Kazakhstan: ma'adanai na kasar, da ganima. Ore ma'adanai na Kazakhstan

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, duk da idanu da aka mayar da hankali a kan Rasha. Amma idan ka bincika a hankali taswira, kana iya ganin cewa a wannan yankin ƙasar ya ko daya manyan jihar, mamaya tara wuri a duniya ranking daga cikin mafi girma kasashen - Kazakhstan.

The biyu sassa na duniya

Sunan jihar ya ba da kalmar "Kazakh", wanda yana da wani Baturke asali kuma yana nufin wannan a matsayin bambancin da ta Rasha "Cossack" - "free mutum." Free mutane da wani wuri zuwa yawon, saboda ko da daga yanzu fiye da murabba'in kilomita miliyan 2.7 na ƙasar yankin ne fiye da arba'in bisa dari ne hamada. Kuma idan muka ɗauka a Semi-bari, to, wannan kusan inda ba wanda yake zaune ƙasa bautarka kusan sittin bisa dari na Kazakhstan.

Wannan jiha - daya daga cikin 'yan wadanda ƙasa aka located in biyu sassa na duniya - Turai da kuma Asiya. Kwanan discrepancies faruwa a cikin definition of iyakoki na duniya. Idan baya da iyaka ne kõma tare da Ural River, amma yanzu wasu masana kimiyya sun yarda cewa shi wajibi ne don matsawa more na Ural Mountains. Abin da kafofin ko kai, duk abin da da iyakoki tsakanin sassa na duniya ba a yi, shi ne babban ɓangare na Kazakhstan ne a Asiya, da kuma wani karami - a Turai.

Da farko, da yawan da aka fi gabatar da kanta Kazakhs. Amma tun rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, idan akwai wani taro hijirarsa na mazauna a kasar - da fitarwa na Great Patriotic War, ci gaban budurwa asashe - da kabilu na cewa Jihar samu iri-iri. Musamman ya karu kwarara daga yawon ci-rani, a lokacin da suka gano manyan adibas na albarkatun ma'adinai na Kazakhstan. Da kuma ci gaban da adibas faru kamar yadda Soviet masana'antu da bukatun.

Lokaci-lokaci Table a hanjinsu

A cikin sharuddan binciken kasa Kazakhstan ne mai arziki a cikin albarkatun ma'adinai. A cikin zurfin wannan jiha da yake a ɓõye, kusan duk lokaci-lokaci tebur. Daruruwan bai cika sinadaran abubuwa bincika adibas na saba'in. A lokaci guda samar da sittin da su motsi a cike gudun. Wannan m matsayi na kasa tare da albarkatu ƙaddara zuwa iri-iri na yanki Tsarin kan irin wannan sararin ƙasa. Kuma shi ne ma'aunan kasa tsarin da aka ba da dalilin cewa ma'adanai a Kazakhstan suna located kusan kai tsaye a fadin yankuna na kasar. Don kwanan wata, akwai game da ɗari biyar filayen dake dauke da fiye da dubu iri ma'adanai. Abin baƙin ciki, da fifiko yankunan da tsohon Tarayyar Soviet adversely shafi ci gaban da albarkatun a yankuna daban-daban. Saboda haka babban hannun jari na wasu albarkatu na Kazakhstan sun kasance a hanyoyi da yawa ba ci gaba.

Northern ƙasa

Land of Northern Kazakhstan ne cibiyar da Karafa masana'antu, zama a matsayin tushen da albarkatun kasa domin samar da aluminum da zinariya. Reserves magnetite ores da burozheleznyakovyh na biliyoyin tons. Kuma ta Mining a yankin shi ne lokaci mai tsawo. Ci gaba da kuma tutiya nawa da kuma most a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet asbestos adibas. Bayan sama, ma'adanai Arewa Kazakhstan - wani gagarumin adibas na ores da wani babban abun ciki na nickel, cobalt, tin, Tantalite, kuma titanium, amma har yanzu suna a ci gaba mataki. A wannan jumlar - da fata na ci gaba - ya shafi wani musamman ajiya na masana'antu Diamonds. Ni murna kawai da cewa hakar ma'adinai ba daskarewa, kuma sannu a hankali za a fara da za a gane. Alal misali, ya fara ci gaban ores arziki a tutiya, a cikin filin Shaimerden.

Orient

Albarkatun ma'adinai na Gabas Kazakhstan an gabatar da farko polymetallic ores. Wannan shi ne yafi na gubar da kuma tutiya, tare da abin da jan karfe ne cirewa daga tama, da kuma masu daraja zinariya da platinum abubuwa. Wadannan yankunan da fiye da arba'in da cent na ajiyar ketare na Kazakh zinariya. Bugu da kari, da halin da ake ciki yana ƙarfafa cewa manyan Kazakh reserves gabashin titanium ores ba kawai bincika, amma kuma ya fara samun ci gaba.

Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan

Coal daruna a kasar ne sanannen yafi Tsakiya Kazakhstan. Ma'adanai ne kuma m carbon - wannan tama da babban abun ciki na manganese, tungsten, molybdenum. Border yankuna na kasar ne quite al'ada. Jamhuriyar yankin ne a lamba tare da sauran yankuna, don haka reserves gubar da kuma tutiya, wanda aka located babban arewaci da gabashin Kazakhstan da adibas a tsakiyar kasar.

Kudu Kazakhstan

Kudancin ƙasashe rabu da sauran yankuna na jihar, ko da tsakiyar, hamada. Saboda haka, suna da musamman, sabanin sauran sassan Kazakhstan, adibas. Adibas na uranium tama kudancin kasar ne na biyu mafi girma a duniya, lissafin kudi don fiye da ashirin bisa dari na duniya reserves. Sun ci gaba da ya fi zamani hanya - by in-wuri leaching. Baya uranium tama, kudu da Kazakhstan ne sananne ga dutse phosphate adibas.

yammacin asashe

Kusan duk hydrocarbon reserves suna located a ƙasashen yammacin Kazakhstan. Bugu da ƙari, mai tanadi kasar ne daga saman dozin na duniya jihohi, da kuma iskar gas reserves - a saman ashirin. Bayan hydrocarbons, yamma da fitar da potassium salts na boron kuma ta halitta chromite.

The shugabannin duniya

A bambancin da ma'aunan kasa Tsarin ya kai ga cewa idan ta zo game da Kazakhstan, albarkatun ma'adinai na kasar, da zarar ya lura: a wasu yankunan da suka mamaye wani abu matsayi a duniya. Saboda haka babu wani abu abin mamaki a gaskiyar cewa a cikin wannan kasa mafi girma a duniya reserves na ores dauke da tutiya, tungsten, barite. Na biyu wuri a duniya da azurfa, da gubar da chromite. Kazakhstan ne daga saman biyar manyan kasashen duniya a cikin masu girma dabam na tama dauke da jan karfe, molybdenum, da zinariya, da kuma fluorite. Amma idan ka bi da tattalin arziki kima na yin amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai, da mafi muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin jihar za ta zama kwal da man fetur.

ci hako ma'adinai

Da farko, babban hanya na Kazakhstan yi kwal. Shahararren girma (saboda da kama magana) Karaganda faru a sakamakon bukatun matasa Soviet jihar a ci. Unpopulated yankunan a lokacin Tsakiya Kazakhstan aka bincika a gaban kwal a cikin karni na sha tara, amma na farko ma'aikata 'ƙauyuka bayyana a nan kawai a cikin farkon ashirin. Amma ga rayayye ci gaba da Karaganda ci tasa ya fara a cikin thirties na karshe karni, lokacin da kasar tana fuskantar wani m bukatar man fetur da kuma albarkatun kasa domin karfe masana'antu. Bayan duk, da gida ci coking, sakamakon shi a high quality, kuma a bukatar a masana'antu. Saboda haka, asali pre-yaki hakar ma'adinai a Kazakhstan da aka rage wa ci tsara. A cikin tsawon aiki ci gaban da ci hakar ma'adinai a mafi arewacin yankunan na bude filin burozheleznyakovyh ores. Wannan shi ne farkon da m girma na metallurgical masana'antu na Kazakhstan. A ranar, da samu Karaganda ci tasa 80 coalbed 120 mita lokacin farin ciki da ganga 45 ya kai tan biliyan. Ya yankunan da ake located a cikin uku yankunan tsakiya na kasar. Coal karafa ne ma underway a Ekibastuz ci tasa.

hydrocarbons

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet - duniya ta manyan man fetur da kuma iskar gas daga ƙasa - da yawa post-Soviet kasashe sun dogara Rasha, domin wadannan hydrocarbons reserves aka rarraba unevenly a fadin kasar. Amma sun kasance bã su hana Kazakhstan. Ma'adanai dauke da hydrocarbons, a cikin sabuwar kafa jihohi sun kasance a wuce haddi. Na biyu a cikin post yawa na reserves, da sauransu - iskar gas. Amma da peculiar ci gaban da masana'antar mai da gas a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet a hanyoyi biyu shafi masana'antu a lokacin da 'yancin kai na Kazakhstan. A daya hannun - wani mai arziki ajiya. Bisa ga arzikin man fetur a cikin ƙaunar da ƙasa, Kazakhstan ne jagorancin duniya kungiyar, da ciwon kusan biyu da cent na duk bincika adibas na samfurin a duniya, wanda shi ne game da hudu ya kai tan biliyan. Dan kadan kasa da a cikin iskar gas reserves Kazakhstan: a yawan sharuddan na duniya duka - kimanin daya bisa dari, wanda shi ne kusan biliyan biyu cubic mita. A daya hannun, a mayar da hankali hakar Union Siberian man fetur da kuma iskar gas ya kai ga gaskiya cewa shugabanci a Kazakhstan ya kasa ci gaba fiye da a makwabciyar jihar.

tama ma'adinai

Ore ma'adanai ana amfani da ko'ina a Kazakhstan. Hannun jari na tama sun mayar da hankali a arewacin ƙasashe na jihar, inda a can ne har zuwa tamanin da biyar bisa dari na jimlar reserves na kasar. Wasu tama adibas ne don haka high cewa baƙin ƙarfe abun ciki a cikin su ne mafi girma daga daya da rabi daga cikin tama. Amma talakawa Kazakh tama da hakar dauke da babu fiye da arba'in bisa dari na baƙin ƙarfe.

Casa'in da tara bisa dari chromium adibas located a kan kudu hari Ural duwãtsu, wanda aka mai suna a Kazakhstan Mugodzhary. Jihar nuna na biyu a duniya cikin sharuddan chromite hakar ma'adinai.

Manganese tama gida adibas, wanda SUPPLiES wani biyu girma daga cikin CIS, da har zuwa 27% na karfe abun ciki.

Copper hakar ma'adinai a kasar ne da za'ayi a cikin wannan filayen (Zhezkazgan, Orel, Nicholas) na dogon lokaci, wanda ya haddasa su sauka a hankali ci. Saboda haka, kowane kokarin da aka yi don commissioning na sabon ci gaban da Eastern Kazakhstan. A daidai wannan lokaci da search for jan ores suna da za'ayi a cikin Tsakiya da kuma yammacin yankuna na kasar.

Sa'an nan, idan mun yi magana game da Kazakhstan, kasar ma'adanai dauke da zinariya, ya kamata a lura da cewa samar da daraja karfe ya asali kawai biyo kashi a ci gaban polymer ores. Yanzu zinariya ci gaban da aka gudanar a 16 yankuna na kasar. Bincika da 190 filayen, kuma a cikin zinariya reserves Kazakhstan mukamansu biyar a duniya. Yanzu aiki aikin hakar zinari goyon baya da zinariya a kan gaba rabin karni.

nonmetallic ma'adinai

Albarkatun ma'adinai na Kazakhstan ba iyakance ga ores da kwal. A jihar shi ne mai arziki a cikin asbestos adibas mafi yawan abin da ake located in Zhetygarinskom da Zhezkaganskom filayen. Bugu da kari, filin kudu Mugodzhar arziki a cikin wannan kashi, ko kasa maida ci gaba.

Mining ayyukan a Kazakhstan muhimmanci ci gaba a cikin kau shugabanci daga ciwon hanji na duniya phosphate. Hannun jari na phosphorus abubuwa a cikin kudancin kasar shi ne na biyu a duniya da kundinta, da kuma abun ciki na babban samfuri ne unmatched.

Bayan wadannan nonmetallic abubuwa a cikin Caspian ciki Kazakhstan gano unprecedented hannun jari salts. Raba gishiri-qazanta strata wuce biyu kilomita.

Taƙaita dukan sama, mun lura cewa, kasar shi ne mai arziki a cikin daban-daban adibas. Ma'adanai na Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan da mafi ingancin. Abin baƙin ciki, da zane da aka ba ko da yaushe kiyaye a dace matakin. A mafi girma da muhimmancin ga tattalin arzikin jihar yana ci karafa, da kuma man gas.