Jamus mawaki Richard Strauss: A Biography, kerawa

Richard Strauss - da mawaki, wanda operas kuma m waka yawaita tunanin wahayi. Expressionism (magana) na ayyukan da ya yi shi ne da wani m dauki ga jama'a na lokaci.

Richard Strauss. Biography na mawaki

Richard mahaifarsa ba wanzu. A 1864, Munich wani birni mai zaman kanta da Mulkin Bavaria, sa'an nan ya koma Jamus asashe. Yuni 11 a iyali kotu mawaki Franz Strauss ɗa. Uba bauta opera Faransa Kakakin (iska kayan aiki, vaguely kama wani helical bututu). Ya kasance da farko malamin music of Richard. Classes ake tsĩrar biyu gaske murna, wannan ya kai ga cewa a farkon 6 yaro dan shekara ƙware m tsarin rubutu da kuma kayan aiki. Bugu da kari, kai-hada na farko wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da kuma tsaya rubutu har mutuwarsa.

Kimiyya yaron ta uba da jũna ma mazan jiya, ya aka neman wani daban-daban magana a music. A 1874, Richard Strauss farko hadu da ayyukan Wagner, ya karshe mamaya style da kuma yanayi na wasan kwaikwayo. Amma Uba da gaske ya yi ĩmãni da wadannan ayyuka na music daga cikin ƙananan aji kuma ko da hani da ɗansa ya saurare su. Kawai kai ƙarfinsa, Richard fara wani zurfin nazari na ci "Tristan da Isolde". A halin yanzu, yana halartar rehearsals Kotun Orchestra kuma sami darussa na orchestration da kuma ka'idar.

style mawaki

Music Strauss - a search na sanannen style cewa aro daga Richard 'yan shekaru. A 1882 ya shiga Institute of Falsafa da Tarihin a Munich, amma ya fita bayan wani shekara horo. Amma shi kuwa akwai gana da Max Schillings. Samari biyu ne irin kusa abokai cewa Strauss sauki domin shawo wasu yi da fi so sana'a tsanani. Saboda wannan, Jamus da samun da m shugaba da kuma mawaki na Theatrical productions, kazalika da malami da kuma "Mona Lisa" opera Poster.

Richard Strauss kansa aika zuwa Berlin. Akwai samun post na shugaba da kuma ci gaba da rubuta qagaggun a cikin mazan jiya style mahaifinsa. Kyakkyawan misali ne da "Kakakin Concerto №1». Bayan 1883 matasa Strauss gana da Aleksandrom Ritterom. A m zumunta na Wagner tabbatar da yaron cewa gaskiya music ba zai iya zama wani ta maimaitawa cewa symphonic waqe - wannan shi ne hanyar da ta dace domin mawaki. Daga wannan lokaci kan shi ne tabbatar zama haske da haske style of Strauss.

Personal rai

Babban tasiri a kan rabo da aikin Richard Strauss da ya farin ciki aure to Pauline de Ana Maria. Suka sadu da a 1887 a Munich. Paulina fara ta solo opera singer kuma dauki darussa daga mawaki. Kamar yadda a karkashin bi shi to Weimar. Brilliant halarta a karon a 1890, a 1894 taka rawa a cikin wasan opera na malaminsa "Guntram." Sun bikin aure ya faru a kan Satumba 10 a garin Marquartstein.

Wayward hali na matasa matar Richter ya jimre stoically, barata ya talented hali dabiu. A cewar wasu kalamai cewa sun sauko mana kwanaki, bayan zafin yãki da Pauline ya ziyarci ta musamman aiki Muse wahayi. Lalle ne, shi ya kasance a lokacin da ya aure Richard Strauss ya rubuta mafi kyau ayyukansu. Don matarsa ya rubuta 'yan songs, bayan da kisa da singer ta shahararsa ya karu.

Happy rayuwa soyayya biyu ƙare saboda wani m kuskure. Wata rana matata mika bayanin kula da mijinta, a lõkacin da ya yi rangadin Jamus, da wani ba a sani ba mace. Kashegari, Pauline yi na kisan aure. Dawo gida, Richard kokarin bayyana wani tunanin actress, cewa bai aikata wani abu ba, amma ita ba za ta saurare shi. Har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa da mawaki ya romantic ji wa tsohon matarsa, ba kawai rubutu music for shi, kuma babu wanda kuma bai sadu.

kerawa Strauss

Mawaki Richard Strauss kokarin ba to ba a ga "siyasa hadari" a cikin kasar, amma a matsayin gaskiya mahaliccin tunawa yanayi na mutane. Ya rayu fiye da shekaru 80 da samu uku daban-daban gwamnati tsarin mulki. The musamman da suka bambanta da mawaki - a wani abin mamaki yi. Rubuta music, ya iya ko da yaushe, kuma a ko'ina, ba tare da kasancewa m "stagnation" ko crises. Da farko aikin, "Guntram", halitta a 1893 - shi ne mai m drama, classically gina for farko gwajin a viewer.

Bugu da ari aiki da mawaki yana da irin wannan iri-iri na nau'o'i da cewa shi ya bayyana a cikin aikin da marubuta daban-daban. "Daga Italiya" (1886, Richard Strauss) - symphonic waka, rubuta a kan kwaikwayo na tafiya. A 21, matasa mawaki ziyarci romantic kasar ga wata, kuma haka cike da farin ciki motsin zuciyarmu da cewa jefa su a kan music takarda. A viewer shubuha hali zuwa taron makada, amma mawaki fara magana da tuna sunansa.

"Don Juan" (1889)

A cikin shekaru 25 da Straus ya kai wani balagagge fasaha da kuma lashe m duniya na wannan karfi, Tsayayyar waka. Akwai aka rinjayi da Italiyanci da kuma rãnã, kuma fadowa cikin soyayya tare da almajiri de Ana. Waka sadaukar da Ludwig Tuyll, da wanda ya yi karatu a Munich. A farko ya faru a ranar 11 Nuwamba, ya m, kuma yana da babban rabo mai girma.

"Don Giovanni" - wani m labarin game da runaway masoya. Subject sweeping violins, m yardarSa, wadda ta gabãta a cikin sihiri gabatarwar, kamar wasan wuta. Karrarawa da garaya magana game da sihiri da soyayya da kuma tausayi ga mace. Low rubutu Wharton da kuma clarinet magana mai laushi rada tare da wani dabara sauti na violins. Karrarawa a cikin jam'iyya da bututu cika da rai na m fun. A culmination daga cikin play - tremolo violins kuma suna son a sake fatattakakkun kuma shi kadai.

"Macbeth" (1888-1890 gg.)

Bayan da "Don Juan" rubuta Richard Strauss wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Macbeth". Wannan taron makada bai sanya mai girma hargowar da aka dauke da kafofin supersaturated. uba na da mawaki ya ba da wannan samfurin kaifi kima da kuma buƙatun gyara kayan cikin haruffa. A cewar shi, da ra'ayin ba sharri ba, amma wajibi ne a jefa fitar duk da instrumental ta'addi. Yana hana kallo don gane fasa da marubucin da kuma ji abin da ya bada ce.

Duk da haka, mutane da yawa sami shi kusa da yanayi Jihar hankali. Tafakkuri na Shakespeare, bala'i da kuma buga laifi - za'a iya sm Concepts zai jaddada. Wannan aiki ne game da careerism da avarice mutãne waɗanda ba su daina tun kafin ma laifi.

"Mutuwa da kuma Transfiguration" (1888-1889 gg.)

Wannan wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da Richard Strauss - da dabara ji daga cikin dokokin duniya da kuma na 'yan Adam rauni. An rubuta a nuna na da canji na gwamnatin tsarin da kuma nuna tsoron zamani al'umma canza da kuma rashin tabbas na nan gaba. A ra'ayin na talauci da kuma mutuwa a wani waka da Richard ya burge tare da intellectuality.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran abubuwan da marubucin wannan taron makada taka da karfi, da misali da kuma matsa lamba. Amma a matsayin mai raba aiki ne tare da sosai ban sha'awa wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. A dukan batu na rashin ruhaniya ta'aziyya ga makawa da kuma mummunan karshen ga wani mutum wanda ya nuna yabo da godiya da ya zama.

"Merry pranks" (1895)

"Fun dabaru Zuwa Eulenspiegel" Strauss kishin abokinsa Arthur Seidl. Sun yi karatu a wannan jami'a a Munich kuma amince da su halittar Wagner love. Seidl a lokaci daya aka dauke da wani gwani a kan aikin da biography na mawaki, wanda duk rayuwarsa kamantuwa da Richard. Daga bisani, Arthur yi aiki a matsayin edita na Jamus tsakiyar jarida da kuma C. Klatte rubuta wani littafi game da abokinsa. "The halayyar shaci" shi ne na farko biography da kuma bincike na m aiki da Richard Strauss.

The waka sanya ta halarta a karon a Cologne, shi bauta Herzen Orchestra, gudanar da F. Vyultern. A tsawon lokaci da samfur ne kawai minti 15, amma masu sukar ce shi ne saman talanti ɗaya na marubucin. A cikin review na M. Kennedy ya kira shi "s m." A play kunshi 27 aukuwa, wanda aka dage farawa daga aiki a kan labarin da Kasadar na almara gwarzo Eulenspiegel daga haifuwa zuwa mutuwa.

"Kamar wancan ne Ya yi magana Zarathustra" (1896)

A cikin halittar wannan waka sake halarci sauran composers Artur Zaydl. By da yanayin da ya ayyuka, ya daga 1898 zuwa 1999 da aka aiki da Nietzsche Amsoshi. Shi ne ya yi ya Richard "Kamar wancan magana Zarathustra" littafin da sanannen zurfin tunani. Strauss rubuta karkashin ra'ayi na karanta mai girma symphonic waka. 9 guda da sunayen da surori na littafin. Marubucin da kansa zai gudanar da farko yi a Frankfurt.

Masu farin ciki tare da ba za su daga Jamus Romanticism, a cikin abin da wani irin "m" tana aiki tare da wata hauka despotism. Music ne sau da yawa amfani a cikin zamani duniya da kuma cinematography. Alal misali, allon uwar garken shirin "Me? Inda? Lokacin? "Kuma a cikin fim din" Space Odyssey ". Directed by S. Kubrick dauki wani ɓaɓɓake daga cikin taron makada "Kamar wancan ne Ya yi magana Zarathustra" (Strauss) domin biyayya da unearthly talikai.

"Salome" (1905)

Drama Richard aka rubuta a kan samfurin na Oscar Wilde, wanda marubucin ya rubuta ga Sary Bernar. A farko da aka alama ta irin wannan abin kunya a Berlin cewa wannan za a iya dauka a matsayin wani mataki mai nasara daga cikin play. Erotica da kuma ji na ƙwarai, wani tunanin Gabas, lalata Salome da bambanci da tsarki na Baptist - shi ke yin ishãra da misali da wannan mawaki kamar Richard Strauss. "Salome" da aka rubuta da rabi shekaru. A aiki, da rubutu hali na protagonist. Maimakon wani lebur da kuma kai tsaye dodo rufe da dabba so, kuma ya bayyana m yarinya yalwaci mai ban tausayi so.

A Puritan Jamus wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da ya sa gauraye da sake dubawa daga sukar. Ko da mawaƙa ki yi rawar a cikin play, ya kira ta lalata. A farko actress wanda aka miƙa rawar da Salome, Richard ya ce mini cikin fushi: "Ni mai kyau mace!". Duk da haka, wannan ne singer M. Wittich ya ɗauki 'yanci na magana farko.

"Mai tsayi" (1915)

Last symphonic waka na Jamus mawaki. Ko a farkon matasan da Richard damu da ra'ayin samar da music cewa sauti kamar hawan tudu. Sau uku ya fara aiki, amma kowane lokaci da m zanen gado da aka aika zuwa hura wuta. Kawai a cikin shekara ta 1914, "Frau ohne Schatten" bayan da wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, marubucin sake dauka domin ci gaba da wannan ra'ayin.

A farko ya faru a ranar Fabrairu 18 a Berlin, gudanar da marubucin. "An mai tsayi Symphony" - daya daga cikin rare abubuwa zamaninmu. Wannan shirin music, karya a cikin ma'anar 22 guda. A karshe tunawa concert na Richard dauke ne wannan waka ta Bavarian Jihar Orchestra a 1941.

da mawaki na song

A tsawon rayuwar marubucin ya rubuta da yawa songs for soprano, wanda ya rera da ya fi so mace. Yana halitta "Hudu Last Songs" a 1948. A concert, wannan aikin da aka sung a kammala. Richard Strauss, wanda songs yi ko da yaushe aka cika da ƙishirwa ga rayuwa da kuma m, a karshe muqala ya rubuta game da gajiya da jira na mutuwa. Jiran karshen sauti sauki, mai lafiya ga mutum, ya zauna a wani aiki rayuwa.

"A da yamma haske" - na farko song yayi magana da kwanciyar hankali, rubuta a cikin ayoyi J. Eichendorff. Next zo da "Spring" da kuma "ya yi barci." Karshe "Satumba" - mai ban mamaki shigar azzakari cikin farji autumnal yanayi da kuma haske ruwan sama. Wadannan ayyuka a waqe da Hermann Hesse. All songs - na musamman hade da music da kuma rubutu. A yanayi da style ne da karfi da cewa zargi, ba su gane mahara songs rabu amfani ko da a '48, kuma a yanzu ganin su a matsayin mafi dabba marubucin.

Author da shugaba

Bugu da kari a wadannan symphonic operas, Richard ya rubuta "Domestic Symphony" da "Don Quixote", "Rayuwa ne gwarzo" da kuma suite "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme", kamar yadda da dama wasu nasara da kuma ba-haka ayyukansu. Bugu da kari ga ayyukan Strauss - da shugaba da ya music kuma ayyukan wasu composers. Ya sharhin - wannan wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da kuma taron makada marubuta zamanai 18-20.

Richard Strauss - karshe romantic ya lokaci - ya halin aikinsa tare da mutumci da kuma sauki:

"Watakila ni ba a farko-aji mawaki, amma na - na farko-aji na biyu-rate mawaki!".