Mene ne wani hydrophobic abu?

Wasu mutane ne m, a makaranta sunadarai darussa a kan ba kawai] in rubuta iko da kuma lissafi da matauni taro ko nuna valence, amma kuma a dubi yadda malamin gudanar da gwaje-gwajen. Ko da yaushe a cikin tsarin na gwaji kamar yadda idan sihiri ruwa a cikin shambura ne unpredictable canji launi, ko wani abu zai iya fashewa kõ, ku ƙõnã da kyau. Watakila ba a matsayin m, amma har yanzu ban sha'awa kwarewa, wanda amfani da hydrophilic da hydrophobic abubuwa. Af, abin da yake da shi da kuma abin da suka kasance m?

jiki Properties

A sunadarai aji, wucewa gaba kashi na lokaci-lokaci tebur, kazalika da dukan ainihin abubuwa, Ni tabbata akwai wani magana game da halaye daban-daban. Ciki har da shafar su jiki Properties: yawa, tara jihar a karkashin al'ada yanayi, da narkewa da kuma tafasar batu, taurin, launi, lantarki watsin, thermal watsin, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. Wani lokaci na aikata da halaye kamar hydrophobicity ko hydrophilicity, amma dabam, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ba ya ce. A halin yanzu, shi ne quite mai ban sha'awa kungiyar na abubuwa da za a iya ci karo da a rayuwar yau da kullum. Saboda haka yana da amfani don ƙarin koyo game da su.

hydrophobe

Misalai za a iya dauka daga rayuwa. Saboda haka, ba za ka iya gauraya ruwa da man - shi ne sananne ga dukan. Yana kawai ba ta soke, amma ya zauna iyo kumfa ko fim a kan surface, saboda ta yawa ne m. Amma me ya sa kuma abin da su ne mafi hydrophobic abubuwa?

Yawanci wannan kungiya sun hada da fats, wasu sunadarai da nucleic acid, kazalika da silicones. Abu sunan zo daga Girkanci kalmomi hydor - ruwa da kuma phobos - tsoro, amma shi ba ya nufin cewa kwayoyin ne ji tsoro. Kawai, su ne 'yan ko insoluble, aka kira su ba iyakacin duniya. Cikakkar hydrophobicity ba ya faru, har ma da wadanda abubuwa da alama bai amsa tare da ruwa, har yanzu sha shi, ko da yake a alamarsu yawa. A yi, lamba na irin wannan abu tare da H ₂ Ya bayyana kamar yadda wani fim ko droplets, ko ruwa ya zauna a farfajiya da kuma daukan wani nau'i na ball, tun yana da karami surface yankin da kuma samar da kadan lamba.

Hydrophobic Properties an bayyana ta da sinadaran tsarin na daban-daban abubuwa. Wannan ake dangantawa da low janye zuwa ruwa kwayoyin, kamar yadda ya faru, misali, hydrocarbons.

hydrophilic abubuwa

Sunan wannan kungiya, kamar yadda za mu iya samun sauƙin tsammani, kuma, ya zo daga Girkanci kalmomi. Amma a wannan yanayin, kashi na biyu na philia - soyayya, kuma shi ke daidai characterizes dangantaka daga cikin wadannan abubuwa da ruwa - cikakken "fahimtar" da kuma mai girma solubility. A wannan kungiyar, wani lokacin ake kira "iyakacin duniya" hada da sauki alcohols, sugars, amino acid da kuma sauransu. D. Haka kuma, suka mallaki wadannan halaye domin suna da high makamashi janye zuwa ruwa kwayoyin. Tsananin magana, a gaskiya, duk abubuwa ne hydrophilic zuwa mafi girma ko karami har.

amphiphilic

Kuma shi ne zai yiwu cewa hydrophobic abu iya da biyu hydrophilic da kaddarorin? Sai dai itace, a! Wannan rukuni na abubuwa kira diphilic ko amphiphilic. Sai dai itace cewa daya da kuma guda kwayoyin iya samun a cikin tsarin kamar yadda narkewa - iyakacin duniya da kuma ruwa-m - nonpolar abubuwa. Irin wannan Properties ne, misali, mallaka wani sunadarai, lipids, surfactants, polymers, da kuma peptides. A lamba tare da ruwa da suka samar da daban-daban supramolecular Tsarin: monolayers, liposomes, micelles, bilayer membranes, vesicles, da dai sauransu A iyakacin duniya kungiyoyin a cikin wannan hali suna daidaitacce zuwa cikin ruwa ...

Ma'anar da aikace-aikace a cikin rayuwar

Bugu da kari ga hulda da ruwa da man fetur, za a iya samu da yawa daga shaida cewa hydrophobic abubuwa an same kusan ko'ina. Saboda haka, tsabta surface na karafa, semiconductors, da kuma dabbobi fata, foliage shuke-shuke, chitin murfin da kwari da irin wannan Properties.

A yanayi, da iri mahadi da muhimmanci. Saboda haka, hydrophiles amfani da su safarar gina jiki a cikin dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke, da karshen kayayyakin da metabolism ana ma nuna tare da wani bayani na nazarin halittu ruwaye. Non-iyakacin duniya abubuwa ba da babbar muhimmancin a cikin samuwar cell membranes da zabe permeability. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wadannan kaddarorin taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nazarin halittu tafiyar matakai.

A cikin 'yan shekaru, masana kimiyya suna tasowa sabon hydrophobic kayan da wanda za ka iya kare wani iri-iri na kayan daga wetting da kuma samu, ta haka ne samar da ko da kai-tsaftacewa saman. Tufafi, karfe kayayyakin, yi kayan, mota gilashi - da yawa aikace-aikace. Ara nazarin wannan batu zai kai ga ci gaban da multifobnyh abubuwa, wanda zai zama tushen ga datti-m saman. Ta ƙirƙirar irin kayan da, mutane za su iya ajiye lokaci, kudi da kuma albarkatun, da kuma za su iya rage gurbacewar muhalli cleaners. Saboda haka cewa kara ci gaba da za su amfana da duk.