A sakamakon mitosis, an kafa sabon kwayoyin halitta: fasali da muhimmancin tsari

Daya daga cikin wuraren da sanannen cell ka'idar tsarin wata sanarwa game da bayyanar da sabon Kwayoyin daga tushen, watau iyaye. Amma wannan zai iya faruwa a hanyoyi biyu. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne mitosis. Yana da mahimmanci ga tsarin aiwatar da kanka. Mene ne kwayoyin sun samo asali daga mitosis, menene lambobin su da kuma fasalin fasalin - duk waɗannan zasu tattauna dalla-dalla a cikin labarinmu.

Tsarin salula

Kwayar tantanin kwayar halitta zata iya wanzu a cikin tazarar tsakanin matakan biyu ko daga farkon wannan tsari har zuwa lokacin mutuwar. Wannan mataki shi ne lokacin da tantanin halitta sake zagayowar. Ya haɗa da matakai na rabuwa da kuma wani lokacin lokaci tsakanin su, wanda ake kira interphase. A wannan lokacin, kwayoyin suna girma da kuma samar da kayan abinci.

Amma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shine lokacin aiwatar da DNA macromolecules. Akwai dukkanin bayanin kwayoyin halitta game da tantanin halitta an ɓoye shi.

Ta yaya sassan ke raba

Tare da taimakon maiosis, spermatozoa da qwai suna karuwa. Dalilin wannan tsari shi ne samar da samfurori hudu daga cikin mahaifiyar mahaifa tare da jimla guda biyu na chromosomes. Saboda wannan dalili, an kuma kira shi raguwa raguwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci, domin a lokacin da hadi daga jima'i jinsin akwai sabon kwayoyin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi rabin abin da ke tattare da shi daga mahaifi da uban. Kuma wannan zai yiwu ne kawai idan dabarun su ne haɓaka.

Wadanne kwayoyin ne aka kafa a sakamakon mitosis? Amsar ita ce mai sauƙi: diploid, wato, tare da ƙaddarar ƙwararru biyu. Wannan tsari ma yana da muhimmanci. Abinda ya faru shi ne cewa sakamakon sakamakon ƙwayoyin masihu ne, wanda shine ainihin kwafin uwar. Dukkanin su suna da damuwa.

Hasashen mitosis

Kan aiwatar da kafa sabuwar somatic cell hada da dama bulan. Zamaninsu na tsawon lokaci, dangane da irin kwayoyin halitta, sun kasance daga minti kadan zuwa sa'o'i da yawa.

Aikin farko shine ake kira prophase. A wannan lokaci, ana samar da filaments na chromatin, yawan ƙwayar nucleoli, kuma an ragargaje ramin. Gashi na tsakiya ya rushe, saboda chromosome sun shiga cikin cytoplasm.

Mataki na biyu ana kiranta metaphase. Dalilinsa ya kasance a cikin gina chromosomes a cikin jirgin sama daya da kuma abin da aka haɗe su daga filayen filament. Anaphase ya bi, wanda shine mafi kankanin mataki. A sakamakon mitosis, an kafa sassan 'yan kayyade sosai. An kammala wannan tsari a mataki na telophase. A wannan yanayin, ana nuna ƙarancin chromosomes. Suna kusan ba a ganuwa a ƙarƙashin haske mai zurfi. Kashi na gaba, harsashi na tsakiya ya fara farawa a cikin chromatid, kuma fission spindle hankali ya ɓace.

Yawancin kwayoyin halitta an kafa su a sakamakon mitosis

Mitosis a matsayin hanya na rarraba kwayoyin eukaryotic shine mafi yawan yanayi. Saukewa daga ɓangarorin jiki ko ɓangarorin jiki sune saboda wannan tsari. A sakamakon mitosis, an halicci 'ya'ya biyu daga iyayensu guda. A daidai wannan lokacin, saboda sau biyu na kwayar halittar DNA a cikin interphase na tantanin halitta, an kiyaye tsinkayen tsirrai na diploid da aka kiyaye.

Mitosis - tushen iri daban-daban na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu: vegetative - a tsire-tsire, cell division kashi biyu - da sauki, Multi-tsaga - da zazzabin cizon sauro m, spore - fungi da ferns, dake tasowa - coelenterates.

Muhimmancin muhimmancin mitosis

A sakamakon mitosis, kwayoyin halitta tare da wannan chromosomal da aka saita a matsayin iyayensu an kafa. A sakamakon haka, an tabbatar da aiwatar da canja wurin bayanin kwayoyin halitta, komai yawancin yankuna na yau da kullum suke faruwa. A lokacin wannan tsari, adadin chromosomes da jerin jerin nucleotides a cikin kwayoyin DNA sun kasance masu dogaro.

Sabili da haka, sakamakon sakamako na mitosis, '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' biyu ' Wannan yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na karyotypes kuma shine yanayin da ba za a iya gani ba game da kasancewar dukan rayayyun halittu a ko'ina cikin tsawon lokacin da suka keɓaɓɓu da bunkasa tarihi.