Kizhi hurumi. Karelia: jan hankali

Abin da Rasha da bã ya ji abin da Kizhi hurumi Kizhi? Hakika, da zarar akwai saba da yara jam'iyya: na musamman da gidan kayan gargajiya na baƙauye al'adu na Rasha Arewa, da hadaddun na asali Rasha log majami'u, wadda shãmakunta an gina ba tare da kusoshi. A musamman gine-gine da gungu na Church na XVIII karni, gina a tsibirin na itace, aka dauke dũkiyar Duniya Al'adu Heritage ta UNESCO sharudda. Yana dole ne a yarda cewa a Rasha babu inda kuma haka ya cigaba da gagarumin gine-gine, da ayyukan jama'a da katako gine (ko da yake har yanzu a cikin XIX karni da suka kasance quite yawa).

Characteristically, mutane talauci matsahi na saba da tarihi na Karelia, da sunan gidan kayan gargajiya, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana m. "Kuma inda ne da kalmar hurumi?" - ya tambaye wani saurayi, tare da sha'awa ya wadãtu da katako arched entrances, Ribbed log ganuwar, m scaly Dome. "Kuma ba cewa shi!" - amsa da cewa Zhvanetskogo. Wannan shi ne wani asali tsohon Rasha ji na zamanin d kalma. A Karelia a XIII - XV ƙarni, kamar yadda da zarar an kira a matsayin administrative cibiyar, spontaneously samo asali a kan da dama dubun ko ma daruruwan ƙauyukanta. Kuma shi ne wannan abun yayi dace da matsayi a matsayin cibiyar na Kizhi m Spassky Kizhi.

Bugu da ari, muka ambata a sama ra'ayi na farkon da tausayin da kuma canza ta da asali ma'anar. An "kafe" kamar yadda wani halayyar zuwa manyan kauyen (ba dole ba ne Gudanarwa cibiyar, amma tare da coci da kuma hurumi.) Shi ne kawai tun ƙarshen XVIII karni da ta zama m coci tare da wani hurumi na gaba da ita.

Kizhi - sabon abu na kasa, al'umma

Kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, Kizhi Pogost game da 130 sõyayya da kewaye ƙauyuka. Bugu da ƙari, da most of su - Velikaya Guba, Kosmozero, Sennaya Guba, Tipinitsy - da kuma a halin yanzu suna aiki ƙauyuka. Irin wannan tarihi kauyuka arziki a halin yanzu Karelia. Jan hankali na gida gine - musamman mutanen da gwaninta. Up zuwa XVIII karni a kan wannan duniya da aka yi a yanke shawara gina ba mulki hukumomi da al'umma, wani ɓangare na waɗanda suke da 'yan kasuwa - babban patrons. A mafi kyau sana'a da aka dauka domin gina haikalin domin su nuna amincewa ga kauyuka. Sun kasance sũ ne, kamar yadda mai mulkin, mutane "da ra'ayi na" da kuma sunan yi suna gina kamar yadda idan mawaƙa suna ta raira waƙa. Nufin ne kawai suka ba su yarda da juri, ko da wani simintin. A'a, su da wani tutu mafi muhimmanci: girmamawa ga mutane, da kuskure alama mafi cancanta. Wannan lokaci - mataki na "al'umma gine" - za ka iya kiran flowering na Rasha katako gine.

Rarrabe yanayin Karelia

Rarrabe shimfidar wurare da kuma m shimfidar wuri shahara Karelia. Tarik wannan yanki ne da aka sani. A gida yanayin da kira da kuma haquri lake-gandun daji. Taiga tsiro daga gida wuri mai duwatsu. Domain Karelia ne wasu daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a Turai tabkuna - Ladoga da wani yanki na 17 700 km Isa ² da kuma Onezhskoye (9900 m ^2).

Kasa da 70 kilomita daga babban birnin kasar, birnin Petrozavodsk, lapped da ruwa daga Lake Onega, shi ne tsibirin Kizhi (a cikin tsohon Rasha "Kizhi" na nufin "merrymaking".) A mafi kusa kauye a kan hanya zuwa ga gine-gine da kayan gargajiya, geographically game da Medvezhegorsk p-kyau, - kauye Velikaya Guba.

Barka da zuwa Kizhi!

Kowace rana, da gine-gine da kayan gargajiya na bude ga dukan waɗanda fata su ziyarce shi a lokacin rani daga takwas zuwa takwas, a cikin hunturu - daga 10 ⁰⁰ zuwa 16 ^00. Tarihi, tsibirin Kizhi za a iya kira mai sadaukarwa wuri, wanda aka yi amfani wajen aikawa hutu na Kirista ayyukan hajji. Akwai aka faruwa holidays manoma, sa'an nan ta shirya idi.

Tsibirin yanayin da jinsin Baya ga ayyukan hannuwan mutane ne, m baƙi intricacies na m tsibiran da blue gulfs tsakanin su. Idan muka yi amfani da zanen taswira sabis, za ka iya ganin: Kizhi a kan taswira na Rasha ba su da alaka da babban yankin da hanyoyi. Duk da haka, da tsibirin, godiya ga ruwa kai ne yadu samuwa. Daruruwan dubban Rasha da kuma kasashen waje yawon bude ido a kowace shekara ziyarar wannan ban mamaki yanki. Af, da tarihi da kuma gine-gine na Kizhi ne na farko bude-iska gidan kayan gargajiya, bude a kasar Rasha.

Idan ka yanke shawara a kan wata tashar jirgin-cruise daga St. Petersburg zuwa babban birnin kasar na zamanin d gine-gine, da tsibirin Kizhi katin za ka samu kyauta. Daga May zuwa Disamba, kuma a nan za ka iya samun zuwa "meteor" da "comets", departing daga Petrozavodsk zuwa Ruwa Station.

Navigation tsakanin yawon bude ido daga babba lebe (wanda za a iya isa da mota) wadata jiragen 'yan kasuwa. Burge guda vnenavigatsionny a lokacin da lokacin da lake aka daskarewa, amfani da su je gudun kan, da kuma m tafiya - kare sledding.

Rasha liyãfa

Isa a kan tsibirin, baƙi ne iya zabi daya daga uku da biyu-hour balaguro din. A farko - a kan babban gine-gine (kananan da'irar). A ra'ayin shi ne a duba na biyu Rasha da kuma Karelian jama'a katako gine (manyan da'irar). The uku ya gabatar da kauyuka na tsibirin. uku nuni dandamali "Pryazhinskoye Karelia", "Rasha Zaonezhye", "Rasha Pudozh" shirya a cikin gida kauyuka. A tarihi kauyuka na Fossa da Vasilyevo ma su mallaki musamman gine-gine ginen.

Administration na gidan kayan gargajiya ma shirya da yawa ƙarin review, m, thematic Tours ga baƙi daga duk Kizhi. Architecture, ba shakka, shi ne babban janye ga gida yawon bude ido, da kuma ba kawai Rasha, amma kuma daga kasashen waje. Ba zato ba tsammani, da tsoho addini gine-gine na tsibirin, suka fara da 50-ies karni na karshe, kuma ru mayar da kerata log gine-gine zama dole ga housekeeping. Saboda haka, ban da babban nuni, baƙi za su iya ganin yanayin da wannan ya faru a tsibirin na ruhaniya da kuma tattalin arziki rayuwa na manoma. Ga mai zurfi nutse a cikin rãyuwar Rasha kauyen XVII - XVIII ƙarni, da gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye gwamnati ta shirya "kwãnukan crafts, jama'a fun da wasanni" abubuwa almara da kuma ethnographic gidan wasan kwaikwayo, handicrafts adalci, kuma a karshen lokacin rani farawa Kizhi regatta.

Mutane ta katako gine - gãdon Karelia

Kizhi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a Rasha gine-gine da kiyayewa yankunan, shi ne matukar alfahari da Karelia. Tarik Rasha jama'a gine na wannan yankin, duk da haka, ba m kawai ta ce daukan hotuna. a nan su ma wakilci a tsibirin Lake Ladoga (Valaam sufi). Ya sau daya ziyarci da Rasha sarakuna. Akwai ziyarci Alexander Dumas. Mutane da yawa daga cikin manyan Rasha artists (Vasiliev, Kuinzhi Shishkin), kasida da marubuta (Tiutchev, Leskov, Shmelev) samo wahayi a nan. A takaice, Karelia taswirar da gani (da ba kawai gine - akwai kuma yanayi reserves da kasa Parks) zai taimaka da yawon bude ido da za a zabi su ban sha'awa shirin.

majami'u gungu

Amma baya ga babban batu na wannan labarin. The musamman da suka bambanta Kizhi ne m da duniya kawai da yawa-domed Transfiguration Church, gina gargajiya hanya domin Rasha - ba tare da wata guda ƙusa. Baicin ta yin ayyuka a cikin hunturu (arewa bayan duk) ne wani mnogokupolny Haikalin, mai tsanani, - Church na Ceto na Virgin. The uku mafi muhimmanci gini na m gungu ne belfry Kizhi. Around wadannan uku abubuwa na Rasha jama'a gine yanzu mayar da shinge, amma ba sanya daga rajistan ayyukan, kamar yadda aka asali, da kuma na boulders.

Tarihi high iko shinge ne mai muhimmanci requisite na kan iyaka da Sweden Rasha hurumi. A guda tsarin da sama gine-gine ne da sauran matsara hasumiyai - chapels na tsibirin Kizhi, dake a wurin hutawa wurare da suke kewaye da tsibirin taimako.

Legend da m Nestor

A labarin game da wannan ban mamaki Lacy gine na itace har yanzu so su fara tare da wani labari. Bayan Kizhi Pogost - a ƙasar Legends, daya daga wanda ya gabatar da mu zuwa ga wani namiji daga ƙwarai iyawa, don ƙirƙirar wani real mutum da aka yi mu'ujiza - mai ban mamaki 22-domed coci. Muna da tsoho magina da kafa ta ba, ko da "mai daraja iyali itatuwa", babu jihar da matsayi. Sawa zurfi a cikin ƙarni kuma su tarihin rayuwa da kuma sunayen. Amma da sunan m Rasha master Nestor har yanzu suke dashi.

Bisa ga sanannen labari, ya gano wuri domin gina Church of Transfiguration, kyalewa za'ayi ta hanyar shi ya umurci da ƙasa a tsakiyar thickets na Juniper. Ga prolamyvayas ta hanyar thickets (a cikin m hanyoyi kerawa), bypassing da Kizhi hurumi, ya gano mai tsarki littafi, karanta ne da za'ayi dare da rana.

A haskoki na mafitar rãnã master, neman up daga littafin shafukan a tsakiyar droplets na raɓa a cikin ciyawa hoto gan nan gaba na coci ... sa'an nan ya sanar da matsayin snapped: "Building zai zama a nan!"

Lokacin da mu'ujiza-coci da aka gina daga musamman shirye allon daga Pine, spruce, Aspen, ba tare da yin amfani da kusoshi, ganin darajarsa Nestor sanya wani m yi, kamar yadda idan jawo wani layin samu kwarewa. A kan Hauwa'u na da keɓewarsa ta 'ya'yansu haura zuwa Dome da aminci tsarkake gatari, duba Kizhi hurumi, daura a kan giciye mulufi kintinkiri. Sa'an nan ya jefa da gatari a cikin tafkin da kuma furta cewa Church of Transfiguration - mafi kyau haikali a duniya, da kuma kamar shi ba zai faru ba. A nan gaba, da m mafi Ibada ba gina, duk da yawa buƙatun. Saboda haka ya yanke shawarar - ya tsere daga cikin aikin a wata sosai high rubutu. Shin, ba shi ya kamata zo gaskiya Jagora?

coci na Transfiguration

Wannan 37-mita Haikalin, kafa a 1714, an classified a matsayin wani bene octagonal coci. Yana da aka gina don maye gurbin katako coci riga, ya ƙone ta walƙiya. Filaye na ginin ne "octagon" - takwas-gefe log gini da hudu rami, ya nuna a duk inda. A saman ƙananan "octagon" sa biyu more, amma karami a diamita. Ƙananan frame aka located a kan m kafuwar - dutse Zabirko. Waje sasanninta aka yanke "a oblo" ciki - "dungu" na Pine. Plowshares da "ganga" Dome na shugabannin an sanya na Aspen. Duk da wannan - da gida itace nau'in girma a tsibirin Kizhi. Karelia ne ma kyau musamman iconography "Northern Haruffa". A wannan dabara, biyu daga cikin farko icons Preobrazhenskaya Church ( "Cover" da "Transformation», XVII shekaru) wanda farko ado bagaden, located a gabashin yanke ta hanyar da ciwon siffar wani Pentagon. Ya - The hudu-ɗari da qawata da biyu gumaka.

A refectory na wani log gidan ne m ga babban ginin. Yanke a cikin rufi da octagons ado da ashirin da biyu surori. A shaci na wannan gini saba wa kowane dan kasa na Jamhuriyar Karelia. Kizhi Island ne a zahiri spiritualized wannan coci, shi ne daidai da kyau daga dukkan bangarorin.

Church na Ceto na Virgin hunturu

Wannan shi ne gina haikalin a kan wani rabin karni daga baya, bi kwat da wando ga Transfiguration Church - a 1764. A ra'ayin ta yi - ci gaba da Orthodox sabis sake zagayowar a kan hunturu kakar (coci heatable). Its gini da aka gina da m gine-ginen a matsayin halitta tsawo na gine bazara coci. Ta mnogokupolna takwas na ta surori suna located a kusa da tara, babban. Duk da haka, a duk da siffan an ji cewa coci - wani gine-gine da tunani na Transfiguration. Its quite dabara abubuwa shi ne kawai na biyu ya jaddada da bambancinsa da rinjaye gine-gine.

Wannan coci a Kizhi tsibirin gina a cikin wani karin hadin kuma sauki kayan ado. Yana qawatawa watakila kawai gables bel da ciwon toothed tsarin.

Ƙofar Haikali gargajiyance located a gefen yamma, bi da bi, da bagaden - zuwa gabas. Suna kunshe a cikin ta farko nassi, sa'an nan a cikin refectory. Manufar wannan dakin ne mai raba wuri domin mundane tattaunawar taron latsa tattalin arziki da kuma sauran al'amura, za a iya rufe wani gagarumin yawan mutane. Ga akwai juri gwaji, echoed sarki ya umarta. Wannan ake bi, a gaskiya, dakin kansa a Haikali, sadaukar domin cika salla sabis - a ɗakin sujada. Yana - mafi fili da kuma na ɗaki, ta girma da aka kafa ta firam, da alaka bisa ga makirci kasa - "mudu uku", a saman - "octagon". Yana sanye take da tyablovym iconostasis. Bagaden sanye take a matsayin na hudu mafi m dakin. Yana da wani pentagonal frame, a lokacin da tsawo na wanda aka gina elongated tsarin - ganga, da kawo tara shugaban Church na Ceto na Virgin. Duk da windows da haikalin akwai: a zauren da bagaden - biyu. a cikin ɗakin sujada, kuma refectory - hudu (ga halitta lighting). A ciki na ta-ado propyl thread, da tsakiyar kashi na wanda - Orthodox giciye.

belfry

The gine-gine da gungu na Kizhi aka daidaituwa complemented wata da kuma na uku gini - hipped kararrawa hasumiya. Tuki shi ne na gargajiya domin gina da katako gine: kasa "mudu uku" top "octagon". Uku tiers (ta zoba) raba da ta ciki tsari. "Chetverik" yanka ta arewa da kuma kudu entrances, kowane sanye take da wani shirayi. Daga gabas da yamma, akwai arched psevdoportaly, maimaita nau'i na riko. Ƙananan bene, "mudu uku", da aka raba cikin nassi, pyatimarshevuyu bene da kabad. Sama da "octagon" ne kararrawa hasumiya, ciki wanda - 9 ginshiƙai. Ginin da aka lashe tare da wani cupola Ploughshare Orthodox giciye a saman.

yanzu sabuntawa

Kizhi hurumi yanzu jurewa sabuntawa, sadaukar da tercentenary na Transfiguration Church, bikin a 2014. By wannan lokaci shi da za'ayi game da 70% na aikin. End shi ne ya shirya a 3-4 shekaru. Fuskantad da gine-gine cibiyar "Zaonezhie" samar da aikin damban ne Vitaly Skopin. Tare da wannan kamfanin ma ma'aikata kafinta Center gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma St. Petersburg kamfanin "ALEKON". A bara, da UNESCO hukumar, ya isa a site daga cikin ayyukan da kuma yabo da quality, cancanta da shi a matsayin kasa da kasa da cewa wahayi zuwa gare ma'aikata.

A baya can cikin coci aka karfafa ta a karfe frame. Abin da, a gaskiya, tsira da shi daga hallaka. Da farko, da magina suka ƙarfafa harsashin da kuma ƙananan zone, babbar, domin su matakin ne refectory. A halin yanzu, aikin yana da za'ayi a kan hudu da na biyar matakan. Magina yiwu ta riƙe tarihi rajistan ayyukan, ya maye gurbin wani sabon m a sakamakon lalata ko yashewa. Akwai kawai 35%, wanda ke nufin cewa a mayar da Church of Transfiguration a kan 65% zai kunshi tarihi itace.

ƙarshe

A zamanin d cibiyar na Spassky Kizhi, located a kan wani fairly m Kizhi tsibirin, yanzu za ta hanyar zamani na Tarurrukan. A dalilin wannan ne girma fadakar da jama'a akan muhimmancin tsare da cin gaba na tarihi al'adunmu, a karshen, ya asalinsu.

Yadda za a ƙirƙiri Zaonezhye ibada, dabi'un mutane da suka zauna da shi? Hakika, a layi tare da m wayewa factor, wanda daga baya aka kira da babbar Pushkin laconically - "Rasha ruhu".
Shi ya haifar da musamman Take-kashe na jama'a art, wanda ya nuna gine-gine da Monuments na katako, gine-gine, ado tsibirin Kizhi (photo a haɗe).