Kudancin Jojiya da Kudancin Sandwich Islands. Atlantic teku

A kudancin batu na cikin tekun Atlantic da ban mamaki yankunan volcanic asalin ƙasar: Kudancin Jojiya da kuma Sandwich tarin tsiburai. Abin da muka sani game da su? Ta yaya wadannan sunayen sun tafi, discoverer wanda kuma abin da suka kasance ƙwarai? Bari mu dauki wani kusa look at wannan yanki na Atlantic.

Kudancin Jojiya: description da kuma sauyin yanayi

Kudancin Jojiya, da kuma George - tsibirin-kamar aljanna domin penguins da like, kazalika da tarin tsiburai na wannan sunan, wanda aka hada da 9 tsibiran da kankara 4. A nan ne babbar mazauna waɗannan dabbobi ne. Tsibirin ne fiye da 3500 km ^2, da kuma mafi yawan an rufe ta tundra mosses da lichens. Harsh yanayin damina ba da damar alfahari kyau na halitta shimfidar.

A nan ne na kowa Oceanic fadamun rufe da lafiya ciyawa, da kuma tundra, babu itatuwa da kuma shrubs. Ɓangare na tsibirin a tsawon 300 mita saman teku matakin, ya rufe tare da glaciers kuma madawwami kankara. Kanta da wannan ƙasa ba sosai m da mutane. Rocks, garin kankara iska da kuma m hadari yanayin da snow ko lafiya yayyafi wanda enticing da kuma lalle ba su da rayuwa a kan wannan tsibirin. Saboda haka, yana gida kawai game da mutane 30. A teku ba daskare a kan, kawai rufaffiyar bay ga wani lokaci a rahama daga cikin kankara.

Kudancin Sandwich Islands: Description

Menene wannan yanayin fasalin? Idan ka kula zuwa cikin tekun Atlantic a kan duniya map, wannan tarin tsiburai aka located a kudancin mafi ɓangare na shi, a nesa na 570 km daga Georgia. By yankin, shi ne kananan tarin tsiburai a cikin teku (a total of 310 km ^2), kunsha na 13 kananan filaye. Warwatse baka na volcanic tsibirin ne inda ba wanda yake zaune kankara. Duk da haka, shi ne ba inda ba wanda yake zaune. Wannan kusurwa na duniya da sanaki fauna saba da matsananci subarctic yanayi. Amma ga mutane, da Sandwich Islands ne ban sha'awa mafi yawa kawai don ilmin halitta. Gaskiyar cewa a nan zaune most yawan albatross a duniya. Har ila yau, wadannan m gaba zaba like, sarki penguins da sauran mazaunan subarctic sauyin yanayi.

The most tsibirin na tarin tsiburai - Montagu - sani na da aiki volcanoes. Last shigowa faru a 2008. By zato, da Sandwich Islands ne wani tsawo na Andes, located in South America. Waɗannan ƙasashe suna ziyarci kawai ta Arctic balaguro. A ra'ayi na kusanci da sanyi igiyoyin subantarctic tarin tsiburai na icebound daga May har farkon watan Disamba.

Tarihi na samu

Kamar yadda zato, tsibirin na Kudancin Jojiya da aka bude a 1675, a madadin m Entoni De la Roche. Ya shiga jirgin ruwa daga Chile zuwa Brazil da kuma hanya a iskar tsakuwa a wadda ta fitar da shi zuwa gabas. The tawagar ya iya fakewa a cikin bay na wani ba a sani ba tsibirin, zama haka ne da majagaba. wani yanki na ƙasar da aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa Roche. Kawai 100 shekaru daga baya, a 1775, a lokacin da na biyu tafiya zuwa wannan yanki na ƙasar zo sanannen Dzheyms Kuk. Shi ya bayyana a tsibirin da kuma buga shi a kan taswira. Bugu da ari, wadannan Birtaniya dokokin, Explorer ayyana shi a Birtaniya, kuma ya ba shi da sunan da girmama na King George.

Sa'an nan Dzheyms Kuk bincika da kuma Sandwich Islands, bude wani yawan kananan tsibiran da ambace su da su cikin Duniya Sandwich, amma a mafi cikakken bayanin su bayyana a cikin 1819. Sa'an nan balaguro Lazarev - Bellingshausen bude 6 more kananan yankunan na ƙasar. Tun cikin tekun Atlantic a kan duniya map kara wani tarin tsiburai. Canja da matsayi faru a farkon karni na 20th. Birtaniya da aka mallakar Sandwich Islands tun 1908.

bayan bude

Saboda haka, sabon ƙasashe bayyana a cikin kadara, da kuma abin da ya yi tare da su - shi ne ba a sani ba. Saboda da matsananci yanayi na sabon bincike rayuwa a tsibirin ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Kusanci Antarctic nuna da yanayi: da yawan zafin jiki a can ba ya tashi sama 5 digiri a lokacin rani da kuma hunturu a ba ya fada a kasa 2 digiri Celsius. Kuma duk zai yi, amma m sanyi iskõki da kuma hadari weather aka ji ƙananan digiri -10. Tserewa zuwa tsibirin na babu inda, don haka mutane suka shiga jirgin ruwa a nan kawai saboda farauta like da kuma teku zakuna.

Amma da yawa ya canza a lokacin da ta fara whaling. Whaling jiragen ruwa a search na ganima swam zuwa sosai kudu na Atlantic, kuma tun shekara ta 1904 a tsibirin Kudu Georgia ƙauyuka fara bayyana. Founder na farko shiri Grytviken ya Norwegian da Burtaniya kasa Carl Larsen.

fara whaling

Tun shekara ta 1904, a George tsibirin ya bayyana bakwai kama kifi masana'antu. Duk da matsananci yanayi, da whalers sun wadãta, kuma a nan duk lokacin da akwai game da mutane 1,000. A Grytviken aka located Hukumar Mulki na Argentine kama kifi kamfanin. Dukan su da aka sanya a cikin wani tattarã bay a arewacin tekun na tsibirin.

Mun yi aiki a cikin wannan kamfanin yafi Norwegians. Leases whalers ya ba da Turanci gwamna. Duk da cewa Ingila da aka kafa a 1909, a kusa da whaling tushe na Grytviken management cibiyar - King Edward Point, archipelagos mulki gwamnan Falkland Islands.

War ga ƙasa

Argentina ta taba gane da hakkin ya mallaki Birtaniya daga Kudancin Jojiya ta Kudu Sandwich Islands. Suke siffantawa ta gabatar, tun shekara ta 1938. Wasu lokaci a tsakiyar 50s, Argentina ya da tushe shekara Tenniente-ESQUIVEL a Gulf na Ferguson Bay a tsibirin Thule, located a kudancin ɓangare na Sandwich Islands. Kuma lokacin da na fara a shekarar 1976, da kuma ta 1982 a can aka located tushe na sojan ruwa "Corbett Uruguay." Birtaniya sun sane gaban Argentina a kan ta kasashen waje ƙasa, amma soja da hanyoyin kawar da shi bai kai.

Yana faru Maris 19, 1982. Sai rukuni na Argentina, inda kodayaushe kamar yadda ya da dillalai, ya ɗauki watsi whaling tushe a cikin Gulf of Leith Harbor a kan ta Kudu Georgia. A 3 Afrilu kutsa da kuma shagaltar da Grytviken.

Birtaniya sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa kõma Island Afrilu 25, 1982. A cikin shakka daga ayyukan soji 13,000 Birtaniya sojoji da kuma 20,000 na Argentina sun shiga. A faduwa a yakin da ya kai ga wani canji na gwamnati a Argentina da kuma Birtaniya da gudummawar da nasarar da girma da kishin kasa. Daya marubuci ya yi magana game da yaki: "The jayayya biyu m saboda wani tsefe." Kuma shi ne ainihin wani m yaki, a cikin abin da suka kashe mutane. Har shekara ta 2001, akwai wani karamin soja sojojin bisa King Edward Point. A wannan lokaci, da tushe zo a cikin zubar da Birtaniya Antarctic Survey.

tsibiran a yau

Don kwanan wata, wadannan volcanic tsibirin ne na sha'awa ga mafi mataki na kimiyya expeditions. Suna gudanar a lokacin rani meteorological nazarin da lura an sanya na musamman mazauna tsuntsaye. A tsibirin Kudancin Jojiya da aka samu kawai warbler a Antarctica - babban doki. Har ila yau, da yawa albatrosses zauna a nan, petrels, cormorants, gulls da terns, za ka iya sha'awan da beauties, penguins da kuma babbar rookeries na walruses kuma like.

Saboda volcanic aiki a cikin Sandwich Islands, wanda aka lura tun da samu, da rayukan mutane a yankin ƙasarsu shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu. Amma a nan akai-akai sanya Antarctic balaguro. Ga wasu lokaci Ingila ya shirya da ci gaban yawon shakatawa kasuwanci a cikin tsibiran, amma shi ne tsada sosai tafiya.

gani

Yau a tsibirin Kudu Georgia, Grytviken a cikin kauye, a gidan kayan gargajiya, inda za ka iya samun matsahi na saba da tarihi na tarin tsiburai. Wasu lokaci da suka wuce, mun fara sake gina rafke whaling tushe na gida jan hankali. Har ila yau a tsibirin ake binne shahara iyakacin duniya Explorer Ernest Shekelton da mataimakansa Frenk Uald. Duk da haka main janye daga wadannan m archipelagos ne mazauna na penguins da marine dabbobi masu shayarwa. Kuma kusa da Sandwich Islands, za ka iya duba da m Refayawa - Whale. Ga su ne - mafi muni, wãtau na Atlantic tsibiran.