Duniya dara Zakaran - Sarkin dara duniya

Mutane da yawa da aka sani cewa wasanni tempers kwayoyin koyar da zama Hardy, m kuma isa ga manufa. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne mafi daga duk. Sport kuma taimaka tada matakin na ilimi ci gaba. An kyau kwarai misali ne dara. Mafi yawan mutane koma zuwa wannan wasan a matsayin nisha da kuma daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a wuce da lokaci. Idan ka shiga da zurfi, muna iya ganin cewa dara ne mai matukar tsari da kuma rare wasanni. Yana yana da matsayi, da yawa daban-daban kungiyoyi da cewa gudanar da daban-daban gasa da kuma gasa. Iyakar abin da bambanci daga wasu dara aiki jinsunan ne da cewa wasannin Olympics jerin, su ne ba. Ko da yake irin wannan diyya tsallake akwai. Saboda haka, kowace shekara biyu a duniya gasar wasannin Olympic da aka gudanar, wanda janyo hankalin ba kawai dara zakarun tsakanin mata da maza, amma kuma ga sabon shiga da suke so su nuna su fice ikon

Asalin wasanni: Indian chaturanga

Akwai wani labari bisa ga abin da wannan wasan da aka daidaita a cikin rayuwar al'umma. Da zarar kan wani lokaci a India, a Brahmin (firist) halitta Chaturanga - nisha, wanda wani jirgi tare da murabba'ai alternating launi. Wadannan Kwayoyin nuna Figures. Wannan wasan da aka sanya don gundura a fādar Sarkin - da Raja. Da sabuwar dabara ne don haka m ga mutum na jam'iyyar cewa lambar yabo ya nuna Brahmin zabi abin da ya ke so. Kuma firist tambayi timidly hatsi. Amma a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa kwayar halitta ta farko da aka yi da farko ake sa daya hatsi. Na biyu cell ga biyu, a na uku ya zama dole don sa hudu hatsi da sauransu. Yana daga baya ya haifar da hatsi a Mulkin bai isa ba, domin ka biya mai ban mamaki kyauta Brahmin. A hankali, wasan da aka modified dan kadan. Babban bambancin daga dara Chaturanga ne yawan 'yan wasa. Idan 'yan wasan biyu, da tsoho wasan ba ka damar hada nau'i biyu daga mutane shiga a cikin zamani iri. Matakai a Chaturanga ƙaddara da suna kuri'a.

management kamfanonin

A hankali wasan yada a fadin duniya. Abin lura shi ne cewa ba addini kuma siyasa al'umma da kõme ba daga wannan nisha. A halin yanzu, babban kungiyar yin daban-daban gasa ne International dara Federation, ainihi rage tsawon. Yana da aka kafa a cikin twenties karni na ashirin da. A karshen na biyu Millennium, duniya dara Zakaran Garry Kasparov Ya halitta PCA - Professional dara Association, wanda dade kawai na shekaru uku. Duk da haka, a cikin irin wannan gajeren lokaci ta gudanar ya "ƙirƙira" mai yawa da karfi da 'yan wasa. Duniya dara zakara, horar da kuma nuna your gwaninta a PCA, an dauki wani "zakara na classic wasan."

Sun talantin daga Norway

Ko da yake dauke da wani wasanni yana da dogon tarihi na ci gaba, na duniya gasa da aka gudanar a ranar da shi kwanan nan. A karshe yaƙi domin dara kambi da aka gudanar a 'yan watanni da suka wuce. A gasar, wanda aka gudanar a Chennai, India, ya nuna masu sauraro mai ban mamaki sakamakon. A karo na farko a cikin tarihin gasar lashe da irin wannan wani yaro. Ashirin da biyu Norwegian Magnus Carlsen aka bayar da lakabi na "World dara Champion." A wani m yaki da wani matashi grandmaster lashe Indian master Vishvanatana Ananda. A kawai goma wasanni gasa ƙare a cikin ni'imar da matasa grandmaster. Yau, yanzu duniya dara Zakaran daga Norway fi jerin daga cikin ababuwa 'yan wasa na duniya. Wannan ranking biyu bayan Magnus Carlsen Levon Aronian ne. Rufe da uku shugabannin zo daga Rasha ta Vladimir Kramnik. Bayan tsanani ayukan hutu dara, Magnus Carlsen ya tabbatar da kanta a cikin tallan kayan kawa kasuwanci. Da hotunan da sau da yawa ƙawata murfin da rare mujallar GQ.

Back gida wasanni

Tsohon duniya dara zakara, an haife shi a India. Sunansa - Viswanathan Anand. Ya lashe title of mafi kyau player a duniya a shekara ta 2007. Haife grandmaster a Jihar Madras a 1969. A farko malamin ya mahaifiyarsa India. Ta koyar da nan gaba daga cikin shahararrun grand master fasaha kafa "mat". Viswanathan zarar zama mafi kyau player a India. Tun shekara ta 1993, Anand nasarar taka rawa a cikin daban-daban gasa na gasar duniya. The title of "World dara Champion" Hindu samun a shekara ta 2007, bayan ya doke Vladimir Kramnik. A shekara daga baya, Viswanathan Anand ya tabbatar da take samu nasarar adawa Bonn. A shekarar 2013, India iso wurin matasa Norwegian.

Dear Soviet Masters

Vladimir Kramnik jama'a da aka sani da goma sha huɗu duniya dara Zakaran. Garinsu ne talented grandmaster Tuapse. Akwai kuma Vladimir aka haife shi a shekarar 1975. Kramnik ne daya daga waɗanda suka tare da mutunci, kuma girman kai ne take na zakara na "gargajiya dara" bisa ga Professional dara Association. Bugu da kari, Vladimir Borisovich yankewa Rasha master wasanni a cikin wannan tsari.

A shekarar 1991, Kramnik aka bai wa lakabi na kasa da kasa Grandmaster. Har a wannan lokaci ya crowning nasara da lakabi ne na zakaran duniya tsakanin yayanka. Vladimir ba kawai brilliantly wakilta Rasha a duniya gasa a cikin tawagar kasar.

A farko gagarumin nasara ga Kramnik wani rabo a cikin 2000. An sa'an nan a London, da Rasha saka "aboki" wa takwararta, baya zakaran duniya Garry Kasparov. Shekaru hudu daga baya, Vladimir hadu a dara jirgi tare da Bitrus Leko. Bayan wani dogon gwagwarmaya da Russia kare daraja. A 2006 Kramnik hada bisa ga PCA duniya suna tare da wannan suna ta ainihi, inda ya lashe a wani daidaituwa wasan Veselina Topalova. A shekara daga baya ya wuce da daraja daga cikin 'yan qasar India - Viswanathan Anand.

Goma sha uku World Champion

Wani fairly sanannun adadi a duniya na dara ne Garry Kasparov. Grandmaster aka haife shi a shekarar 1963. A 'yan qasar na Baku asali haifa sunan Weinstein. A karo na farko a dara hukumar mahaifinsa dasa. Harry ya sa'an nan da shekaru biyar da haihuwa. A shekarar 1976 akwai na farko gagarumin taron a rayuwar yaron, kuma ya zama zakara na Tarayyar Soviet dara Championship. Bayan shekaru biyu Kasparov brilliantly nasara a gasar, "Sokolsky Memorial", wadda aka gudanar a Minsk. Ta hanyar wannan taron, Harry da aka bayar da lakabi na Master of Sports.

A 1980, Kasparov gama makaranta tare da wani ya samu lambar zinariya. A wannan shekara da aka alama ta haka wani muhimmin taron a wani matasa rayuwar mutumin. A Dortmund, ya aka bayar da lakabi na zakaran duniya tsakanin yayanka. A lokacin, Kasparov shi ne auta grandmaster a duniya.

A cikin shekaru goma sha takwas matasan zama zakara na Tarayyar Soviet. A farko fitarwa na GM a adult wasanni da ya faru a shekarar 1984. Da abokin gaba da aka Anatoly Karpov. Play wasa na duniya dara Zakaran ya rikodin a duration. A wasan da ya dauki tsawon watanni da dama, daga Satumba 1984 zuwa Fabrairu 1985. A gasar da aka lashe ta Karpov. A taro na gaba na biyu artists da aka gudanar a Satumba 1985. A wuri na gasar da aka Moscow. Shi ne a nan, da kuma gano 13 duniya dara Zakaran. Suka zama Garry Kasparov, wanda doke baya "Sarkin jirgin, kuma pawn" tare da ci 13:11. Har farkon na ashirin-arni na farko, da wani talented grandmaster ya akai-akai tabbatar da hakkin ya sami wata daraja maxaukakiya farko a kan ainihi version, sa'an nan bisa ga PCA. Shekara goma sha biyar bayan da manya manyan abubuwan da Rasha master gasa ya rasa wa takwararta Vladimir Kramnik. Haka kuma, da lakabi na zakaran duniya da aka ma rasa.

gabatar tare da suna

Anatoly Karpov ne goma sha biyu duniya dara Zakaran. Haife shi a Rasha birnin Zlatoust, ya aka haife shi a shekarar 1951. Ta hanyar mahaifinsa Karpov yana da shekaru biyar, na farko koya game da duniyar dara. A goma sha huɗu, Anatoly zama maigida na wasanni a cikin wannan tsari. An ban sha'awa al'amari na samun da lakabi na zakaran duniya Karpov. Samun cimma sakamako mai kyau a junior ashana, da matasan ya samu wani kasa da kasa gasar. Da abokin gaba ya zama Robert Dzheyms Fisher. Duk da haka, jim kadan kafin fara wasan da American ki shiga. Saboda haka, na sha biyu zakaran duniya Anatoly Karpov samu title. A m shekaru, GM ya tabbatar da cewa ya cancanci ya sa da suna daga cikin sakamakon high. Dara player sosai nasarar yi a daban-daban gasa. A asusun da ya yi nasara a Milan a shekarar 1975. Wadannan da Italian rabo da aka bi da babu kasa da ban sha'awa da ci gaba a Manila, Rovinj-Zagreb da kuma sauran birane. Karpov sau uku zakara na Tarayyar Soviet. Grandmaster kuma riqe da duniya rikodin ga mafi wins. A lokacin dukan wanzuwar wasanni ba wanda ya iya cimma wannan sakamakon, wanda ya kai Anatoly Karpov.

American Bobby

Robert Dzheyms Fisher - na farko duniya dara Zakaran daga Amurka. shi ne aka sani da Bobby duniya al'umma. A mujallar "dara Information" mai suna mafi kyau player a cikin American karni na ashirin. Gift Playing dara shi ya bude wani yar'uwarsu. Bobby rayayye tasowa da basirarsu da kuma a shekaru na goma sha uku ya lashe US take a dara tsakanin matasa. A shekara daga baya, ya ɗaukaka matsayi a cikin balagaggu gasar, zama ƙarami dan wasa wanda ya samu staggering nasara a cikin irin wannan matashi. A shekaru na goma sha biyar, Fischer ya zama grandmaster, bar baya ga sakamakon Borisa Spasskogo, samu da take a shekara goma sha bakwai. Tare da wannan wuri da kuma na farko dara player Bobby Duniya gasar. A shekara ta 1972, Fischer yana sanya "mat" na Soviet-Faransa grandmaster da kuma samun muƙamin.

The goma lashe duniya gasar

Boris Spassky aka haife shi a 1937, a Birnin Leningrad, ya. Na koyi wasa dara da shekaru biyar. A hamsin na karni na ashirin Boris karo na farko daukan kashi a wasan karshe mataki na gasar da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma tare da kwanyarsa lashe. A wannan shekara, Spassky aka bayar da lakabi na kasa da kasa Grandmaster. A shekaru na shekara talatin da biyu, ya zama duniya dara Zakaran da fatattakar Tigran Petrosian. A 'yan shekarun baya watsa high daraja American Bobby Fischer.

Soviet grandmasters

Tigran Petrosian aka haife shi a shekara ta 1929 a Tbilisi. Title na kasa da kasa grandmaster dara Soviet samu a shekara ta 1952. Bayan wani lokaci ya zama Merited Master of Sports na Tarayyar Soviet. By lashe 'Yan takarar gasar a shekarar 1962, Tigran ke duniya. Akwai ya lashe duniya take, wanda ya kasance a gaba ga takwararta Mikhail Botvinnik. Shekara bakwai daga baya, da suna fada wa Borisu Spasskomu.

Jerin lashe gasar duniya da mamaye da Soviet dara zakarun tsakanin maza na duniya. Bugu da kari, waɗannan suna kuma hada Vasily Smyslov, Aleksandr Alehin, Mikhail Tal da Mikhail Botvinnik. A karshen ne na farko Soviet zakara a cikin wannan wasa.

Mikhail Botvinnik aka haife shi a 1911 a Vyborg lardin. Talatin da bakwai bayan haihuwa Mikhail zama duniya dara Zakaran da fatattakar wani abokin gaba daga Amsterdam Maksa Eyve. Domin duk lokacin da na sa hannu a cikin gasar Botvinnik taka leda da ɗari biyu jam'iyyun.

Wucewa juna title

Wadda ta gabãta daga Mikhail Botvinnik, Maks Eyve - biyar Duniya dara Champion. Ya haifuwa ne Amsterdam. A shekaru hudu, yaron ya zama interested in dara. A shekaru goma, ya fara taka rawa a cikin gasa. A 1935, Max Euwe aka bayar da lakabi na duniya dara Zakaran.

Title ya wuce zuwa da shi, sai su yi magana, gada daga GM Aleksandra Alehina. Soviet dara player for quite lokaci mai tsawo amincewa mamaye da sauran 'yan wasa. The title of duniya dara Zakaran Alekhine samu bayan gasar unbeaten tiyo Raulem Capablanca a 1927. Da zarar wani suna da aka rasa. Wannan ya faru a shekarar 1935 a cikin wani wasan da Maksom Eyve. Duk da haka, bayan da wasu lokaci da take aka mayar da. Soviet grandmaster ne kawai mutum a cikin tarihin na wasanni, wanda ya mutu undefeated.

"A Turk"

A 1888, an haife shi a Havana Jose Raul Capablanca-da-Graupera. shi ne aka sani da "The Turk" a cikin tarihin na dara. Saboda haka Capablanca kira ga rashi na kurakurai a lokacin da jam'iyyun. Cuban Zakaran suna lashe a 1921. Da abokin gaba da aka Emanuel Lasker. Capablanca kalubalanci mashawarta grandmaster faru tun kafin gasar. Duk da haka, har yanzu Lasker ba zai iya yarda a yi wasa da matasa iyawa. M nasara, daya bayan daya suka runtume Jose Raul, yayin da a shekara ta 1927 shi bai kira ga wasan Aleksandr Alehin. Sa'an nan da kambi na dara duniya m canza mai shi. Suka zama a 'yan qasar na Tarayyar Soviet.

Psychology da kuma wasan

Duniya na biyu dara Champion - Emanuel Lasker. An haife shi a 1868 a Jamus. Ya rike wani ban mamaki rikodin a cikin dara duniya: da Jamusanci gasar League mallakar for ashirin shekara bakwai. Wannan ya taba ya faru a cikin tarihi na wasanni. Masana kimiyya da dama kira Lasker "majagaba" a cikin filin daga m tsarin kula da sana'a da dara. A 1894 a World Championship a New York Emanuel ta farko nasara. Ya aka bayar da lakabi na zakara. Ya ya samu nasarar yin up to 68 shekaru.
A 1836, Prague aka haife Vilgelm Steynits - na farko duniya dara Zakaran. Koyarwarsa da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan m nasara ci gaban da dukan tarihin na dara. Duniya take aka bai wa Steinitz a wani wajen balagagge shekaru. A wannan lokacin ya kasance shekara hamsin.