Jamus dara player Lasker Emmanuil (Emanuel Lasker): biography

Yana da ban sha'awa mu san cewa Lasker Emmanuil - Jamus lissafi da falsafa wanda ya duniya dara Zakaran na tsawon shekaru 26, kuma shi ne yadu shahara, godiya ga babban fasaha game. Bugu da kari, ya samu nasarar yi aiki a filin na zabi aljabara, kuma ta ilmin lissafi bincike na katin wasanni da aka sani har yanzu.

Bari mu koyi game da wannan ban sha'awa hali.

farkon shekaru

Dara player Emanuel Lasker aka haife shi a Berlinhene (Prussia) Disamba 24, 1868. Shi ɗan wata Bayahudiya cantor. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 11 da haihuwa, ya aka aika zuwa Berlin ya yi nazarin ilmin lissafi. A tsakanin karatu auku free lokaci, ya sau da yawa ta kaɗa masa wana a dara.

A yan'uwansa suke matalauta, kuma Lasker yanke shawarar cewa zai iya sa wasu kudi da halartar gasa, wanda ake shirya a cikin gida dara kulob din. Ya fi so wuri da aka gahawa "Kaiserhof", inda ya zarar ya fara lashe gasar.

A 1889 a Breslau, ya dauki fari a daya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin gasar. A wannan shekarar, ya tafi zuwa Amsterdam, inda ya lashe biyu wuri. A 1892, ya tafi zuwa London don nuna da basirarsu zuwa Birtaniya. Sa'an nan Lasker hijira zuwa {asar Amirka.

zakaran duniya

A 1894, Lasker lashe Duniya dara Championship ta doke sanannen player Vilgelma Steynitsa. Wannan taron ya girgiza duniya domin Emmanuel ne kawai shekaru 25 da haihuwa.

Incredulous lura, ba so su shigar da cewa saurayi ya lashe mafi girma player a cikin duniya, duk da haka tunanin mutuntaka zo ta yanke shawara. Sun dangana wannan ga cewa Steinitz ya riga quite wani tsohon mutum, kuma a cikin wasan ya ba iya nuna kwarewarsu.

Wilhelm kuma ce kafin na karshe zagaye ya sha wahala daga rashin barci, da kuma cewa shi ya sa ya rasa. Ya bukaci da a rematch Lasker. Amma Emanuel da aka ba faruwa hadarin shi da sauri haka ya samu title. Kuma a lõkacin da suka hadu da sake bayan shekaru biyu ga chessboard.

A wannan rematch, wanda ya faru a 1896, Lasker lashe sake. Bayan wani lokaci, ya amince da wasu masu lura da cewa babban factor a cikin sakamako na wannan wasan ya da shekaru da abokin gaba.

Business kuma dara

A 1895, duk da cewa Emanuel Lasker aka murmurewa daga typhus, ya dauki matsayi na uku a gasar, a Hastings. Mutane da yawa abokan adawar nuna cewa shi suna fadin da kuma na fasaha mutum, kuma, da bambanci ga kwararru da yawa, yana da wani farko-aji sana'a halaye.

Lasker gaske sani ba game da harkokin kasuwanci. Tun da ya kasance mafi kyau player a cikin duniya, domin jawabin nasa, ya bukaci cewa tallafawa na gasar ga $ 2,000. Duk da haka, sauran kasuwanci fitattu sun ba su cin nasara. Aiki da aikin noma da kuma kiwo tattabarai kasance m.

Saboda da bukatun ga samun kudi ga hallara a dara gasa da sauran 'yan wasa sun kuma fara bin misali. Lasker ya ce ya ba ya so ya mutu matalauci, kamar Steinitz. Ya ko da ya so don samun wani hakkin mallaka a kan dukan da wasanni (ya kasa yi, amma a shekarun 1960s, Bobby Fischer ya iya cimma wannan). A Jamus player da ya sanya a real juyin juya halin. Modern 'yan wasa son in gode Emmanuel ga cewa a yau za su iya samun kudi ga su gasar.

Ci gaba a kimiyya da kuma ilimi

By takara a dara gasa, Lasker Emmanuil bai manta game da karatu. Ya samu takardar shaidar da makarantar sakandare kammala a Landsberg an der Worth (a wancan lokaci birnin da aka dauke da wani ɓangare na Prussia). A Göttingen da Heidelberg, ya yi karatu lissafi da falsafa.

Lasker aiki a matsayin wani Malami a Tulane University a New Orleans (1893), da kuma Jami'ar Victoria a Manchester (1901). A 1902 ya samu doctorate daga Jami'ar Erlangen a nazarin m algebraic tsarin.

kare title

Lasker Emmanuil na tsawon shekaru 26 ya kasance a duniya dara Zakaran. Yana da aka m sauran 'yan wasa, wanda da'awar cewa ya kullum karai daga hannu a cikin wani rematch, don haka kamar yadda ba su rasa lakabinsa. Ya kare da take kawai 6 sau.

Vilyam Naper da zarar jawabin cewa Jamus dara player ne sosai wuya a lallashe domin sanin daidai lokacin da kuma sanya for wasan. A 1907, suka karshe haɗu, kuma Lasker ci shi da yaƙi.

A 1908 ya taka leda tare da wani sanannen player - Siegbert Tarrasch, kuma, ba shakka, lashe shi. Bayan gasar da abokin kokawarsa ce cewa rasa wasan, kamar yadda suka kasance kusa kusa da teku, wanda shi ne wani mummunan sakamako a kan shi. Ba da da ewa latsa yi izgili Tarrasch da kuma a kan ƙirƙirãwa.

A 1909, Lasker ci Davida Yanovskogo Polish dara player, da kuma a 1910 - doke Karla Shlehtera da kananan gefe a cikin maki. A shekara ta 1914, Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II shirya wani dara gasa tare da kyauta kudi - 1000 rubles. Lasker dauki bangare a shi, da kuma yi magana fita a kan m 'yan wasa: Jose Capablanca na Cuba, Akiba Rubinstein a Poland, Frank Marshall daga Amurka, Zigberta Tarrasha daga Jamus da kuma Aleksandra Alehina daga Rasha. A karshe, Emmanuel lashe Capablanca rabin maki kuma ya zama zakara. Ba da da ewa, a wani abincin dare jam'iyyar Rasha tsar mai suna Lasker da hudu sauran 'yan wasa, "Grandmasters". Kalmar da aka farko amfani.

Canje-canje a cikin wasan

Lokacin da yake rayuwa Lasker dara wasan ya canza da yawa. 'Yan wasa fara tunani yana kokarin mafi littattafai ya bayyana da kuma thematic wallafe a jaridu da mujallu, da yawan tricky motsa da dabaru ake kullum kara. Ko da sanannen Schoenberg ce cewa sa'ad da yake matasa, da player da ya zama kamar wani talented da kuma m. A dara 'yan wasa na karni na ashirin, shi ne zama dole mu tuna da dubban bambancin. Daya kuskure - kuma ka kasance a cikin wani batattu matsayi.

Dara - a ilmin lissafi game da bukatar bayyana tunani da kuma hukunci. Zakaran duniya Lasker ce a cikin littafinsa "The Art of dara» (The Art of dara), ba shi yiwuwa ya kwanta da dissemble a kan jirgin. Kana bukatar ka tunani ir} iro da kuma gina mai daukan hankali hade.

Personal rai

A cikin sirri rai Lasker ne duk bayyanannu, kuma daidai, kamar yadda a dara. A farkon 1900s, da mutuwa matarsa ta farko. Kuma a cikin 1911 ya aure a karo na biyu a kan Marta Koch, wanda ya zama m da shekara guda. Ta kasance mai arziki. A shekarar 1931 ya sanarda yin ritaya daga dara wasanni da kuma yanke shawarar komawa Berlin. Ya yi ritaya aka rudely ta katse zuwa na Nazis ga ikon. Tun lokacin da ma'aurata suke Yahudawa, a lokacin "anti-Semitic fushi" da aka tilasta su bar Jamus da kuma zuwa ga kashe wani lokaci a Ingila. Jamus hukumomi kwashe dukan dukiyar na iyali, da kuma biyu da aka bar ba tare da kudi.

Sai suka tafi zuwa da Tarayyar Soviet, inda Lasker dauki Soviet dan kasa. Ya dade sanar a Moscow Cibiyar ilimin lissafi. Ba da da ewa, shi da matarsa, suka je Amurka. Abin mamaki, a cikin rayuwa da ya sanã'anta nasarori a katin game "Bridge". Ya ma ya zama wani gaskiya sana'a. A Janairu 11, 1941, ya rasu a New York City daga wani koda kamuwa da cuta a asibiti Dutsen Senai.

sananne wallafe

A 1895, Lasker Emmanuil buga biyu daga cikin ilmin lissafi takardunku. Bayan da ya shiga doctoral (1900 -. 1902), ya rubuta wani dissertation, wanda aka buga ta Royal Society. Ya kafa a shekara ta 1904, mujallar nan da sannu sake masa suna "dara mujallar Lasker."

A 1905, ya buga wani labarin, wanda har yanzu a dauke su da muhimmanci ga aljabara da algebraic lissafi. A shekarar 1906 ya buga littafin "The Gwagwarmayar" gasar a dara. Sauran ayyukan da aka hade da falsafa. A 1926 ya buga ya shahara edition na "littafi na dara wasan» (Lehrbuch des Schachspiels).

Za mu iya cewa Emanuel Lasker ya ba kawai wani m dara player, wanda ya kare da take na tsawon shekaru 26, amma kuma mai girma lissafi da falsafa, waɗanda ayyukansu har yanzu suna Popular. Bugu da kari, ya ya iya gabatar da wasu canje-canje a cikin wasan chess: ga sa hannu a cikin gasar, marinjãya iya samun wani tsabar kudi lada, ya fara bayyana wani ra'ayi game da yadda za a samu hakkin mallaka domin su wasanni, da kuma ko da suka zo tare da wani yawa na haduwa, wanda yanzu amfani da yawa 'yan wasa. Saboda haka, suna da sunansa, babban aiki - m.