Kasashen daji da ƙauyuka: ƙasa, yanayi, fauna

Deserts na yankin hamada suna bushe, yankuna bushe na duniyar, inda babu fiye da 25 cm na hazo a shekara da dama. Babban mahimmanci a cikin samfurin su shine iska. Duk da haka, ba duk wuraren daji ke fuskantar yanayin zafi ba, wasu daga cikinsu, akasin haka, an dauke su yankuna mafi sanyi daga duniya. Masu wakiltar furanni da fauna sun bambanta da yanayin mummunar yanayi.

Yaya za a tashi wuraren daji da wuraren rani?

Dalili na samar da ganyayyaki suna da yawa. Alal misali, a cikin Atacama Desert kadan ruwan sama, saboda shi ne located a gindin duwatsun da su crests rufe shi daga ruwan sama.

Iceland da aka gina domin wasu dalilai. A Antarctica da Arctic, babban dusar ƙanƙara ya fadi a bakin tekun, zuwa yankuna na ciki, dusar ƙanƙara baƙi sun isa. Nauyin haɗuwa mafi yawa ya bambanta sosai, saboda dusar ƙanƙara, misali, shekara-shekara na iya fada. Irin wadannan drifts dusar ƙanƙara an kafa a cikin daruruwan shekaru.

Hotuna masu zafi suna da taimako daban-daban. Sai kawai wasu daga cikinsu suna rufe yashi. Yawancin masu rinjaye yawancin mutane suna yaduwa da pebbles, duwatsu da sauran nau'o'in. Kasashen daji suna kusan budewa sosai don shawo kan su. Ƙunƙarar iska ta ɗebo gutsattsarin ƙananan duwatsu kuma ta buge su a kan duwatsu.

A cikin kogin yashi, iska tana dauke da yashi a cikin yankin, ta samar da adon da ake kira dunes. Mafi yawan nau'in dunes ne mafi yawan dunes. Wani lokacin tsawo su isa mita 30. Dunes drest za su iya samun tsawo na 100 mita kuma mika domin 100 km.

Yanayin yanayin zafi

Sauyin yanayi na ƙauyuka da yankunan hamada suna da bambanci. A wasu yankuna, yanayin rana zai iya kai har zuwa 52 ° C. Wannan batu ya faru ne saboda rashin gizagizai a cikin yanayi, saboda haka babu wani abu da zai kare fuskar daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Da dare, yawan zazzabi yana raguwa, wanda aka sake bayyana ta rashin iskar gizagizai, wanda zai iya jinkirta jinkirin zafi ta hanyar farfajiya.

A cikin zafi mai zafi, ruwan sama abu ne mai ban mamaki, amma wani lokaci akwai ruwan sama mai yawa a nan. Bayan ruwan sama, ruwan ba ya nutse a cikin ƙasa, amma da sauri ya fito daga farfajiya, wanke kayan ƙwayoyi na ƙasa da pebbles a cikin raƙuman ruwa, wanda ake kira wadi.

Yanki na wuraren daji da wuraren rani

A cikin nahiyoyi, wanda ake dake arewacin latitudes ne hamada da kuma Semi-hamada subtropical da temperate zones. Wasu lokuta akwai wurare masu zafi - a Indo-Gangetic lowland, a Arabiya, a Mexico, a kudu maso yammacin Amurka. A cikin Eurasia, yankunan hamada da dama suna cikin Caspian lowland, a cikin Asiya ta Tsakiya ta Tsakiyar Asiya da Kudancin Kazakh, a cikin kwari na Tsakiya ta Tsakiya da Asiya ta Asiya. Kasashen tsakiya na Asiya ta tsakiya suna nuna yanayin sauyin yanayi.

A cikin kudancin kudancin, wuraren daji da wuraren rani-ƙasa suna faruwa sau da yawa. Irin wannan hamada da wuraren hamada kamar Namib, Atacama, kogin hamada a kan tekun Peru da Venezuela, Victoria, Kalahari, Gibson Desert, Simpson, Gran Chaco, Patagonia, Great Sand Sandy da Carrh da ke tsakiyar kudu maso yammacin Afirka.

Kasashen daji suna lakabi a kan tsibirin nahiyar na yankunan da ke yankin na Eurasia, a kan tsibirin tsibirin Kanada, a arewacin Greenland.

Dabbobi

Dabbobin daji da wuraren daji da yawa na shekarun da suka wuce a irin wadannan yankunan sunyi dacewa da yanayi mai tsanani. Daga sanyi da zafi, suna ɓoyewa a cikin raye-raye da kuma abinci, musamman, bangarori na shuke-shuke. Daga cikin fauna akwai da yawa jinsunan dabbobi masu cin nama: fox Fenech, Jungle Cats, cougars, coyotes kuma ko da damisa. Sauyin yanayi da wuraren daji da kuma wuraren daji ya ba da gudummawar cewa dabbobi da yawa sun bunkasa tsarin thermoregulation daidai. Wasu mazauna wuraren daji zasu iya tsayayya da asarar ruwa zuwa kashi uku na nauyin nauyin su (alal misali, geckos, raƙuma), kuma daga cikin jigilar guraben akwai wasu nau'in dake iya rasa ruwa zuwa kashi biyu bisa uku na nauyin su.

A Arewacin Amirka da Asiya, akwai abubuwa masu rarrafe, musamman ma masu yawa. Mafi yawanci macizai ne: ephi, macizai masu guba iri-iri, boa-tsutsotsi. Na manyan dabbobi samu saiga, Kulan, da raƙuma, pronghorn, kwanan nan bace Przewalski ta doki (a cikin bauta, shi zai iya har yanzu a iya samu).

Dabbobi na hamada da yankunan rakara na Rasha su ne manyan nau'o'in fauna na musamman. A cikin yankunan hamada na kasar nan akwai wuraren haushi, shinge, birni, jayman, macizai masu guba. A cikin wuraren da ke kan iyaka na Rasha, zaka iya saduwa da nau'i-nau'i 2 - karakurt da tarantula.

Kogin polar yana zaune a cikin ƙoshin pola, wani musk ox, jigon tsuntsaye da wasu nau'in tsuntsaye.

Furotin

Idan muka magana game da ciyayi a hamadar da kuma Semi-Hamada hadu daban-daban murtsunguwa, zhestkolistye ciyawa, shrubs, psammophytes, ephedra, itacen ƙirya, Haloxylon, sabulu itace, kwanan dabino, edible lichen da sauransu.

Kasashen daji da yankuna masu nisa: ƙasa

Kasar gona, a matsayin mai mulkin, an ci gaba da ɓaruwa, salts mai yuwuwar ruwa a cikin abun da ke ciki. Sabbin tsofaffin nau'o'i da tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsalle suna kasancewa a cikin manyan duwatsu, waɗanda suke iskar da iska Girashi mai launin ruwan kasa yana da haɓaka a filayen tuddai. Ƙauyuka suna kuma kasancewa da solonchaks, wato, kasa da ke dauke da kimanin 1% na salts mai sauƙi. Bugu da ƙari, gandun daji, ana samo aslonka a steppes da kuma gonaki-hamada. Ruwan ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi salts, lokacin da aka ajiye a kan ƙasa ƙasa an ajiye shi a cikin babban kasansa, wanda ya haifar da salincin ƙasa.

Mabanbanta iri ƙasa halayyar wannan yanayin zones a matsayin subtropical Hamada da kuma Semi-Hamada. Ƙasa a cikin wadannan yankuna yana da takamaiman launin orange da launi. Tsarinsa a cikin tabarau, ya karbi sunan da ya dace - krasnozem da rawaya. A cikin belin mai zurfi a arewacin Afirka da Kudu da Arewacin Amirka akwai wuraren da wuraren da aka kafa. A wasu wurare masu nisa na wurare masu zafi, an kafa kafa mai launin ja-rawaya.

Halitta yanki na Hamada da kuma Semi-Hamada - ne mai babbar iri-iri shimfidar wurare, sauyin yanayi, Flora da fauna. Duk da mummunan mummunan fushi da bala'in, wadannan yankuna sun zama gida ga yawancin nau'in tsire-tsire da dabbobi.