Gabashin Siberiya: yanayi, yanayi

Gabashin Siberia na daga cikin yankin Asiya na Rasha. Located a kan iyakar da Pacific Ocean zuwa da Yenisei River. Wannan yanki yana da yanayi mai matsanancin matsananciyar yanayi da iyakancewar fauna da flora.

Bayanan wuri

Gabashi da yammacin Siberia zauna kusan kashi biyu daga uku na yankin Rasha. Akwai a kan tudu. Yankin gabashin ya rufe yankin mita 7.2. Km. Dukiyarta ta bazu har zuwa tsaunukan Sayan. Yawancin ƙasashen tundra lowland ne. Ƙungiyoyin Transbaikal suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun taimako.

Duk da matsanancin yanayi, akwai wasu manyan birane a Gabashin Siberia. Mafi mahimmanci daga ra'ayi na tattalin arziki shine Norilsk, Irkutsk, Chita, Achinsk, Yakutsk, Ulan-Ude, da dai sauransu. A cikin yankunan su ne Transbaikal da Yankunan Krasnoyarsk, da Jamhuriyar Yakutia, Buryatia, Tuva da sauran yankunan gine-gine. Babban irin ciyayi shine taiga. An wanke shi daga Mongoliya zuwa iyakar gandun daji. Ma'aikata fiye da mita miliyan 5. Km. Yawancin taiga suna wakiltar gandun daji na coniferous, wanda ya zama kashi 70 cikin dari na ciyayi. Kasa ci gaba unevenly dangane da halitta yankunan. A cikin tanga, kasar gona mai dadi, barga, a cikin tundra zone - stony, daskararre.

An lura da akwatunan da ba a kula da su a cikin tsaka-tsaki da ƙananan ƙasa. Duk da haka, sun kasance mafi ƙanƙanci fiye da haka a Siberia ta Yamma. Amma a yankin gabashin akwai wasu wuraren daji na arctic da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.

Halaye na taimako

Gabashin Siberia na Gabas yana cikin babban mataki a kan teku. Dukan kuskure shine plateau, wanda yake a tsakiyar yankin. A nan, yawancin dandamali ya bambanta daga mita 500 zuwa 700 a saman matakin teku. An lura da matsayi mai girma na yankin. Hannun mafi girma shine layin Lena da layin Vilyui - har zuwa mita 1700.

Tushen Siberian yana da alamar da aka kafa ta fuskar murya, wanda akwai manyan yadudduka masu yaduwa tare da rassan har zuwa kilomita 12. Tsakanin yankin da ke Aldan Shield da Anabar Massif sun ƙayyade arewacin yankin. Matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙasa shine kimanin kilomita 30. A yau, tushen Siberian ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i masu yawa na duwatsu. Wannan shi ne marble, da kuma crystalline shale, da kuma charnockite, da dai sauransu. Mafi yawan ajiya kwanan baya ya dawo zuwa shekaru 4 biliyan. An kirkiro dutsen giraguwa a sakamakon ɓarna. Mafi yawan waɗannan adibas ne a cikin Tsakiya Siberian Plateau, kazalika a Tunguska tasa.

Taimakon zamani shine hadewa da ƙauyuka da duwatsu. A cikin kwaruruka, koguna suna gudana, ana gina ruwa a kan ruwa, a kan tuddai sun fi girma bishiyar bishiyoyi.

Yankunan yankin ruwa

An yarda da ita cewa gabas ta gabas yana fuskantar filin jirgin ruwa na Arctic tare da "facade". Yankin gabas yana kan iyakokin teku kamar Kara, Siberiya da Laptev. Daga cikin manyan tafkuna akwai wajibi don rarrabe Baikal, Lamu, Taimyr, Pyasino da Khantayskoe.

A cikin kwari mai zurfi, koguna suna gudana. Mafi muhimmancin su shine Yenisei, Vilyui, Lena, Angara, Selenga, Kolyma, Olekma, Indigo, Aldan, Lower Tunguska, Vitim, Yana da Khatanga. Jimlar tsawon kogi na kusan kilomita 1. Yawancin wuraren da ke cikin yankin na Arctic Ocean. Sauran wuraren ruwa na waje sun haɗa da koguna kamar Ingoda, Argun, Shilka da Onon. Babban tushen abinci mai gina jiki a cikin cikin ciki na Gabashin Siberia shine murfin snow, wanda a cikin babban tsari ya narke ƙarƙashin rinjayar hasken rana daga farkon lokacin rani. Muhimmin muhimmiyar gudummawa wajen samar da yankin ruwa na nahiyar na takaitaccen ruwan sama da ruwa. Matsayi mafi girma a cikin basin an rubuta a lokacin rani.

Kolyma an dauke shi mafi girma a cikin yankin. Gidan ruwa yana da fiye da mita dubu 640. Km. Tsawon shine kimanin kilomita dubu 2.1. Kogin yana farawa a Upper Kolyma Highlands. A cikin shekara guda fitowar ruwa ya wuce mita mita 200. Km.

Gabashin Siberia: yanayin sauyin yanayi

An kafa siffofin meteorological yankin ne ta wurin yanki na yanki. Tsarin Siberia na Gabas za a iya taƙaitaccen bayaninsa a matsayin nahiyar, mai tsanani. Akwai gagarumar sauyin yanayi a cikin girgije, zazzabi, da hazo. Ruwan anticyclone na Asiya ya kirkiro a cikin yankuna masu yawa na karuwa, musamman ma wannan abin ya faru a cikin hunturu. A gefe guda kuma, sanyi mai karfi yana sa yanayin iska ya canza. Saboda wannan, hawan canjin yanayi a lokuta daban-daban na rana sun fi muhimmanci fiye da yamma. Tsarin Siberia na arewa maso gabashin kasar yana wakiltar mutane masu yawa. An halin babban hazo da kuma dusar ƙanƙara. A cikin wannan yanki, koguna na tsakiya suna ci gaba, wanda ake saukowa da sauri a cikin ƙasa. Abin da ya sa a cikin Janairu yawan zafin jiki ya saukad da zuwa mafi ƙarancin. A wannan lokaci na shekara Arctic iskar. Sau da yawa a cikin hunturu, zaka iya tsinkayar yawan zafin jiki na iska zuwa -60 digiri. Mahimmanci, irin wannan nau'i ne na halayen kwari da kwaruruka. A kan tudu, masu nuna alama ba su sauke ƙasa -38 digiri.

An yi amfani da wutar lantarki tare da isowa daga iska daga Sin da tsakiyar Asiya zuwa yankin.

Sauyin yanayi a cikin hunturu

Ba abin mamaki shi yana dauke da cewa mafi tsanani, kuma harsh yanayi yana daidai da Eastern Siberia. Tebur na alamun zafin jiki a lokacin hunturu shine tabbacin wannan (duba ƙasa). Wadannan alamomi suna karuwa a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata.

Saboda karuwar rashin iska, yawan yanayin da ake yi da kuma yawan kwanakin rana, irin waɗannan dabi'u masu daraja suna sauƙin sauƙi fiye da sauyin yanayi. Daya daga cikin siffofi na yanayin hunturu a Gabashin Siberia shine rashin iska. Yawancin lokutan akwai yanayin kwantar da hankali, saboda haka babu kusan blizzard da blizzards.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa, a tsakiyar ɓangare na Rasha, sanyi na digiri-digiri 15 ya fi karfi a Siberia -35 C. Duk da haka, yanayin yanayin zafi kadan yana kara damuwa da yanayin rayuwa da kuma ayyukan mazauna gida. Duk wa] anda ke rayuwa suna da ganuwar gami. Domin gine-gine gine-gine yi amfani da masu amfani da makamashi masu tsada Yanayin fara farawa ne kawai da farkon Maris.

Lokacin zafi

A gaskiya ma, bazara a wannan yanki ne takaice, yayin da ya zo da marigayi. Gabashin Siberia, wanda sauyin sauyin yanayi ya sauya ne kawai tare da isowar jiragen ruwa na Asiya mai zurfi, fara tashi ne kawai tsakanin watan Afrilu. Bayan haka an tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na yanayin zafi a yayin rana. A watan Maris akwai warming, amma ba shi da muhimmanci. A ƙarshen Afrilu yanayin ya fara canzawa don mafi kyau. A watan Mayu, murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya narke gaba daya, tsire-tsire masu fure. A lokacin rani a kudancin yankin yanayin ya zama zafi sosai. Wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiya game da ɓangaren ƙaura na Tuva, Khakassia da Transbaikalia. A watan Yuli, yawan zazzabi ya kai zuwa +25 digiri. Ana kiyasta mafi girma rates a filin filin. A cikin kwari da tsaunuka har yanzu yana da sanyi. Idan ka dauki dukan na Eastern Siberia, da talakawan zafin jiki a lokacin rani a nan - daga +12 zuwa +18 digiri.

Yanayin yanayi a kaka

Tuni a ƙarshen watan Agusta, Gabas ta Gabas ta fara farawa da fari. An lura da su musamman a arewacin yankin a daren. Yayin rana, hasken rana yana haskakawa, ruwan sama tare da dusar ƙanƙara, wasu lokutan iska tana karuwa. Ya kamata a lura da cewa sauyawa zuwa hunturu yafi sauri daga bazara zuwa rani. A cikin taiga, wannan lokacin yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 50, kuma a cikin filin steppe - har zuwa watanni 2.5. Dukkan wadannan siffofi ne masu banbanci da suka bambanta da wasu yankuna na arewacin Gabashin Siberia.

Sauyin yanayi a cikin kaka ma yana wakilta da yawan ruwan sama da ke fitowa daga yamma. Daga gabas, iskandan iska na iska sun fi yawan iska.

Tsarin hazo

Taimako shine ke da alhakin wallafawa yanayi a Gabashin Siberia. Duk da matsalolin da yawan gudu daga cikin iska yana dogara da shi. Kimanin 700 mm na hazo a kowace shekara a yankin. Alamar matsakaicin don lokaci na rahoto shine 1000 mm, ƙananan ma'auni shine 130 mm. Matakan hazo ba a bayyana ba. A kan tudu a tsakiyar belin, ruwan sama ya fi sau da yawa. Saboda wannan adadin hazo a wani lokaci ya wuce alama 1000 mm. Yankin mafiya yanki shine Yakutia. A nan adadin hazo ya bambanta cikin 200 mm. Akalla ruwan sama ya auku a cikin lokacin daga Fabrairu zuwa Maris - har zuwa 20 mm. Yanayi mafi kyau ga ciyayi dangane da hazo su ne yankunan yammacin Transbaikalia.

Tsinkaya

A yau, babu wani wuri a duniyar da za ta iya gasa game da nahiyar da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin meteorology tare da yankin da ake kira Eastern Siberia. Sauyin yanayi a wasu yankuna yana da tsanani a cikin tsananinta. A cikin kusanci kusa da gefen polar ya ƙunshi sashin permafrost.

Wannan yanki yana da alamar murfin ruwan sanyi da rashin yanayin zafi a ko'ina cikin shekara. Saboda wannan, yanayin tsaunuka da ƙasa sun rasa mummunan zafi, daskarewa zuwa zurfin mita. Kasashen nan sune mafi yawan dutse. Ruwan ƙasa yana cike da talauci, sau da yawa daskarewa don shekaru masu yawa.

Furotin na yankin

Yanayin Siberia Siyasa ne mafi yawancin wakiltar taiga. Irin wannan ciyayi yana kara daruruwan kilomita daga kogin Lena zuwa Kolyma. A kudu da taiga aka kẽwayesu da Tekun Okhotsk. Abubuwan da ke cikin gida ba su da wasu mutane. Duk da haka, saboda yanayi mai dadi, yawanci akwai mummunar mummunan wuta. A cikin hunturu, yawan zafin jiki a cikin tanga ya kai -40 digiri, amma a lokacin rani masu nuna alama sukan tashi zuwa +20. Yanayi shi ne matsakaici. Yanayin Siberia Siyasa ne kuma wakiltar yankin na tundra. Wannan yanki yana kusa da Arctic Ocean. Ƙasa a nan an fallasa, yawan zazzabi yana da ƙasa, zafi yana wuce kima. A cikin wuraren tsaunuka, furanni irin su ciyawa auduga, launin dutse, poppy, da saxifrage suna girma. Daga itatuwan yankin, za ku iya bambanta spruce, Willow, poplar, Birch, Pine.

Duniya dabba

Kusan dukkan yankuna na Gabashin Siberia ba su da wadata a fauna. Dalilin da wannan shi ne ƙaddarar, rashin abinci da ci gaba da layin bishiyoyi.

Dabbobi mafi girma shine launin launi, lynx, moose da wariyar launin fata. Wani lokaci zaka iya samun foxes, dodanni, ɓoye, badgers da weasels. Daji, tururuwa, doki da dusar ƙanƙara suna zaune a tsakiya.

Saboda ƙasa mai cike da daskararriya, akwai wasu 'yan nau'i na rodents: squirrels, chipmunks, moths masu tashi, beavers, groundhogs, da dai sauransu. Amma duniya tayi yawa bambanci: itace grouse, clype, hazel grouse, Goose, crow, woodpecker, duck, nutcracker, sandpiper, da dai sauransu. .