Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg: tarihi, description, gumaka

Daya daga cikin mafi girma a addini gine-gine na arewacin babban birnin kasar - da majestic Kazan Cathedral. Daga wurare a cibiyar bangarorin biyu na da baza fuka-fuki - ɗakin. Waje da babban coci da aka yi wa ado da Bas-reliefs, Ya sanya daga yellowish farar ƙasa. A yi sa wata babbar alama. Ciki da kuma na waje ado na cikin Haikali tana: 56 m ginshikan, wanda aka sanya na Finnish m dutse da kuma ado da gilt Corinthian manya, ƙirƙirar ji na sarari da kuma girma da.

Cathedral Building

Icon na Kazan Uwar Allah a baya da karni biyu, shi ne wani relic na Romanov daular. An farko kawo wa birni ta Peter I. A cikin farko da rabi na XVII karni a St. Petersburg aka gina Church of Albarka Virgin Mary (marubucin na aikin - M. Zemtsov, sanannen Rasha m). Yana yana kan sosai tabo inda ta m babban coci ne ayi a yau. A karshen karni, da coci da kuma m gine-gine da aka rushe, da barin wani babban yanki da ke tsakiyar birnin.

Samar da wani shiri

art gasar ga zane na sabuwar coci da aka sanar. Yana tsawon shekara uku (1797-1800 gg.). Kafin mahalarta ya kasance quite wani kalubale. Paul na nufin cewa sabon haikali yi kama da sanannen St. Bitrus Cathedral, located a Roma, aikin mai girma Michelangelo Buonarroti, da kuma sauran gine-ginen da Renaissance. Cathedral aka daure su yi ado da colonnade, kamar guda kamar yadda ko dab da Cathedral of St. Bitrus da m Giovanni Bernini. Yana da muhimmanci a rubuta wani sabon monumental gini a riga ado gine-gine da sarari.

A daidai da canons na Orthodox bagaden coci ya kamata a bude a gabas, da kuma babban facade - zuwa yamma, watau Meschanskuyu (yanzu Kazan) titi.

Daga farkon gasar da ta kawo babban gine-ginen halarci - P. Gonzaga, A. N. Voronihin, Cameron. A 1800, domin sa hannu a cikin gasar zo a cikin babban birnin kasar JF Thomon.

A farko Paul na amince da aikin na Charles Cameron. Duk da haka, godiya ga goyon bayan da Count A. S. Stroganova, wanda ya ta da alhakin yi aikin A. N. Voronihina da aka soma a watan Nuwamba 1800. Wannan bayani ne yadu da kuma na dogon lokaci tattauna a cikin al'umma. Musamman muhawarar sa Voronikhin asalin wanda ya kasance mai tsohon serf stroganoff. Maras tauyewa, ya samu a 1786.

haikali shrine

Kazan Cathedral shi ne babban shrine - banmamaki icon na Uwar Allah. A farkon da XVII karni, a lokacin gwagwarmaya da Swedish kuma Polish invaders, da icon ne ko da yaushe tare da mayakan sa kai na Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. Sai aka sa a cikin Moscow Terem Kazan Cathedral.

Bitrus I a 1710 umurce su da su kawo wa St. Petersburg tsoho maimaitawa na banmamaki image.

Lokacin da Voronikhin gina Cathedral na Kazan Icon, aikata nufin Sarkin sarakuna Paul na, ya yi amfani da wani samfur na samarwa kawai muradi semicircular colonnade, located a gaban haikalin ginin. Kuma sauran Rasha m ya halitta wani m tsarin, wanda daidai zuba a cikin shiri na Nevsky Prospekt.

95 babbar ginshikan delineate wani karamin yanki. A dama da hagu ƙare Colonnade m portals. Wannan shiri yana da wani qayyadadden dalili - shi maida hankali ne akan manyan jiki na coci.

Cikakken gini aikin da aka ba a aiwatar. Lokacin da aka gama gina Kazan Cathedral, da m miƙa wa gina ƙarin Voronikhin colonnade, wanda aka located a wajen gefen kudu na ginin. Ta yi maimaita arewacin takwaransa. Duk da haka, da shawara da aka ƙi.

description haikali

A gefe titunan Kazan, an yanke shawarar yin babban ƙofar Kazan Cathedral. St. Petersburg samu gaba daya musamman tsarin, wanda yake da gaskiya da girman kai na St. Petersburg, kuma tare da amfani da yawa baƙi da ziyartar birnin.

A cikin sharuddan Cathedral kama da siffar wani Latin giciye, sama ta tsakiya tsaye wata babbar Dome. A matsanancin shafi entablement, iyakoki, da kuma rufi pudostskogo reliefs aka sanya daga dutse. Wannan shi ne wani fairly m farar ƙasa, yana mai yellowish tint. Yana da aka mined kusa Petersburg.

Mutummutumai da sculptural kungiyoyin ado da dukan birnin na Saint Petersburg. Kazan Cathedral a cikin wannan ma'ana ba wani togiya. Ga sassaka da aka jaddada a waje zane. A attics portals (a kan gefen hanya) suna located Bas-reliefs. A gefen yamma - da aiki na IP Prokofiev, a gabas - da samfurin I. P. Martosa. Sama da bagaden ne sanannen Bas-taimako D. Rachette.

Arewa ƙofar aka yi wa ado da monumental kofofin da suke da ainihin kwafin na "Gates Aljanna" na Baptistery. Suna sanya na tagulla sculptor Italian Lorenzo Ghiberti.

A ko dai gefen ƙofofin, a musamman maharibai ne tagulla Figures Andreya Pervozvannogo da Ioanna Krestitelya, Vladimir daidaita da Manzanni, da kuma Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Bas "girmama da Magi", "The Gaske Shelar", "The girmama na makiyaya", "jirgin cikin Misira" suna located a arewacin portico.

A ciki ado

Kazan Cathedral (Saint Petersburg) shi ne mai arziki da kuma kauri ciki. Yana ji Rasha sikelin da kuma iko. A farko musamman iconostasis an halitta ta jawo A.Voronihina.

Da ɗan baya (1836) shi aka yi alatu kyauta, zuwa ga birnin. St. Petersburg, Kazan Cathedral samu wani sabon, incuse azurfa iconostasis aka sanya da m KA Sautin. Ya aka kame ta Don Cossacks a 1812 ta Faransa.

Mafi yawa daga cikin gumaka rubuta mafi kyau artists na farkon XIX karni - OA Kiprensky, VL Borovikovsky, F. A. Bruni, VK Shebuev GI Ugriumov, Bryullov da yawa wasu.

The darajar da haikalin

A shekarar 1811, ya aka tsarkake ta Kazan Cathedral. St. Petersburg ta dora muhimmanci kan memory da jarumi Rasha sojoji, wanda dama daga cikin Haikali, aka gudanar da wani m sabis, aka aika zuwa yakin duniya na II.

Daga cikin babban coci tafi umartarku da Rasha sojojin M. I. Kutuzov, amma a nan jikinsa da aka binne shi tare da karrama a 1813, a cikin crypt karkashin arches na Kazan Cathedral. Shekaru ashirin da hudu a kan square kafin babban coci da aka da wani abin tunawa ga mai girma kwamandan.

A Kazan Cathedral adana yawa kofuna na yakin duniya na II: Banners, ci sojojin, kãma da mabuɗan birane da kuma birãnensu.

Soviet zamanin

A halin yanzu ƙarni na wuya su yi tunanin cewa a cikin shekara ta 1929 da aka rufe ta Kazan Cathedral. St. Petersburg (sai Leningrad) ya fara wani aiki gwagwarmaya da "addini dope." Bayan shekaru uku a cikin wannan tarihi site gidaje da Museum of tarihin basu yarda. Invaluable icons babban coci da aka partially canjawa wuri Rasha gidan kayan gargajiya.

A mafi muhimmanci kuma mafi girmama haikali shrine - icon daga cikin Uwar Allah - da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga babban coci, wanda aka located a kan Petrograd gefe. Ciki a zahiri juya fitar da za a sace, shi aka mugun lalace a lokacin daban-daban renovations.

Cathedral a yau

A karshen karni na karshe, da Kazan Cathedral a St. Petersburg koma zuwa Diocese, kuma tare da shi cikin Haikali koma batattu matsayi. A farkon da XXI karni, da haikalin da kuma duk parishioners gaishe da banmamaki icon na Uwar Allah, wanda ya koma zuwa ga rightful wuri.