Heterozygous da homozygous kwayoyin

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Properties na wani rai gabar ne gadar hali, tamkar juyin matakai na duniya, kazalika da kiyayewa da jinsunan bambancin a kan shi. The karami naúrar na gadar hali abubuwa gene - tsarin kashi na cikin jigidar halittar DNA, alhakin da canja wurin da kwayoyin bayanai hade da wani musamman alama na jiki. Dangane da mataki na kasaftawa rinjaye da kuma recessive genes. A halayyar alama na rinjaye raka'a ne da ikon zuwa "kashe" recessive, samar da wani hukunci tasiri a kan kwayoyin, ba kyale su da za a bayyana a cikin ƙarni na farko. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa tare da cikakken lura bai cika dominance, a cikin abin da rinjaye gene ba iya gaba daya kashe magana na recessive superdominance da kuma tanadar nuni da m siffofin a cikin irin karfi fiye da a homozygous kwayoyin. Dangane da abin da irin allelic (ie, alhakin ci gaba da wannan alama) genes shi yana karɓa daga iyaye jinsunan, tsaya heterozygous da homozygous kwayoyin.

Definition na homozygous kwayoyin

Homozygous kwayoyin - ne abubuwa na namun daji, tare da biyu daga cikin guda (rinjaye ko recessive) gene a kan wani musamman akai. A rarrabe na gaba ƙarni na homozygous mutane ne rashin fata na haruffa da kuma su monotony. Dalilin shi ne yafi da cewa homozygous genotype da kwayoyin ƙunshi daya kawai irin gametes, kaddamarda da wani babban birnin kasar wasika a harka shi ne mai rinjaye hali, kuma a kwance a lokacin da nufin recessive. Heterozygous kwayoyin da ya bambanta a cewa suna dauke da daban-daban alleles, kuma, daidai da, samar da biyu daban-daban na gametes. Homozygous kwayoyin a kan manyan recessive alleles za a iya denoted kamar yadda aa, bb, aabb, da dai sauransu Haka kuma, homozygous kwayoyin rinjaye alleles, da code AA, BB, AABB.

alamu na gado

Tsallaka biyu heterozygous kwayoyin genotypes da za a iya conventionally kaddamarda kamar yadda Aa (a cikinsa A - rinjaye, da kuma - a recessive gene), shi na samar da yiwuwar samun wani daidai yiwuwa hudu daban-daban haduwa da gametes (bambance-bambancen genotype) da narkewa da 3: 1 phenotype. Karkashin genotype a wannan yanayin yana nufin jerin kwayoyin halittu dake dauke da wani diploid sa na wani musamman cell. wani phenotype - a tsarin na waje da kuma na ciki siffofin da kwayoyin a cikin tambaya.

Dihybrid giciye kuma da fasali

Ka yi la'akari da dokoki da alaka da ma'abota tsari, wanda da hannu homozygous kwayoyin. A wannan yanayin, idan akwai wata biyu-matasan ko poligibridnoe mararraba, ko da kuwa yanayin heritable dabiu, tsakiyan nonon auku a wani rabo daga 3: 1, da kuma wannan dokar ne inganci ga wani yawa. Hybridization na biyu-ƙarni mutane a cikin wannan yanayin siffofin da hudu main iri phenotypes a cikin rabo 9: 3: 3: 1. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan dokar ne m ga homologue nau'i-nau'i daga chromosomes hulda da kwayoyin halittu da ba su da za'ayi a ciki.