Angiosperms - Department Flora. Janar halaye da kuma muhimmancin

Lissafa duk angiosperms, watakila, shi ne kawai zai yiwu ba. Na'am, kuma suna da nau'in halitta ne mafi muhimmanci a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar mutum zai zama da wuya. Bayan duk, wadannan shuke-shuke sun dogon tsiwirwirinsu m muhimmancin, da wakilainsu da aka sani da edible, fasaha, ornamental da forage amfanin gona. Mene ne alamun ya Pokrytosemennye sashen? Janar halaye da kuma muhimmancin wadannan shuke-shuke da za a tattauna a cikin labarin. Bari mu fara.

Biology: Angiosperms sashen

All iri shuke-shuke da yawan tsarin fasali da cewa ta sa ta yanke hukuncin a kan ƙasa. Dukan su bayyana a cikin juyin halitta daga kwayoyin kamar yadda sakamakon karbuwa ga canza muhalli da yanayi. Sashen Angiosperms, bisa ga taxonomy, yana da fiye da ɗari biyu da dubu hamsin na dubban nau'in a cikin wani da aka ba lokacin. Duk da yake su magabata - Gymnosperms sashen - kawai takwas.

Key fasali na sashen na angiosperms:

- kasancewar wani flower.

- samuwar da tayin.

- ci gaban da tayi a ciki da iri jam;

- biyu hadi.

- kasancewar wani iri kewaye da pericarp.

Dauka tare, wadannan siffofin da kuma sanin da abũbuwan amfãni, godiya ga wanda wakilan da Sashen Angiosperms iya yada a fadin duniya, tun ƙware da yanayi daban-daban climatic zones da kuma mota.

Gymnosperms da angiosperms: kamance da kuma bambance-bambance

Amma baya ga kayan yau da kullum. All iri shuke-shuke suna hade a cikin biyu sassan: Golo - da kuma angiosperms. Kofe na farko taxonomic kungiyar yafi wakilta Softwoods aji. Wadannan su ne tsire-tsire da predominance na woody rayuwa form, tare da famfo tushen tsarin. Foliage ne wakilta bakin ciki ganye - needles. Godiya a gare su, kuma don gaban guduro ducts, wanda hana wuce kima danshin tsari, wadannan tsire-tsire zama Evergreen cikin yanayi. Amma babban alama ce ta wannan katin ne rashin furanni, ya kuma inganta 'ya'yan itacen. A tsaba suke located a kan mazugi Sikeli bude, suka ba su kariya ta hanyar wani abu. Saboda haka, da alama cewa za su germinate, ba haka ba ne mai girma, saboda gina jiki ba su isa.

Angiosperms sashen hadawa shuke-shuke da flower aka kafa, da kuma daidai da, da kuma 'ya'yan itace. Ciki da wannan generative Gabar tsaba suna kare daga duk wani illa na yanayi, warmed up da kuma bayar da zama dole samar da gina jiki.

abũbuwan amfãni

Angiosperms - sashen na sama shuke-shuke, wanda da wani tabbataccen da. Bugu da kari ga kariya daga zurriyar da halittar sharadi gwargwado ga ci gaban da tayi musu har yanzu tsaye hada da karbuwa daga tsaba don yada. Alal misali, 'ya'yan itatuwa da Maple musamman ruwan wukake, ta hanyar da suna iya aiwatar da iska. A boll poppy kanta crack lokacin da cikakke, yada da tsaba. Dadi 'ya'yan itatuwa yada dabbobi da cewa ci su, kuma excrete da undigested abinci ya zauna a nesa. Gymnosperms ba su da 'ya'ya. Su ne da tsaba a cikin Cones, wanda ba a dukan 'ya'yan itãce. Wannan modified harbe, ma'aikata wurin samuwar da kuma ci gaban da iri. Babu stock ake bukata domin tayi ci gaban abubuwa ko na'urorin ga iri waste da kuma sake ma su matsugunni da suka ba da shuke-shuke.

Features rarrabuwa

Angiosperms sashen hada biyu azuzuwan. Babban siffa daga cikin division - yawan cotyledons a cikin tayi na zuriya. Family division angiosperms - aya, da kuma Dicotyledonous - da sauran halaye.

Sashen Angiosperms: sifofinsu monocots

Sashen angiosperms, Monocotyledons aji hada da fiye da 600,000 jinsunan. Rayuwa siffofin, wanda ya gabatar da su ne yafi ciyawa. Amma daya cotyledon a cikin tayi na iri ga wakilan wannan aji suna halin fibrous tushen tsarin, da samuwan sauki ganye tare da layi daya da kuma da wuya - tare da baka ko a p-type venation. Cambium - goyi da ilimi masana'anta na kara, a monocots m shuke-shuke. A saboda wannan dalili, ba su samar da wani iko da kututturan. monocots aji hada da dama karami din raka'a - iyalansu.

The iyali na hatsi da

A halayyar alama na duk hatsi ne da gaban da m kara. Shi ne ake kira da culm. Kafa a kara saboda gaskiyar cewa ilimi masana'anta located a nodes. Wakilai daga cikin iyali ne da alkama, da hatsin rai, da sha'ir, da masara, alkama ciyawa da sauran shuke-shuke. Wata sifa ta hatsi ne m flower, wanda aka tuba a cikin wani corolla ma'auni. Yawan stamens dabam daga uku zuwa shida, wani lokacin more. Irin wannan sabon abu furanni suna tattara a Inflorescence - panicle hadaddun ko kunne. Kwai kafa ta biyu carpels. Sessile ganye da hatsi ba tare da tushe, da layi daya venation kunshi sassa uku: cikin farji, da kuma harshe farantin kai tsaye.

All hatsi ne sosai muhimmanci da abinci amfanin gona. Mafi yawansu suna amfani da samar da hatsi, gari, yin burodi daban-daban iri iri na abinci. Daya daga cikin wakilan na hatsi da kuma rake ne.

Albasa da iyali Liliaceae

A halayyar siffa daga cikin 'yan uwa ne da wanzuwar wani boye mafaka gyara - kwararan fitila. Wannan shi ya ƙunshi wata wadata da na gina jiki, saboda abin da wadannan shuke-shuke iya tsira cikin unfavorable lokaci. Chestnokov da leeks ne na hali wakilan da iyali. Amma Lily shuke-shuke kuma samar kwararan fitila, rhizomes wani lokacin. Tulip, prolesok, hyacinth, Lily na kwari, gagea, fritillary .. Wadannan tsire-tsire ne da farko alama na bazara. Kafin farko na rani da suka sami lokaci don yayi girma da kuma ottsvesti. Sa'an nan su aboveground bangare mutu, amma kwan fitila a karkashin kasa da ya rage mai yiwuwa a ko'ina cikin dukan zamanin da zama na wakilan da iyali Liliaceae.

Class Dicotyledons: halayyar siffofin

Muna ci gaba da duba Pokrytosemennye sashen, wanda azuzuwan ne sanannu. Af, Dicotyledonous su ne mafi girma daga gare su. Bã su da biyu cotyledons a cikin tayi na iri, famfo tushen tsarin, sauki ko fili bar tare da pinnate, palmate ko baka venation. A kara dicotyledonous located cambium - ilimi masana'anta gefe. Shi ne ke da alhakin su girma a cikin kauri. Saboda haka, domin wadannan shuke-shuke suna da halin rayuwa siffofin, ganye, Bishiyoyi. Family, wanda kasance a wannan aji suna da yawa. Saboda haka, za mu dubi kawai wasu daga cikinsu.

iyali Rosaceae

Wannan shi ne kamar yadda dubu uku nau'o'in 'ya'yan itace amfanin gona. Apple, pear, apricot, plum, Quince, ceri, peach - ne kawai wasu daga cikin wakilan da iyali Rosaceae. Su ne sauki rarrabe daga sauran da su halayyar siffofin: wani biyar-membered flower tare da kuri'a na stamens da wani biyu perianth. Inflorescence - a goga ko farantin. Kuma da main iri na 'ya'yan itace ne mai drupe da kuma apple. Wadannan al'adu mutum yana amfani da a abinci da kuma kiyaye, domin suna da muhimmanci da dandano.

leguminous

Wannan din naúrar yana da wani sunan - da malam. Wadannan tsire-tsire ne saboda ta flower tsari, wanda petals na daban-daban siffofi da kuma kama wani malam folded fuka-fuki. Amma da farko suka yi da sunan da irin 'ya'yan - wake. Shi ne bushe da bayyana biyu bude yatsun da kabu. A kowane daga cikinsu da tsaba suna located. The iyali ne da kwayoyi, mai, abinci, abinci da kuma ornamental shuke-shuke. Su hankula wakilan ne waken soya, Peas, wake, Clover, licorice, itacen ƙirya, gujiya da sauran shuke-shuke.

solanaceous

Mafi fi sanin al'adu, wakiltar iyali na Solanaceae, wasu fiye da shuke-shuke da wannan sunan ne dankali da tumatur, eggplants, barkono da kuma taba. Su furanni ne ma biyar-membered, amma sepals da kuma petals ake Fused, da kuma iri daban-daban na 'ya'yan itatuwa ne Berry ko kwantena. A mafi girma da tattalin arziki muhimmanci tsakanin wadannan su ne kayan lambu da kuma masana'antu amfanin gona, wanda sun hada da taba da kuma taba. Amma nightshade datura, henbane da belladonna ne m shuke-shuke da cewa zai iya sa mai tsanani guba na jikin mutum.

kabeji iyali

Wannan din naúrar, kira wannan hanya ta fi hankula wakilin, kuma aka sani da cruciferous. The abu ne cewa, flower yana hudu petals, shirya daura da juna. Outwardly, yake kama da siffar a kan gicciye. Bugu da kari zuwa iri daban-daban kabeji da kuma hada relis, turnip, radish, horseradish, mustard da rapeseed.

Tamanin da angiosperms a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar mutum

Sashen flowering (angiosperms) shuka da farko shi ne wani ɓangare daga kusan dukkanin al'ummomi, mahada a cikin abinci sarkar, tushen da kore kwayoyin halitta.

Daga cikin abinci amfanin gona na musamman muhimmancin ne iyali na hatsi, legumes, Rosaceae, Cruciferous. Mutane da yawa daga shuke-shuke da amfani ga samar da medicaments. Wannan licorice, marshmallow, valerian, tansy, St. John wort, celandine. A 'ya'yan itatuwa na flowering shuke-shuke arziki a cikin bitamin, musamman C. Wannan strawberry, blueberry, Cranberry, daji fure, tafarnuwa da albasa.

Babu wani daga cikin al'adu wuri mai faɗi shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin ba tare da ornamental flowering shuke-shuke, daga abin da ya fi kowa wardi, daffodils, dahlias, asters, petunias, daisies, furannin bi-rana, tulips, da sauransu.

Mutane da yawa shũka zuma. Su furanni da m ƙanshi da kuma dadi Nectar cewa janyo hankalin pollinating kwari. Daga cikin wadannan shuke-shuke za a iya kira jinsuna daban na itacen ƙirya, lemun tsami, buckwheat.

Amma tare da wasu flowering mutumin har yanzu yi yãƙi. Yana pestiferous weeds: alkama ciyawa, quinoa, shuka ƙaya, barnyard ciyawa da sauransu. Akwai kuma m nau'in. Saboda haka, a lokacin da amfani da kuskure, celandine iya sa mai tsanani cramps da dope - hallucinations, rashin iko da sani da kuma delirium.

Features sashen Pokrytosemennye shaida ga babban matakin kungiyar da cewa a yarda musu su yi wani abu matsayi a cikin shuka duniya tsarin.