Cell ka'idar

Bude da kuma bullo da Kalmar "cell" mallakar Robert Hooke. Duk da haka, da masanin kimiyyar gane shi (cell) kamar yadda voids a yi kama (uniform) abu, wanda ya shuka. Animal Kwayoyin aka farko aka bayyana da Leeuwenhoek wanda ya gano ja jini Kwayoyin da maniyyi. Instruments (microscopes), wanda aka yi amfani da masu bincike na 17-18 ƙarni, ba a yarda ya dogara kafa wani na kowa abubuwa na microscopic tsarin gabobin dabbobi.

Duk da cewa da ganye sinadaran ne mafi samuwa ga binciken, cell ka'idar ne mai ilmi warwatse da kuma unsystematic. Bayan Hooke masu bincike sun ce cewa shuka kyallen takarda da wani takamammen tsarin, halin da gaban a sassa daban daban na daban-daban microscopic Kwayoyin. Amma gano ko wani generalizations daga lura sanya sa'an nan ya ba.

A 18th karni, microscopic karatu sun ba da wani qualitatively sabon ilmi. Kawai da farkon kerarre microscopes zuwa binciken ci gaba. By da 30th karni, shekaru 19 na manyan botanists na lokaci da damar karfafa sanin na farko tsarin da shuke-shuke. Tun da cell na'am da matsayi na "na farko Tsarin". Amfani da hanyar da maceration (jiko) karya zato cewa kowa bango microscopic barbashi. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya sun ƙarasa da cewa tantanin halitta shine rufaffiyar tsarin. Haka kuma, shi ne bai wa wani cin gashin.

Mole G. kuma L. H. Treviranus bayyana cewa kayan lambu Tsarin wanda aka ba gano da salon salula tsarin, kafa ta Fusion na mutum Kwayoyin asali. Elementary tsarin acquires darajar da morphological kuma physiological bangaren, a cikin abin da m metabolism.

Microscopic haltta na dabba da aka rayayye yi karatu da makaranta da kuma makaranta Muller Purkinje. Mun gode wa aikin wata babbar adadin gaskiyane kayan da aka tattara.

Kai tsaye tsara cell ka'idar tsarin kwayoyin sun Schwann (Jamus dabbobi, bincike) a 1839. Saboda gaskiya cewa a cikin bincike dabbobi bisa ga ayyukan botanist Schleiden, da karshen an dauke su co-author of Schwann.

Cell ka'idar ne hakan na mahara data dogara ne a kan kwatankwacinsa na dabba da kayan lambu na farko Tsarin. An tabbatar da wannan inji na samuwar. Saboda haka, Schwann cell ka'idar characterizes cell a matsayin wani aikin da kuma tsarin tushen rai mai.

Daga bisani, bincike M. Badi amfani da wannan ilimi a cikin nazarin daga cikin sauki. K. Siebold kammala (a 1845) da matsayi daga cikin sauki guda-celled yanayi.

Cell ka'idar, duk da haka, an bita a cikin marigayi 19th karni. Virchow (Bajamushe masanin kimiyya) sa a gaba wani sabon jarrabawa. Bisa sabon data, ya ƙarasa da cewa wani cell da aka kafa kawai daga preexisting Kwayoyin. Virchow ma sa a gaba da jarrabawa na wani "salula jihar." A karkashin wannan zato, da kwayar kwayoyin hada da gwada da m naúrar, na da muhimmanci ayyuka a kusa dangane da juna.

Cell ka'idar nuna da morphological hadin kai na dukkan kwayoyin halitta. Wannan, bi da bi, da gudummawar da ci gaba da kuma bunqasar da ka'idar juyin halitta.

Modern cell ka'idar dogara ne a kan uku matsayi.

Kamar yadda na farko sabawa rubuce-rubucensu, da na farko tsarin da aka alaka da namun daji na duniya. A wasu kalmomin, wannan arziki ya furta cewa, ba tare da la'akari da tsari na rayuwa, tsarin, kwayoyin da aikin ci gaba ne tabbatar kawai ta cell.

A cewar wani matsayi na biyu, sabon na farko raka'a faruwa ne kawai a kan tushen da pre-data kasance division. A wannan yanayin, duk na Kwayoyin riƙe da wannan nazarin halittu bayanai, yi amfani da bayanin don gudanar da ayyuka a kan tushen furotin kira.

A cewar wani na uku wuri, naúrar tsarin yayi dace a kwayar kwayoyin, wanda aka halin tsanaki kungiyar da kuma mutunci.