Kai da kuma ɓangaren da na Rasha: fasali, ribobi da fursunoni. Kuma tattalin arziki da kuma kai-ɓangaren da na Rasha

Rasha shi ne mafi girma kasa a duniya. Northern ɓangaren duniya batu ne Cheliuskin m (t-to Tajmyr) insular - .. M Fligely (na Rudolf.). Extreme yammacin rabo aka dauke a kan wani yashi tofa a cikin Kaliningrad (Baltic Sea), m -. M Dezhnev (Chukotka).

A ƙayyadaddu na ƙasa

A tsawon iyakarta yana da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan tattalin arziki da sufuri da kuma ɓangaren da na Rasha. Kusan dukan ƙasa na jihar da aka located in Eastern Hemisphere. Mafi yawa daga cikin kasar kayyade har na bambanci a lokaci - 10 hours. A sparsely lugar yankunan da tekuna iyaka timezones wuce tare da meridians. A densely lugar yankunan, sun zo daidai da administrative kan iyakoki na batutuwa. A total tsawon na kan iyakoki na Rasha Federation - 60 dubu km .. Daga cikin wadannan, 40 thous. Km suna dauke teku. Su ne a cikin 22,7 km na bakin gabar teku. A 370 km daga babban yankin da kuma tsibiran da ake located da iyakoki da tattalin arziki Maritime bangarori na kasar. Cikin da iyaka yarda shipping zuwa kowace ƙasa. A hakar na halitta albarkatun ruwa da subsoil da aka sanya na musamman na Rasha Federation.

arewacin kan iyakar

Sun wuce ta cikin ruwan Arctic Ocean tekuna: da Barents, Kara, Gabas Siberian, Laptev Sea. All amma da farko an rufe for a shekara fakitin kankara. A wannan batun, da sufuri na kaya a kan su fiye da wuya. A cikin Arctic Ocean ne Rasha kansu na Arctic. All ta tsibiran kasance a cikin Rasha Federation, fãce, 'yan daga cikin Svalbard tarin tsiburai.

West kuma Gabas

Gabas gudanar da tekun Pacific da kuma Tekun Okhotsk, da Bering Sea, Tekun Japan. Sakhalin Island aka raba ta game. Hokkaido La Perouse mashigar. Tekun Japan ba daskare, wanda ya samar da kai links tare da wabtansu. Ruwan Baltic Sea na Rasha Federation da alaka da Jamus, Baltic kasashe, Poland, Sweden. A arewacin ruwa a wasu yankunan da aka daskarewa, kuma a kan sauran - babu. A Baltic Sea bayar da wata kai mahada tare da yawan Yammacin kasashen Turai. A kudu maso yammacin Maritime iyaka gudanar tare da Black kuma Azov Tekuna. Kananan tsawon layin ne ma a kan Caspian Sea.

Kai da kuma ɓangaren da na Rasha (9th sa)

Kafin rushewar tarayyar Soviet, kasar da 4 babban kanti zuwa cikin teku:

1. Black Sea.
2. Arewa Sea.
3. Pacific.
4. Baltic.

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet ta samar da wani zaman kanta a jihar, shi ya halicci CIS. Abu mai muhimmanci canza kai da kuma ɓangaren da na Rasha. A takaice, da Lalacewar Union ƙwarai iyakance yiwuwar m damar yin amfani da kasar ta babban cinikayya hanyoyi. Wannan shi ne musamman alama a yankin na Black kuma Baltic Tekuna. Wannan, bi da bi, na da wani tasiri a kan geopolitical halin da ake ciki.

tashoshin jiragen ruwa

Kai da kuma kasa halin da ake ciki na Rasha a yau ne wajen rikitarwa. A kasar ya zama kusan yanke daga Baltic Amirka. A manyan kasashen duniya da tashar jiragen ruwa a yamma a yau ne St. Petersburg. Yana bayar da wani ciki cibiyar sadarwa na hanyõyi wanda diverge kamar fan a daban-daban kwatance daga gare ta. Kaliningradskij Viborgskiy tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma da ƙananan iya aiki da kuma cunkoso. A Black Sea-Azov tasa da akwai wani yawan matsaloli. A cikin wannan yanki shi aiki biyu mashigai - Tuapse da Novorossiysk. Ta hanyar su fitar dashi da kuma man shigo da hatsi. Amma a cikin wadannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa ne ba Piers for loading yanki da kayayyaki da kuma kwantena. Kai da kuma ɓangaren da na Rasha da aka ma wuya ta gaskiya cewa kudu da kuma arewa-maso-yammacin akwai jihar bakin teku shafukan dace domin gina quays ba tare da iyakancewa halin kaka.

Northern Way

Rinjaye kai da kuma ɓangaren da na Rasha muhimmanci takaita teku mahada tare da jihohin da West ta cikin Black kuma Baltic tekuna. Tare da wannan ya karu rawa arewacin mashigai. Wannan hanya da ake dangantawa da high-latitud wajen m seafaring. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu quite wani m matsala na kara da damar da arewacin mashigai. The canji na hanyar zuwa manyan hanyoyi dauki shekaru da dama. Saboda haka, a cikin 1932, daga Murmansk zuwa da Bering mashigar, kuma a shekarar 1935 - da ya faru ba tare da hunturu icebreaker zuwa Vladivostok "Siberians". Regular iyo ya fara tun 1937. Jirãge dauki game da wata daya zuwa rufe da nesa. Kewayawa a arewacin hanya ne 4 watanni. Wannan hanya ta haɗu da Far East da kuma Turai tashoshin jiragen ruwa, bakin Siberian koguna. Ya kamata a lura cewa a Siberia kusan babu sauran harkokin sufuri hanyoyi. A wannan batun, da darajar da arewacin line zai kawai kara.

Far East

Canza tun zamanin Tarayyar Soviet kai da kuma ɓangaren da na Rasha, da ribobi da fursunoni na cewa idan muka dubi kowane yankin ne, bayyananne tilasta gwamnatin zuwa refocus} o} arinta a kan ci gaban m yankunan. Wannan, musamman, ake dangantawa da rauni ci gaba da Far Eastern inda ake nufi. Kuma akwai abũbuwan amfãni a yankin. Daya daga cikin manyan abũbuwan amfãni daga Far East ne don samar da jimloli zuwa tekun Pacific. Idan ka ci gaba da wannan shugabanci, yana yiwuwa su muhimmanci inganta sufuri da kuma ɓangaren da na Rasha. Ribobi da fursunoni na data kasance Yau halin da ake ciki a Far East suna lalacewa ba ne kawai ta hanyar ciki amma kuma ta waje dalilai. Saboda haka, har yanzu akwai gunaguni a Japan kan tsibirin.

reluwe

Musamman safarar kuma ɓangaren da na Rasha bayyana ba kawai a cikin ci gaban teku hanyoyi. Yau akwai matsaloli da dangantaka da aiki na Railway kai. Misalai na Rasha kai da kuma ɓangaren da a Soviet da kuma a halin yanzu a fili shaida ga wannan. Saboda haka, a cikin shekaru da Tarayyar Soviet a kan yammacin kan iyakoki na 25 Railway crossings aka mayar da hankali. Yau, da Rasha Federation yana da kawai 3:

1. Daga cikin Kaliningrad yankin zuwa Poland a Brest.
2. Tare da Finland.
3. Daga St. Petersburg don Grodno.

Fursunoni sufuri da kuma Gwargwadon wuri ne bayyananne da kuma Rasha a filin daga hanya kai. Kewaya hanyõyi quite m ga kasar. Don kwanan wata, akwai wani gagarumin iyakance damar Railways da kuma hanyoyi, kazalika da teku, da kuma kogin mashigai.

EGP da kuma kai-ɓangaren da na Rasha

Don sanin wuri na kasar a kwatanta da sauran kasashen, na nazarin matsayinsu kan manyan harkokin tattalin arziki da cibiyar al'adu. A cewar wadannan Manuniya, assesses kai da kuma ɓangaren da na Rasha. A lokacin da nazarin da daban-daban Sikeli aka yi amfani:

1. Macro matakin. An halin da kasar ta matsayi a cikin duniya, a dukan duniya sikelin tare da girmamawa ga babban yankin, da key cibiyoyin kasa da kasa da tattalin arziki da kuma siyasa, kai hanyoyi.
2. Meso. Ya characterizes kasar dangane da kungiyoyin kasashen duniya da samar da tarihi yankuna (Asia-Pacific, kudancin Asiya).
3. Micro matakin. A wannan sikelin, bincikar kai da kuma ɓangaren da na Rasha dangane da kan iyaka da kasashen.

Geopolitical matsayin nuna jihar a kan siyasa taswirar duniya. EGP halin da matsayi na kasar a tattalin arziki da matakin. Don kwatanta gudanar da key tattalin arziki cibiyoyin duniya. EGP ne m da kai da kuma kasa location.

meso

Saboda canje-canje a cikin geopolitical halin da ake ciki, wani hijirarsa gudana. Tare da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet a Rasha aiki reallocation fara. Rikon kwarya hijirarsa gudana fara shirya a cikin Urals da Volga yankin. A manyan yawan zauna a yankin Krasnodar, da Stavropol yankuna. Tare da migratory ƙungiyoyi fara muhallinsa na soja zuwa iyakar yankunan. Muhimmanci canje-canje suna alama da kuma kasuwar matsayin dangi zuwa yankin ciniki abokan, masana'antu cibiyar sufuri hanyoyi.

yankunan kungiyar

Yau, ya zama ruwan dare yankuna da sharadi gwargwado ga dauke da fitar da tattalin arziki da ayyukan. Akwai wurare da wasu matsaloli ga harkokin kasuwanci. Na farko da kungiyar, sũ ne waɗanda suke a cikin sashi na rinjayar babbar tarayya sufuri Dandali: Moscow da kuma yankin, ga ~ ar teku, Sverdlovsk, Perm yankin. da sauransu. Na biyu kungiyar hada da yankunan dake a cikin hinterland: da Volga-Vyatka yankin yammaci da kuma gabashin Siberia, da Magadan Oblast, Komi Jamhuriyar da sauran gefe yankunan.

geopolitical manyan al'amurra

Masana tarihi sun kiyasta cewa Tarayyar Soviet a biopolyarnom duniya (America - NATO, Tarayyar Soviet - kungiyar na Warsaw Yarjejeniyar). Bayan rushewar da canza geopolitical matsayi na Rasha. Duniya da ake zama progressively multipolar. A da manufofin, Rasha kamata ba mayar da hankali a kan wani daya kungiyar na kasashe. A halin yanzu, muhimmanci links ba kawai tare da CIS jihohi. Domin Rasha wani fifiko a yau hidima kafa hadin gwiwa tare da dukkan kasashe a cikin abin da kasuwanni na iya zama riba don sayar da kayayyakin da saya kare kayayyakin don kanka. Jihar tana mayar da hankali a kan waɗanda suke iko, wanda ba wani damar samun matsakaicin amfani daga waje dangantakar. Daban-daban manyan al'amurra da aka a baya hade da wani yawan hali da suke dacewa nan. Yau da halin da ake ciki ya canza. Haka kuma, reoriented da kuma manyan al'amurra. Sun shine su:

1. Southern da kuma yammacin Turai. Strong links da aka kafa tare da Jamus.
2. Gabashin Turai Amirka. Su Rasha shirin sabunta da kuma inganta sadarwa.
3. Asia-Pacific kasashen (China, India, Japan, Korea).

Canje-canje a cikin geopolitical halin da ake ciki sun sa da dama daga mummunan sakamakon. A halin yanzu, kasashen waje cinikayya tare da kasashen yammacin da kuma kudancin yammancin duniya ta hanyar da CIS kasashe. Wannan ƙwarai dagula kai yadda ake gudanar da aikin na kasa da kasa yanayi na man fetur da makamashi hadaddun.

ƙarshe

A halin yanzu, Rasha har yanzu taka rawar da daya daga cikin mafi girma a exporters na raw kayan. A daidai wannan lokaci da kasar ne da kaya na zuba jari da kuma mabukaci kaya a duniya ciniki. Duk da haka, da "hanya model" ya zo da wani samun kudin shiga, ba zai iya cikakken tabbatar da m kuma ci gaba mai dorewa a jihar. Wannan shi ne yafi saboda da depletion na data kasance filayen, da rashin isassun kudade ga ci gaban sabuwar fasaha kayan aiki lalacewa da tsagewa, obsolescence na samar da aiki da fasahar. Daya daga cikin manyan al'amurra na kasar a yau, bisa ga masana, a cikin ni'imar sa hannu a cikin ayyukan da sulhu da na kasa da kasa ikon yinsa. Rasha ne a halin yanzu da hannu rayayye a cikin duniya rabo daga aiki. Duk da haka, wannan tsari yana tafiya ne tare da duka biyu tabbatacce kuma korau sakamakon. Plus shi tsaye da cewa gwamnati na da damar da za su saya a kan kasuwar kasa da kasa, da zama dole kaya da kuma ayyuka a sosai mai araha farashin. A daidai wannan lokaci, kasar ne ma wani m. Kuma idan waje farashin su ne m fiye da m, sakamakon wannan aiki zai zama korau. Tare da duk matsaloli, da jihar riko da wani qualitatively sabon manufofin. A wannan yadu used abũbuwan amfãni daga Gwargwadon wuri. Yau, kasar ne a saman goma kasashen da suka rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan hadin kai a matakin kasa da kasa tare da Baltic jihohi. A irin wannan yarjejeniya ne a karfi da kuma tare da Black Sea yankin.