Ina Tatar mashigar, kuma me ya sa yake haka ake kira?

A cikin tsohon kwana akwai wani m da ba a sani ba kasa - Tartary. Mun rayu a can ba a sani ba kabilai, Tartars dauke da wata barazana ga Kiristanci (a cikin Turai ji) da kuma manyan ta asalin daga sosai Tartar - Mulkin tsõro, mafi zurfi yankuna na Jahannama. Tun da kusan farkon karni na 19th Yammacin Turai gane dukan al'umman da suke zaune a yankin tsakanin Caspian Sea, kasar Sin da tekun Pacific.

Tarihi da sunan

Me Tatar mashigar kira Tatar? Bayan duk, daga Sakhalin, Japan da kuma Okhotsk tekuna, shi haɗu da wuri inda suka rayu Tatars, da dama kilomita dubu ... A gaskiya cewa Tartars Turawa koya a cikin kwanaki na Genghis Khan. Ba musamman kasawa daga harshen da al'adu na Turkic da Mongolian jama'a, da duk Turawa kira su Tatars. A tsawon lokaci, da kalmar "Tatars" da aka canza zuwa "Tartar". A muhimmanci rawa a cikin wannan canji sabon abu, wanda aka kira a harsuna samu: da sauti daga cikin kalmomi yawa kamar "Tartar" - mafi zurfi yankin na jahannama.

A tsawon lokaci, mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin wani m unknown ƙasa, ya fara sanya abõkan duk siffofin halayyar da mazaunan jahannama. The kalmar "Tatars" da "Tartar" ne haka baci sama, cewa ta matsatsiyar haɗa da tartar tare da sauran na ƙasa zama da aka sani tartar. Duk da haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa Tatar mashigar aka hade saboda mutane da yawa tare da wani abu m, kusan otherworldly. Ko da a cikin ta fi kudancin 40-80 kwanaki a shekara matsatsiyar aka rufe da kankara. A arewacin "kankara" lokaci na iya wuce har zuwa 170 days. Ice yanayi a cikin Tatar mashigar haka wuya da karatunsa cewa cartographers sun dogon muhawara, bay ko matsatsiyar ne yanayin fasalin.

Features da kuma ɓangaren da

La Perouse a 1787, Kruzenshtern a 1805, Broughton a 1796 kasance wani ɓangare na Tatar mashigar, amma saboda tsoron da yawa sandbars cewa an fallasa a low komowar ruwa, ba zai iya wuce shi zuwa karshen. Suka gamsu da cewa Sakhalin ne a sashin, kuma wannan wuri, da bi, da bay. A 1846, matafiyin Gavrilov tabbatar da version da kuma gano cewa ba mashigar kuma Sakhalin, Amur, ko Rasha ba su da da wani m darajar. Ya bai san abin da ko da 'yan shekarun da suka gabata kafin Japan surveyor dauki hutu daga farkon zuwa karshen, gamsu da cewa Sakhalin - tsibirin, ya ce da Tatar mashigar a kan taswira. Duk da haka, sai dai Japan, har 1849, wannan bayanai da aka ba su sani ba kowa. Kawai Nevel ya iya tabbatar da cewa ta matsatsiyar izinin ga jiragen ruwa. Amma wannan ya faru ne kawai a 1849. Mene ne mashigar na yau? Yana raba Asia daga Sakhalin Island. A tsarin kunsha na Tatar mashigar, da estuary na Amur da Sakhalin Bay, a haɗa da Tekun Okhotsk da kuma Tekun Japan. Tartar mashigar map ya nuna yadda ta nisa dabam a wurare daban-daban. A narrowest matsatsiyar Nevelsky shi ne kasa da kilomita 8 a Arewa ne 40 km da kuma kudu Coast rabu da juna ta 324 km.

Miracle yanayi - da Tatar mashigar

Mamaki ba kawai quaint bakin bay, amma shi ne mai babbar zurfin. Daya daga cikin mafi "m" wurare dake tsakanin mallaka Harbor da De-Kastri. Ga nuna zurfin 32-37 mita, da kuma shi ne kawai biyu mil daga bakin gaci. Around da Sakhalin Coast, a kusa da tsibirin Monneron, kusa da Cape Lesseps zurfin at duk jeri daga 50 zuwa mita 100. Amma tsakanin Cape Lazarev kuma ya mutu, inda aka yayatawa cewa akwai wani boye nassi daga tsibirin zuwa ɓangaren duniya, da zurfin kawai mita 10. Kusan duk na gari, located a kan gaba daga cikin matsatsiyar ne daidai da yankunan na Far Arewa. High zafi, low yanayin zafi ƙwarai wahalad da rayukan mutane, amma ba zai shafi rayuwar teku tãlikai. A cikin ruwan mashigar saba kifi da kuma sarki kifi, sockeye kifi da kuma perch. Mene ne abin mamaki shi ne cewa mazaunan gaɓar teku lokaci zuwa lokaci tsawon mita biyu shark kama. Long kasance wani asiri, kamar kifi, ba zai iya jure da sanyi, kama a net na gida masunta ne. Yau, duk zargi a cikin matsananci son sani da kuma motsi na predator. "Kau-" - don haka raha da kuma tsanani yan unguwa kira kama kifayen teku. A Tatar mashigar ply herring, smelt, mackerel.

Tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Tatar mashigar

Yau, kowane schoolchild san inda da Tatar mashigar. Koyi a makaranta da kuma birnin, located a kan ta gaba. Su kadan. A nesa na 663 km (wannan ne tsawon na matsatsiyar) suna located 8 birane. Sovetskaya Gavan zama da aka sani da Gacin ƙarshe na Abubuwan da BAM, ko da yake ta tarihi fara a watan Agusta 1953. Wannan tashar jiragen ruwa da ke a cikin Tatar mashigar yau hade Railway layi daga Komsomolsk-on-Amur Babbar Hanya zuwa Vanino da Lidoga kuma daga filin jirgin sama May-Gatka iya samun su kowane dot duniya. A 32 kilomita daga Sovetskaya Gavan ne m tashar jiragen ruwa na Vanino. Shi ne mafi girma da tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin Khabarovsk Abuja. Jirgin ruwa da zirga-zirga a nan ba a daina ko a cikin hunturu: kankara-hutu kullum tsabtace ruwan kankara murfin. Piers Vanino miƙa for 3 km da kuma 22 berths aiki a kusa da nan kowane lokaci.

Aleksandrovsk, Nevelsk, Kholmsk

Aleksandrovsk administratively nasa ne da Sakhalin yankin, da kuma aka located a yamma banki. A 75 km tafi ne a kananan filin jirgin sama karba-karba. A kan sauran ƙauyuka birane mazauna ta ɗaure tsakuwa hanya. Wannan birni a kan sauyin yanayi da yanayi yake daidai da Far Arewa. Rayuwa a nan shi ne matsananci da zahiri sanyi.

Nevelsk ma nasa ne da Sakhalin Oblast. Wannan tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin Tatar mashigar aka sani da Rasha ambaliyar ruwa yanki. Wannan ne mai yiwuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai uku na gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu: Kazachka, Lovetskaya da Nevelskaya. A shekara ta 2007, wata girgizar kasa kusan gaba daya hallaka birnin. Duk da cewa na maido aikin kammala dogon da suka wuce, mutanen da aka hankali da barin birnin.

Kholmsk - kadai da kuma most tashar jiragen ruwa a Sakhalin cibiyar na unfrozen ruwa yanki. Biyu zamani tashoshi, 3 tashar jirgin, wata babbar kai cibiya suna da alaka a guda tsarin. Kholmsk - ne cibiyar al'adu, kiwon kifi da kuma tattalin arziki. Har 1946, ya sa a Japan sunan Mauki (Maoka).

De-Kastri, Shahtersk, Uglegorsk

A karamin kauye da yawan jama'a na kasa da 4 da mutane dubu ne m saboda yana da yawa na halitta tsari ga jiragen ruwa. De-Kastri ne mai suna bayan da Marquis na La Perouse balaguro tallafa wa. A kananan amma m a cikin soja tashar jiragen ruwa nasa ne da Khabarovsk Abuja. Located kusan a tsakiyar Sakhalin Shakhtersk ma tana nufin Tatar mashigar. Shĩ ne kawai filin jirgin sama cewa haɗu da yankin zuwa Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, da kuma sauran birane na tsibirin. Yana iya dauka kawai YAK040 kuma AN-24. A birnin tattalin arzikin kasar ne a hankali ragewa: daga da dama mahakar yanzu aiki ne kawai "Udarnovskaya" kuma jera Solntsevsky kwal nawa. Port Uglegorsk sani na da tashar, wanda yan unguwa kira "River Tuhlyankoy". Ya jefa ɓangaren litattafan almara niƙa sharar gida a cikin Tatar mashigar, kuma mafi daidai a cikin Tekun Japan. Birnin yana da LPH da abinci Enterprises. Average shekara-shekara zafin jiki ne -1,7 ° C. Har 1946 a can aka mined ci, amma a yau da samarwa ne da za'ayi a wasu wurare.

Tatsuniya na Tatar mashigar

Ko da a cikin marigayi 19th karni, da ra'ayin gina wani boye rami da aka samarwa, abu don Sakhalin. M ra'ayin da aka ba gane: babu kudi domin ta aiwatar. A batu ne ya taso a shekara ta 1929, amma Stalin sanya yanke shawara. A rami a karkashin Tatar mashigar fara gina sojojin na Gulag fursunoni. Yana fara a kan Cape aka rasa, kuma ya kawo karshen sama a kasar a Cape Lazareva. Bukatarsa ce da yadda wuya shi ne aikin da fursunoni a cikin Far Arewa. Amma tare da mutuwar Stalin duk aikin ya tsaya. Wannan ya faru a rana daya biliyoyin zuba jari, ton na yi kayan zauna sauran. Murhu ta ba har ma fara. Duk da haka, a kan wannan shiri har yanzu yana da wani yawa Legends. kusan gama, amma sosai classified bisa ga wanda version yi. A kan sauran - sun cika da ruwa dubban fursunonin a cikin rami. An sani ga abu daya. Yau, akwai hanyoyi uku na a haɗa Sakhalin tare da babban yankin: da girma Dam, rami da gada. su aiwatar kwanakin an ba tukuna sani, amma shi ke da nisa fiye 2015. Wani lokaci, duk da haka, bayani bayyana a cikin latsa game da gaskiyar cewa idan Japan za su shiga cikin shiri, za a kammala a cikin mafi guntu yiwu lokaci.

Mene ne wani dam?

Masana kimiyya sun lasafta cewa idan dam namyvat a da narrowest batu (inda gaba rabu da juna ta hanyar kawai 7 km), da shekara za ka iya yin wani abin dogara dam da daya kawai dredge. A cikin ƙãre dam iya shigar da wani iko shuka, wanda aka yin famfo ruwa, zai nuna, ba su vata makamashi. Bisa ga designers, da dam ikon tashar zai shafi sauyin yanayi na Tatar mashigar. A mafi tsoro visionaries da'awar cewa tare da wannan fasaha na'urar iya canza matsananci yanayi na mashigar a dumi da kuma jin dadi makõma baki.