Mene ne noosphere? Vernadsky ta rukunan noosphere

Rukunan da noosphere hadawa da yawa daga cikin paradigms alama da kadan a kowa tarbiyya: falsafa, tattalin arziki, binciken kasa. Mene ne na musamman game da wannan ra'ayi?

A labarin da kalmar

Wannan ne noosphere, da farko ya shaidawa duniya cikin wallafe Faransa lissafi Eduard Lerua a 1927. A kawai 'yan shekaru kafin ya halarci dama laccoci na fice Rasha masanin kimiyya Vladimira Ivanovicha Vernadskogo, a kan matsaloli a geochemistry (da biogeochemistry). Noosphere - musamman jihar na Muciya, a cikin abin da muhimmiyar rawa da aka buga da tunanin mutum. A mutum ta amfani da hankali, Halicci "na biyu yanayi" Baya ga data kasance daya.

Duk da haka, a lokaci guda shi ne da kanta a bangaren na halitta. Saboda haka, noosphere - shi ne har yanzu sakamakon juyin halitta faruwa bisa ga wadannan sarkar: da ci gaban da duniya - da biosphere - bayyanar wani mutum - da kuma, a karshe, fitowan na noosphere. A lokaci guda, Concepts na Vernadsky, da masu bincike sun ce, babu wani sarari amsar wannan tambaya: "The noosphere riga, ko za shi kawai ya bayyana?" Scientist a lokaci guda da shawarar cewa, a lokacin da shi ya zama wani adult jikanyar, tunanin mutum da kuma ta kerawa ne m fure kuma bayyana kansu sosai. Kuma shi yana iya zama wani fage, nuni ne na zargin noosphere.

Vernadsky ra'ayi

Vernadsky ta rukunan noosphere, kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka yi ĩmãni, shi ne saboda daidai da site na "juyin halitta" a lokacin da biosphere zama noosphere. Vladimir Ivanovich, a cikin littafinsa "Scientific Tunani a matsayin Planetary sabon abu," ya rubuta cewa gwamnatin rikon kwarya na biosphere cikin noosphere ne zai yiwu a lokacin da wannan tsari ne ya rinjayi kimiyya tunani.

Bugu da kari, da masu bincike lura, Vernadsky gano da dama da yanayi domin bayyanar da noosphere. Daga cikin su, misali, da cikakken shiri na mutane a duniya (kuma ba kawai kasance a cikin wannan yanayin, da sarari ga biosphere). Shi ne kuma kyautata na sadarwa da kuma bayanai musayar tsakanin mutane daga sassa daban daban na duniya (kuma wannan shi ne godiya ga Internet riga). Noosphere na iya faruwa a lokacin da Duniya ta fannin binciken kasa zai fi mayar dogara a kan mutum fiye da a kan yanayin.

Concept mabiya masana kimiyya

Masana kimiyya na bangarori daban-daban, da sanin koyarwar Vernadsky da mabiyansa cewa wani noosphere, halitta a 'yan Concepts, masu tasowa, da asali postulates na Rasha bincike. A cewar AD Ursula, misali, da noosphere - shi ne tsarin inda kyawawan dabi'u hankali hade da hankali, bil'adama za su bayyana kanta a cikin wani al'amari na fifiko. A noosphere da Ursula bil'adama zaune a cikin jituwa da yanayi, a cikin yanayin da hadin gwiwa hannu a cikin tsarin juyin halitta.

Idan rukunan da noosphere Vernadsky yakan haifar da fifiko ga bacewar na Muciya, sa'an nan, kamar yadda muka gani da zamani malaman, manufar yau mawallafa hada da ra'ayin cewa noosphere da Muciya, mafi m, zai ci gaba da zama a lokaci guda. Daya daga cikin yiwu sharudda ga gaban da noosphere - a cewar zamani malaman - iya zama a cimma iyaka da cigaban dan Adam, matsakaicin matakin na inganta zamantakewa da tattalin arziki cibiyoyin. Akwai wani wajibi daga cikin mafi girma da halin kirki da kuma al'adu dabi'u.

Communication noosphere da mutum

Man da kuma noosphere ake dangantawa mafi kai tsaye. Shi ne saboda ayyukan mutane da kuma mayar da hankali tunaninsa bayyana noosphere (Vernadsky ta rukunan ya ce shi ke game da shi). Akwai musamman epoch a ci gaba da binciken kasa na duniya. Man, samar da wani takamaiman yanayi domin kansu, shan kashi na biosphere ayyuka. Mutane maye gurbin wata halitta, wani abu da ya riga ya kasance a cikin yanayi, wucin gadi. Akwai wani yanayi inda muhimmiyar rawa aka buga da kayan.

Akwai shimfidar da kuma anfani da gudanar da mutane daban-daban na inji. Shin gaskiya ne cewa ya yi noosphere - Sphere da mutum ke tunani? A yawan masu bincike yi imani da cewa mutum ba ya aiki ko da yaushe ya dogara ne a kan fahimtar yadda duniya aiki. Mutane sukan yi aiki, gwaji, yin kuskure. Hankali, idan ka tsaya ga wannan ra'ayi, za ta iya zama wani factor a inganta fasahar kamar yadda irin wannan, amma ba sharadin ci tasiri a kan biosphere domin maida shi cikin noosphere.

Anthroposphere da Technosphere

A ka'idar da noosphere a cikin ayyukan da wasu masana kimiyya ne a hankali lauye da sauran kalmomin biyu. Na farko, shi ne. "Anthroposphere". A ra'ayi yana nufin da rawar da wuri daga cikin mutum, kazalika da ayyukan a sarari. Anthroposphere - wani tarin kasa duniyoyin rayuwa na duniya, domin ci gaba da abin da kawai mutum alhakin. Na biyu, shi ne "technosphere". Akwai biyu fassarori daga jigon da lokaci. Na farko shi ne cewa wannan sabon abu - wannan shi ne na musamman hali anthroposphere fassarar.

Technosphere - a sa na yankunan da mutum aiki, wanda aka hannu a cikin dabara. Yana iya zama kamar yadda duniya kanta ba, da kuma sarari. Kamar yadda na biyu fassarar Technosphere - shi ne rabo daga cikin Muciya, wanda dabam saboda da aiwatar da mutum hulda. Akwai, ba zato ba tsammani, wani rukuni na masana kimiyya suka gano technosphere da noosphere, kuma akwai masu bincike a fahimtar da Technosphere - tsaka-tsaki tsakanin biosphere da noosphere.

noosphere tunani

Tare da manufar "noosphere" shi ne wani lokaci a hade da wani irin tunani. Ya bayyana gwada da kwanan nan. Shi ne game da tunanin noosphere. An, a cewar wasu masu bincike, shi ne halin da dama musamman fasali. A mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu - a babban mataki na criticality. Next - da ciki saitin mutum ya inganta Muciya, halittar dũkiya, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da wannan. An muhimmin ɓangare na noosphere tunani - da fifiko na jama'a a kan masu zaman kansu (musamman a warware kimiyya matsaloli). Wannan sha'awar shirya sabon abu da kuma ba ta warware wani aiki. Wani bangaren na noosphere tunani - da so su fahimci ainihin na matakai cewa faruwa a yanayi da kuma al'umma.

noosphere ilimi

Daga cikin masana kimiyya akwai wani ra'ayi cewa ba kowane mutum ne predisposed zuwa tunanin a kan yanayin noosphere. A yawa na mutane da ba ta san abin da noosphere. Duk da haka, masu bincike yi imani, mutumin za a iya sanar da ma'adanin na ci gaban irin wannan tunani. Wannan ya kamata faruwa a cikin tsarin na abin da ake kira noosphere ilimi. The main mayar da hankali na horo ne da sanya a kan damar da mutum kwakwalwa.

Bisa ga theorists na noosphere ilimi, mutane dole ne koyi a ta da zargin wani m burinsu, nufin for jituwa da muhalli, da marmarin fahimtar haƙiƙa jigon da matakai faruwa a cikin al'umma. Idan m ɗammãni, a matsayin halitta na da wannan ra'ayi da aka yi ĩmãni ya kawo a cikin siyasa da kuma bayani na tattalin arziki matsaloli, bil'adama za su yi wata babbar mataki a gaba.

A ra'ayi na Teilhard de Chardin

A cikin rubutun "sabon abu na Man," Faransa masanin kimiyya Per Teyyar de Chardin ya sa a gaba da dama falsafa Concepts, shafi sabon abu na noosphere. Bayyana su a takaice kamar yadda zai yiwu: mutane ba kawai abu na ci gaba, amma ta engine. A cewar Concepts na masanin kimiyya, babban tushen da hankali - shi ne mai gani, a mutum ikon sani da kanta. Ka'idar Teilhard de Chardin da Vernadsky ta ra'ayi hadawa da jarrabawa na mutum bayyanar. Dukansu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa mutane ne na musamman da kuma daban-daban daga wasu halittu masu rai a kan filaye da kai-sani mutane. A babba bambanci tsakanin fahimtar noosphere bisa ga Teilhard de Chardin ne cewa shi aiki da irin wannan manufar 'magabacin mutumi "da" sarari. "

Lokacin da biosphere iya juya zuwa cikin noosphere

Rukunan da noosphere aka nasaba, tare da biosphere. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da miƙa mulki daga wanda Sphere da sauran iya faru a cikin wani musamman yanayin juyin halitta. Bisa ga sanannen definition na biosphere - shi ne mai tsarin da yake bayar da muhimmanci ayyuka na duniya. Yana zauna rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da ayyukan shafar yawa daga cikin daban-daban abubuwa da kuma sunadarai. A cikin shakka daga cikin halitta juyin halitta daga cikin biosphere shirya tushe don fitowan da wayewar dan adam ne, mutane sun samu don amfani da amfanin gona, ma'adinai.

A cikin shakka na ci gaba, bi da bi, wayewar dan adam ne, da suka yi tsiwirwirinsu da kayayyakin aiki, ta hanyar da ya samu damar zuwa tasiri a kan biosphere. Daga cikin masana kimiyya akwai wani version cewa yayin da wannan sakamako ya ba da muhimmanci - mutane da bukatun ba fiye da 1% na albarkatun da biosphere. Amma kara lambobin na tasowa imbalances: da biosphere ne a hankali rasa ikon samar da dukan zama dole mutum gaba daya. Mutane suna fuskantar tare da bukatar samun wani abu da zan iya ba a Muciya a kan nasu. Kuma a lokacin da adadin kai isar zai zama irin wannan cewa mutane za su gushe amfani da albarkatun da Muciya, to, a can za su kasance da noosphere.

Tamanin da koyarwar noosphere for kimiyya

Vernadsky ta rukunan noosphere ne ƙwarai da gaske ya shafa da hukunci da wayewa matakai a cikin bincike na daban-daban profiles. Sanin abin da noosphere (ko akalla kawo kaina don fahimtar wannan sabon abu), ta zamani, masana kimiyya ne a zubar da mai muhimmanci da kayan aiki da ba ka damar yi model na duniya a nan gaba. Wani abu kamar wannan zai iya Vernadsky zahiri hango ko hasashen da fitowan na Internet, da kuma wasu zamantakewa da tattalin arziki nasarori. A ra'ayi na noosphere na farkon karni na 20th, ba zamani masana kimiyya da mažalli don fahimtar juyin halitta. A farkon alamun kashedi na yiwu bayyanar da noosphere a duniya sun riga a cikin Paleolithic da Mesolithic. Tun daga nan, da mutum aiki hade da tasiri a kan Muciya, kawai ya karu. A karfi impetus ga canji na biosphere noosphere shi ne juyin juya halin masana'antu a cikin karni na 19th, a yau da kalla m factor ne Internet. Yana yiwuwa 'yan Adam da aka jiran mafi nagartaccen hanyar sadarwa da fasaha.