Abin da siffofin ne halayyar dabbobi? Babban fasali na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta

Mafi yawa daga rayayyiyar kwayar halitta inhabiting cikin ƙasa akwai ko dai shuke-shuke ko dabbobi. Da alama cewa bambancin dake tsakanin su ne haka a bayyane yake cewa ba za ka iya jinkirta ayyana shi da farko wurin.

The shuke-shuke bambanta daga dabbobi

Duk wani mai rai kwayoyin nasa ne da wani tunani, HALITTAR, iyalai, umarni, da sauransu. Gangarawa ta hanyar hada Categories ne shuka mulkin da dabba mulkin. Tsire-tsire suna iya samar da daga inorganic kayan kwayoyin a cikin tsari na photosynthesis kuma ba zai iya tafiya, dabbobi ci tsire-tsire da kuma juna da kuma rayayye motsi a search na abinci.

Karl Linney, wanda ya kafa da rarrabuwa na dabba da shuka duniya, ya gano da shuke-shuke kamar yadda kwayoyin da girma da kuma rayuwa, da kuma dabbobi - girma, rayuwa da kuma jin. Wannan rabuwa ba ya hadu zamani bukatun na kimiyya.

Halaye muhimmi a cikin dukan abubuwa masu rai

Don haskaka da yanayi duniya na rai ne, shi wajibi ne don sanin abin da siffofin ne ga kowa da kowa rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Da farko, shi ne duk wadannan halaye:

1. Rayuwa kwayoyin ne iya metabolism da kuma na rayuwa kayayyakin fitarwa da kuma hanya daya ko wani ya samu da dole abu domin ci gaba da rayuwa.

2. Ba za su iya matsawa ko canja matsayi na sassan jiki a sarari.

3. zũriyarsu suna nuna alamun iyayentaka kwayoyin.

4. Mutane daya jinsin bambanta daga juna, da kuma bambance-bambance na iya zama mai dogaro da kuma zaman kanta na gadar hali.

5. kwayoyin selectively amsa kiran samuwar kasashe.

6. Mafi yawa daga cikin rayayyun halittan yana da ikon girma, da girma.

7. A lokacin da rayuwar kwayoyin sha komowar canje-canje.

8. Bã zã su iya haifa kansu kamar kwayoyin.

Mene ne halaye na wani rai ubiquitous

Mutane da yawa daga cikin siffofin masu rai, idan an dauki dabam, na iya zama muhimmi a duniyar matattun yanayi. Alal misali, suna da ikon girma lu'ulu'u, duwatsu sosai a hankali, amma karya saukar, su ƙarshe matsawa daga asali wuri. Iska, da ruwa, da kuma taurari ko taurari suna motsi. A daya hannun, shuka tsaba na dogon lokaci ba zai iya nuna su inganci da ba karkacewa daga yashi hatsi.

An muhimmanci mahada tsakanin duniyar da rãyuwãta, da matattun yanayi, ne da ƙwayoyin cuta da cewa ba su iya metabolism, za a iya shirya a cikin nau'i na lu'ulu'u, narkar da recrystallized, kuma ba su rasa bayan duk wannan muhimmi nazarin halittu Properties. Ãyõyin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta - shi ne na farko, kuma farkon wani hadadden abun da ke ciki da kuma gaban wasu nazarin halittu kwayoyin a cikin tsarin. Specific kwayoyin kwayoyin ne sunadaran da nucleic acid.

Tsire-tsire-mayaudara

A yanayi akwai sosai m shuke-shuke da atypical fasali, wanda ya sa ya zama dole a tantance abin da siffofin ne halayyar dabbobi, da kuma wanda - domin shuka. Akwai shuke-shuke da suke indistinguishable daga duwatsu. Su kama da farar ƙasa, dutse da fari ma'adini. Wadannan shuke-shuke suna kira Lithops. Kamar yadda ƙauyãwã, su ne da wuya m data kasance ruwa da kuma mamaye danshi daga hazo.

An sani cewa tsire-tsire masu iya amsa ga hangula kuma asirce sinadarai kai su ji cewa shuke-shuke nuna shuka ji ba gani.

Akwai su da yawa shuke-shuke da cewa ba zai iya gudanar da wani photosynthesis kuma sami gina jiki, enticing da digesting kwari da kuma kananan dabbobi. Daga cikin su - da sundew, Venus flytrap, wanda kiyaye ganye da kuma mai tushe, na hali na shuke-shuke, amma tare da sauran fasali.

Akwai ma carnivorous shuke-shuke Rafflesia Arnoldi, wanda flower da aka sani kawai m-Brown launi. A shuka ba gudanar da photosynthesis, ba shi da wani sassa musamman ga shuka, kawai tsarin da cell a yarda da wani sashe shi da daula abubuwa masu rai, da kuma ba wa dabbobin daji.

Yadda za a bambanta shuke-shuke daga dabbobi

A don ƙayyade ainihi daga wasu kwayoyin zuwa musamman kungiyar masu rai, kimiyya kamata da wani unequivocal amsar tambayar "abin cututtuka su ne halayyar da dabbobi, abin da ya bambanta su daga shuke-shuke." Duk da haka, ba wani tabbataccen amsar game da bambanci tsakanin wakilan mulkin na shuke-shuke da dabbobi da alãmarsu ne wajen wuya.

Modern taxonomy aka tilasta gudanar da hadaddun nazarin shafe damar alaka kimiyyar. A saboda wannan dalili, hanyoyin domin nazarin kwayoyin da kwayoyin halaye na jinsin, kazalika da bayanan da tayi gaba.

Animals ba na son dabbobi

Domin sanin ainihi daga wasu daga cikin teku halittu a cikin dabba mulkinsa, shi ne ake bukata don saka abin da siffofin ne halayyar mai rai gabar dabbobi. Sai da na ɗauki masana kimiyya fiye da shekara guda, to kwayoyin a cikin abin da akwai wani tsarin narkewa kamar, wanda ya rayu a haɗe zuwa substrate, kuma sun yi kama da m furanni, aka kira su da dabbobi. Saboda haka, to daidai sanin abin da jinsunan halittu masu rai ya shafi wani ba a sani ba kwayoyin, shi wajibi ne don sanin abin da siffofin ne halayyar dabbobi.

Ƙayyade da kungiyar na marine kwaro na zuwa wani irin kwayoyin da aka sani shi ne don haka da wuya, shi aka farko yanke shawarar sanya su a cikin mulkin Pogonophora. Wadannan kwayoyin a cikin adulthood hana narkewa kamar tsarin, da kuma a fili suke bã kõme ba ne kamar dabbobi. Kawai wani binciken daga cikin halaye na su da amfrayo cin iya sanya su zuwa annelids.

Alama, halayyar kawai ga dabbobin mulki

A dabba mulki ne da yawa kwayoyin da aka saba da dukan muhalli da yanayi. Yana canza da sifa da bayyanar. Don gane da abin da kalubalen da ake fuskanta Dabbobi da ake rubutu da zamani systematics na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, lissafa abubuwan da halaye na dabba. Saboda haka, mafi yawan dabbobi:

1. Babu photosynthesis, wadannan kwayoyin ne heterotrophic.

2. The abinci zo ta bakin cikin narkewa kamar kogo da narkewar a cikin na musamman hukumomin. Ikon yake aiki.

3. Animals kwayoyin ne iya motsa. Lokacin da suka rayu a kan wasu substrate, wannan hanya na kasancewarsa shi ne na biyu sabon abu.

4. A mayar da martani ga waje ruri ne a cikin nau'i na taksin a cikin rashi na juyayi tsarin, ko reflex, idan wani.

Don amsa unequivocally abin da cututtuka su ne halayyar dabbobi, kana bukatar ka shirya abin da irin kwayoyin a tambaya: single-celled ko kwayar, chordates ko vertabrate. Kawai mafi girma dabbobi iya magana game da irin wannan rarrabe siffofin kamar:

1. A gaban da dama kungiyoyin da yadudduka: integumentary, murdede, juyayi da nama da kuma ciki yanayi.

2. A gaban wadannan Gabar tsarin: musculoskeletal, narkewa kamar, na numfashi, excretory, haihuwa, Sistem da kuma juyayi.

Abin da shuke-shuke, sabanin dabbobi a microscopic matakin

Don ba wani tabbatacce amsar wannan tambaya na da bambanci tsakanin wakilan biyu mafi girma a mulkoki, shi wajibi ne a tantance abin da siffofin ne halayyar dabbobi, abin da ya bambanta su daga shuke-shuke a cikin salon salula matakin.

Babban fasali cewa bambanta da shuka cell:

1. Shuka Kwayoyin, fãce membrane yana da matukar m cell bango ya kunshi zare.

2. kayayyakin carbohydrates a tsire-tsire suna ajiye a cikin nau'i na polysaccharide sitaci.

3. A Kwayoyin suna da manyan vacuoles dauke da kwayar sap.

4. The cytoplasm yana inclusions a cikin nau'i na ma'adinai gishiri lu'ulu'u.

5. Green shuka Kwayoyin dauke da plastids - chloroplast, inda photosynthesis faruwa.

6. narkewa kamar ba a nan da abinci mai shiga shuka ta osmotic.

7. A mayar da martani ga waje ruri a cikin nau'i na tropism.

8. Babu damar domin aiki motsi.

9. Idan rarraba Kwayoyin kafa a cibiyar na constriction tsakanin su, kuma aka raba wa periphery.

Shi ne kuma dole a tantance abin da siffofin ne halayyar dabbobi a salon salula matakin.

1. The cell casing ne ba ya nan, shi ne a salon salula membrane cewa wanzu a cikin shuka Kwayoyin.

2. cikin Reserve polysaccharide ne glycogen.

3. A dabba Kwayoyin babu manyan vacuoles. A cikin sauki kwayoyin da kananan vacuoles, wanda tsayar da aiki na narkewa ko kadaici.

4. inorganic salts a dabba Kwayoyin, yawanci narkar.

5. A dabba Kwayoyin ba su da chloroplast, kuma babu photosynthesis.

6. padding a lokacin cell division da aka kafa tare da gefuna mika ga tantanin halitta tsakiya.