iya dauka daga cikin quarry, ko saya a kantin sayar da. Idan lãka, daga wurin ta samar, ba tare da roba Additives, ya kamata a pre-bushe. Sa'an nan, da yumɓun aka ƙasa, cire impurities, kuma diluted da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1/3.

Yana da muhimmanci cewa, taro da aka samu ba tare da lumps. Diluted abu da ya kamata a bar wa wani lokaci zuwa yashi da sauran impurities shirya zuwa kasa daga cikin akwati.

Kamar wancan ne tsarkakakku lãka bukatar thicken dan kadan kafin gwajin matakin ga ravioli, kuma sa'an nan a hankali knead hannuwa, cire wuce haddi da iska. Don duba shiri na lãka aiki, yakan haifar da yi "tsiran" da kuma lanƙwasa sannu a hankali a cikin kofaton. Idan ta ba shi ba da fasa, za ka iya fara yin tallan kayan kawa.

Tallan kayan kawa Abashevo toys

Yau, daya daga cikin hanyoyi na ci gaban mota skills hannu, tunanin da sha'awa cikin jama'a crafts a yara ne ya koya musu su sculpt figurines daga lãka , kuma lãka. An fara tare da mafi sauki da kuma m yara "pancakes" da "tsiran" Ya sanya daga lãka, za ka iya nuna musu yadda za su sculpt Abashevo wasan yara, saukarwa:

  • Clay kulla ta yatsunsu ji dimi abu da kuma ba shi elasticity.
  • Daga curin turbaya wadda zuwa mirgine a "tsiran" tare da wani lokacin farin ciki, kamar karas karshen.
  • A thicker rabo daga blank Saka zuwa tsakiyar ta size taso keya katako block, wadda za ta bar wani wõfintattu ciki da toys da ake bukata domin fito.
  • The sama na bar workpiece lãka lankwasawa - shi zai zama wuyansa na dabba daga abin da kananan karshen ne wanda ya canja muzzle.
  • Daga cikin akwati ka cire mashaya, fashion kananan m kafafu, da kuma "wutsiya" su ja Kakaki bututu.
  • Make ramuka a tarnaƙi na jiki zuwa wani bututu whistled

Za ka iya tari cutouts ba kawai idanu, amma kuma "ulu", linzami kuma, daban-daban ado. Mazan yara zai iya sculpt nasu ƙahonin, yara da sauki ga fara tare da karnuka da Cats, wanda suka saba. Irin wannan wasan yara ne fun yi, ba kawai ga yaro. Mutane da yawa manya fara samun shiga a cikin art kumar kasko, jinsin wanda shi ne Abashevskaya wasan yara.

Da harbe-harben da zanen

Bayan da samfurin ya bushe, dole ne a hõre calcination. A tsohon Masters amfani da wannan musamman Tanderu - zagaye ruruwa tsaurin tubalin. A misali size daga wadannan Tanderu ya 1.5 m, a fadi da 2 m ba ga tsawo, da kuma sau daya a Abashevo a kusan kowane yadi kullum ƙirƙira ƙone yi da jita-jita ko toys karfi da kuma m.

Don toys ba fashe, su obkladyvali shards, kuma kuka stoked da itacen oak, ko Birch itace. Bayan harbe-harben, na gaba mataki, wadda aka gudanar Abashevskaya abun wasa - kala. An halin recognizable duk irin zanen - ƙãre samfurin da aka rufe tare da m Layer da haske monochrome launuka. Masters na karni na 19th amfani da glaze, amma tun akwai fenti, haƙĩƙa, sun shige su.

A rufi Layer na man Paint, bushe Figures, sa'an nan fentin da qananan abubuwa a karshe mataki da aka rufi da varnish. Da zuwan enamel bukatar varnishing bace.

A zamani kumar kasko kiln tsari ne sauri da kuma tare da mafi aminci ga kayayyakin, da kuma yin amfani da lãka, saye a sana'a Stores, babu wani abu sauki fiye da fahimtar yadda za a yi Abashevo abun wasa da hannuwansu.

Museum Abashevo

Ta hanyar kokarin da masu goyon baya da kuma artists zaune a yau a Abashevo, a cikin tsohon gida Zotkin shirya gidan kayan gargajiya na toys daga lãka. The tarin hada da abubuwa kamar Masters na 19th - farkon karni na 20th, kuma waɗanda suka nuna toys a cikin gona, da kuma daga baya da kamfani.

Revival Abashevo kama kifi

Musamman tsara toys Abashevo Tarurrukan asusun daukan kula da cewa hadisin na tsohon Masters ci gaba da rayuwa. The Foundation karfafa matasa su dauki wani amfani a irin wannan art, wanda ya bude wani sabon sashen a cikin Spassky College - "tukwane gwani."

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