Great kimiyyar lissafi da kuma su binciken

Physics - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci kimiyya da cewa na nazari akan mutum. Ta gaban shi ne m, a duk duniyoyin rayuwa, wani lokacin bude ko canza hanya na tarihi. Saboda haka, babban lissafin kimiyya ne don haka ban sha'awa da kuma m wa mutãne: aikinsu shi ne dacewa ko da bayan mutane da yawa ƙarni bayan mutuwar su. Abin da masana kimiyya ya kamata ka sani da farko?

Andre Marie Ampere-

Faransa likita, an haife shi a iyali na da wani m daga Lyons. iyaye Library da aka cika da ayyukan manyan masana kimiyya, da masana falsafa da marubuta da kuma. Tun suna yara, Andre m na karatu, wanda ya taimake shi, ya samun a-zurfin ilmi. Shekara goma sha biyu da yaron ya koyi kayan yau da kullum na mafi girma lissafi da wadannan shekara ya gabatar da aikin a Lyon Academy. Ba da da ewa, ya fara bada zaman kansa darussa, da kuma daga 1802-th aiki wani malamin kimiyyar lissafi da kuma sunadarai, na farko a Lyon sa'an nan a Ecole Polytechnique a Paris. Shekaru goma daga baya, ya kuma an zabe memba na Academy of Sciences. Sunayen mai girma lissafin kimiyya, sau da yawa hade da Concepts, da nazari, sun sadaukar da rayukansu da kuma amps ba togiya. Ya aikata da matsaloli na electrodynamics. Naúrar ƙarfi na lantarki halin yanzu auna a amperes. Bugu da kari, shi ya gabatar da yawa kimiyya sharuddan amfani a yau. Alal misali, wannan definition of "galvanometer", "awon karfin wuta", "lantarki" da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Robert Boyle

Mutane da yawa mai girma lissafin kimiyya gudanar da aikin a lokacin da fasaha da kuma kimiyya sun kusan a jariri, kuma duk da wannan, a cimma nasara. Alal misali, Robert Boyle, a 'yan qasar na Ireland. Ya aka tsunduma cikin wani iri-iri na zahiri da kuma sinadaran gwaje-gwajen, masu tasowa, da atomic ka'idar. A 1660, ya ya iya gano dokar canji na girma na gas dangane da matsa lamba. Mutane da yawa mai girma masana kimiyya na kimiyyar lissafi na lokacinsa yana da wani ra'ayin na kwayoyin halitta, kuma Boyle aka ba kawai natsu da su zama, amma kuma kafa wata lambar related matsalolin, kamar "abubuwa" ko "primary corpuscles." A 1663, ya ya iya ƙirƙira litmus, da kuma a 1680-m, ya fara kirkiro da hanyar da samun phosphorus daga ƙasũsuwa. Boyle ya memba na Royal Society of London, da kuma bar yawa kimiyya takardunku.

Niels Bohr

Sau da yawa mai girma lissafin kimiyya da gagarumin masana kimiyya a sauran filayen. Alal misali, Niels Bohr shi ma wani sunadarai. A memba na Royal Danish Society of Sciences da gubar masanin kimiyya na karni na ashirin, Niels Bohr aka haife shi a Copenhagen, inda ya kammala. Wasu lokaci hada kai tare da Birtaniya likita JJ Thomson da Rutherford. Kimiyya takardunku Bohr zama tushen ci gaban jimla ka'idar. Mutane da yawa mai girma lissafin kimiyya baya aiki a kwatance asali halitta da Nielsen, misali, a wasu yankunan na msar tambayar kimiyyar lissafi da kuma sunadarai. 'Yan mutane san, amma kuma yana da farko masanin kimiyya ne da aza harsashin ginin da lokaci-lokaci tsarin na abubuwa. A 1930-ies. Ya sanya yawa muhimmanci binciken a atomic ka'idar. Domin kyaututukan da ya samu aka bayar da Nobel Prize a kimiyyar lissafi.

max Haifi

Mutane da yawa daga cikin manyan lissafin kimiyya sun kasance daga Jamus. Alal misali, Max Haifi aka haife shi a Breslau, ɗan wani farfesa kuma pianist. Daga yara ya kasance m kimiyyar lissafi da kuma ilmin lissafi da kuma shigar da University of Göttingen yi nazarin su. A 1907 Max Haifi kare dissertation a kan kwanciyar hankali na roba jikinsu. Kamar sauran manyan kimiyyar lissafi na lokaci, kamar Niels Bohr, Max ya hada kai tare da Cambridge masana, wato tare da Thomson. Wahayi zuwa gare ta Haifi da Einstein ta ideas. Max ya yi karatu lu'ulu'u da kuma ci gaba da dama da hikimar tantance theories. Bugu da kari, Bourne Ya halitta a ilmin lissafi Dalili na jimla ka'idar. Kamar sauran lissafin kimiyya, yakin duniya na II anti-militarist Haifi tantama ba so, kuma a cikin shekaru na fadace-fadace ya yi hijira. Daga bisani, ya yi Allah wadai da ci gaban da makaman nukiliya. Domin duk kyaututukan da ya samu Maks Haifi karbi Nobel Prize, kuma aka ma yarda a da yawa kimiyya da kwalejojin.

Galileo Galilei

Wasu manyan kimiyyar lissafi da kuma su binciken alaka da yankin na ilmin taurari da na halitta kimiyya. Alal misali, Galileo, Italiyanci masanin kimiyya. Duk da yake karatu magani a Jami'ar Pisa, ya zama matsahi na saba da Aristotle ta kimiyyar lissafi, kuma ya fara karatun tsoho lissafi. Wahayi zuwa gare ta wadannan sciences, ya ragu daga da kuma fara rubuta "kananan kaya masu nauyi" - aiki ne da ya taimaka wajen sanin da taro na karfe gami da aka bayyana a cikin cibiyoyin nauyi na Figures. Galileo ya zama sananne daga cikin Italian lissafi da aikata wani wuri a sashen na Pisa. Bayan wani lokaci, da ya zama kotun Falsafa Medici shugaba. A aikinsa ya aka tsunduma a gudanar da bincike na ma'auni ka'idoji, kuzarin kawo cikas da kuma motsi na jikinsu fadowa, da kuma ƙarfi daga kayan. A 1609 ya gina na farko kawo nesa kusa, wanda ya bada uku-Musulunci karuwa, sa'an nan - da kuma tridtsatidvuhkratnym. Ya lura da aka ba bayani game da Lunar surface da kuma masu girma dabam na taurari. Galileo ya gano da watanni na Jupiter. Its bude sa a furor a cikin kimiyya filin. A babban likita Galileo da aka ba ma amince da Church, kuma wannan m hali a cikin al'umma. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da aiki, da cewa shi ne dalilin da denunciation ga Inquisition. Ya yi watsi da koyarwarsa. Amma duk da haka 'yan shekaru baya treatises a kan juyawa daga cikin Duniya a kusa da Sun cewa su ne bisa Copernican ideas aka buga: tare da wani bayani da cewa wannan shi ne kawai cikin jarrabawa. Saboda haka, mafi muhimmanci taimako na kimiyyar da aka ajiye domin jama'a.

Isaak Nyuton

Ƙirƙirãwa da faxin girma lissafin kimiyya sau da yawa zama irin misãli, amma labari game da apple da kuma dokar gravitation mafi shahara daga duk. Kowane alamar Isaak Nyuton, da gwarzo na labarin, bisa ga abin da ya gano dokar nauyi. Bugu da kari, da masanin kimiyyar ɓullo da wani na game da bambanci ilimin lissafi, shi ne kirkiro na nuna kawo nesa kusa da rubuta a yawan muhimman hakkokin ayyuka a kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta. Modern lissafin kimiyya yi imani da mahalicci da wani classic na kimiyya. Newton aka haife shi a wani matalauci iyali, ya yi karatu a cikin wani sauki makaranta, sa'an nan a Cambridge, a layi daya aiki bawa ya biya domin karatu. Tuni a farkon kwanaki je masa da ra'ayin cewa a nan gaba zai zama dalilin da sabuwar dabara na ilimin lissafi da tsarin da kuma bude dokokin nauyi. A 1669, ya zama wani malami a sashen, kuma a 1672-m - wani memba na Royal Society of London. mafi muhimmanci aikin taken "Principles" da aka buga a 1687. Domin da invaluable nasarori a 1705, Newton ya nobility.

Christiaan Huygens

Kamar sauran manyan mutane, lissafin kimiyya sun sau da yawa talented a fannoni daban daban. Alal misali, Christiaan Huygens, haife shi a The Hague. Mahaifinsa jami'in diflomasiyyar, harkokin kimiyya, kuma marubuci, dan samu wani kyakkyawan ilimi a cikin doka filin, amma zama sha'awar ilmin lissafi. Bugu da kari, Kiristoci yi magana da kyau kwarai Latin, san yadda za a yi rawa da tafi, taka leda music a kan lute da harpsichord. Kamar yadda wani yaro ya ya iya gina nasa lathe kuma yi aiki a kan ta. A cikin jami'a shekaru Huygens corresponded tare da manyan mukaman lissafi Mersenne, wanda ƙwarai rinjayi saurayin. Tuni a 1651 ya wallafa wani littafi a kan squaring cikin da'irar, ellipse, kuma hyperbola. Aikinsa ya yarda da shi don a sami suna a matsayin lissafi. Ya sa'an nan ya zama interested in kimiyyar lissafi da kuma rubuta littattafai da dama game da colliding jikinsu, wanda tsanani shafi gabatar da tsaransa. Bugu da kari, ya sanya bayar da gudunmawa ga kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, gina kawo nesa kusa, har ma ya rubuta wata takarda game da lissafi a wasa na samu damar hade da ka'idar yiwuwa. Duk wannan ya sa shi wani fitaccen adadi a tarihin kimiyya.

Dzheyms Maksvell

Great kimiyyar lissafi da kuma bude su cancanci duk ban sha'awa. Saboda haka, James akawu Maxwell ya samu m sakamakon da wanda kowa da kowa ya kamata karanta. Ya kasance wanda ya kafa ka'idar electrodynamics. The masanin kimiyya aka haifa a cikin wani daraja iyali da kuma aka yi karatu a jami'o'i na Edinburgh, kuma Cambridge. Domin kyaututukan da ya samu aka kwantar da Royal Society of London. Maxwell bude Cabendish Laboratory, wanda aka sanye take da latest fasahar domin gudanar da jiki gwaje-gwajen. A lokacin da Maxwell karatu electromagnetism, sanadin motsi ka'idar gas, da al'amurran da suka shafi na launi hangen nesa da kuma kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta. Nuna kanta a matsayin falakin: shi ne gano cewa zobba na Saturn barga kuma kunshi da ba barbashi. Har ila yau tsunduma a cikin binciken na kuzarin kawo cikas da kuma wutar lantarki, da tsanani tasiri a kan Faraday. M yankuna na da yawa jiki mamaki har yanzu dauke dacewa da kuma a bukatar a kimiyya al'umma, yin Maxwell daya daga cikin mafi girma da masana a cikin filin.

Albert Einstein

A nan gaba masanin kimiyyar da aka haife shi a Jamus. Tun suna yara, Einstein kaunace lissafi, falsafa, m na karanta rare kimiyya littattafai. Da samuwar Albert tafi zuwa ga Institute of Technology, inda ya yi karatu ya ƙaunataccen kimiyya. A 1902 ya zama memba na Patent Office. A tsawon shekaru a can ya buga da dama nasara takardunku. Da farko ayyukan alaka da thermodynamic da hulda tsakanin kwayoyin. A 1905, daya daga cikin ayyukan da aka yarda a matsayin sabawa rubuce-rubucensu, da kuma Einstein ya zama Doctor of Science. Albert mallakar yawa neman sauyi ideas game da samar da makamashi na electrons, yanayin haske da photoelectric sakamako. A mafi muhimmanci shi ne ka'idar dangantakar. Einstein ta gudanar da binciken sun canza kama da wakilci na bil'adama game da lokaci da kuma sarari. Babu shakka cancanta, ya aka bayar da kyautar Nobel, kuma aka gane a ko'ina cikin duniyar kimiyya.