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Ionizing radiation: radiation kariya (matakan da kayan aikin)

Kõguna electromagnetic filayen daga photons (photons) da kuma na farko barbashi (corpuscles) dalili ionizing radiation. Kariya daga radiation yana da muhimmanci sosai. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da motsi ta hanyar wani abu irin wannan ya kwarara ionizes duk da kwayoyin da kwayoyin halitta.

Halitta bango radiation

Ionizing radiation a matsayin halitta sabon abu ne ba a ko'ina. Yana zo duniya daga sarari. Shin da shi a cikin ruwa, fadowa baya daga cikin iska. Rediyoaktif isotopes na cosmic asalin shiga cikin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta lokacin da abinci da kuma tsaya a gare su.

Daga farkon wannan duniya tamu a kan shi da shi da na halitta ionizing radiation. Kariya da irin wannan radiation ba da ake bukata, da kuma kauce wa su ne kawai zai yiwu ba. The halitta radiation kullum accompanies mutum ba tare da cutar da lafiya.

A amfani da ionizing radiation

Radioactivity matsayin wani jiki sabon abu da aka gano a 1896. Don kwanan wata, shi sami aikace-aikace a fannoni daban daban na mutum aiki. Alal misali, a cikin makamashi kansu a kasashen da dama da wani gagarumin wuri ne da aka ba makaman nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke. Yadu amfani rediyoaktif radiation a magani. Tare da shi da aka gudanar ganewar asali da cututtuka da kuma kayan ciki, kazalika da radiation far zaman da magani daga ciwon daji. Amfani da yawan rediyoaktif abubuwa karatu tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki, ciki gabobin karatu.

Amfani da m zarra da kuma manufar da masana'antu dubawa. Ina rediyoaktif abubuwa suna sanya a cikin wani iri-iri na kula da na'urorin.

Duk mun san alamar "mafita", shigar a jiragen sama da kuma gine-gine. Ya ƙunshi rediyoaktif tritium. Saboda wannan abu irin wannan alama na da ikon haske a cikin duhu ko a taron na mai haɗari wadatar. Rediyoaktif americium samu a da yawa wuta ƙararrawa na'urorin shigar a cikin jama'a gine-gine da kuma gidajensu.

Gurbin kan jiki

Dangane da samar da makamashi bakan na rediyoaktif radiation iya daban-daban ionizing da kuma iya shiga iko. Daga cikin yanayi na dukiya da kuma zai dogara ne a kan tasirin da ya kwarara a kan kwayoyin halittar. Barbashi wucewa ta hanyar da nazarin halittu abu emit a wasu makamashi. Lokacin shi ne isasshe high dabi'u shi ne halakar da sunadarai shaidu daga kwayoyin da kwayoyin halitta. A wasu kalmomin, da sosai aiki na duk Kwayoyin wani mai rai nama, karya ionizing radiation. Kariya da radiation a cikin wannan hali ne mai muhimmanci sosai. Zai ci gaba da wani mutum da lafiya.

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Ionizing radiation iya samun somatic effects a kan jikin mutum. Yana da wani buɗi na kullum da kuma m radiation ciwo da kuma mai da hankali radiation raunin. A wasu lokuta, rediyoaktif barbashi da somatic-stochastic effects. An bayyana a cikin fetal magance, abin da ya faru na m marurai, rage tsawon rayuwar da kwayoyin kasawa.

iri radiation

rediyoaktif barbashi rafi tushen iya zama a waje da jikin mutum. A irin wannan yanayi a can ne na waje daukan hotuna.

Rediyoaktif abubuwa iya samun cikin jikin mu daga abinci, da ruwa da kuma iska. Wannan zai gabatar ciki sakawa a iska mai guba. Yana kuma adversely rinjayar da mu lafiya.

Mene ne kariya da rediyoaktif kwarara

A ka'idodi na kariya da ionizing radiation suna kewaye a cikin:

  • daraja da asali kashi haddi.
  • zai yiwu don rage mafi low matakin radiation dosages.
  • wariya da ko da wata 'yar alamar m daukan hotuna.

Personnel aiki tare da rediyoaktif abubuwa dole wuce din monitoring. Manufar wannan aiki ne domin sanin da radiation kashi a mutum. A girma daga wannan iko dole ne a kai tsaye gwargwado ga yanayin da ma'aikaci ke aiki tare da rediyoaktif abubuwa. Kowace daga cikin aiki da suka yi lamba tare da kafofin na juyi barbashi ya zama mutum dosimeter. Wannan kayan aiki wajibi ne ga iko da radiation kashi samu ta mutum.

Aiwatar da matakan rage tasiri na rediyoaktif kwarara

Yadda aka aiwatar da ka'idojin na kariya da ionizing radiation? Suna aiwatar a cikin wadannan hanyoyi:

  • rage ikon radiation kafofin (kariya da lambar).
  • Source rage aiki lokaci (kariya lokaci).
  • kara nisa daga sadarwarka matsayin Madogararsa (da nesa kariya).
  • shigarwa na tsare kayan iya mamaye da barbashi qarqashinsu (kariya fuska).
  • aiwatar da kiwon lafiya da kuma kungiya-fasaha matakan.

Duk na sama - Waɗannan su ne babban hanyoyin kariya a kan ionizing radiation. Domin su dadada rai, da shi ne kyawawa ba kawai a yi amfani a wasu yanayi, mutummutumi da manipulators, amma kuma zuwa cikakken sanya aiki da kai kan aiwatar.

Hanyoyin da kariya da ionizing radiation hada a jerin da yin amfani da daban-daban na sirri m kayan aiki, kazalika da shigarwa na gargadi game da radiation Hazard ãyõyi.

gabatarwa kayan aiki

Kariya daga daukan hotuna zuwa ionizing radiation ne wani ɓangare na samar da wani hadari aiki yanayi. A waɗannan wurare inda ma'aikatan aiki tare da rediyoaktif abubuwa, bukatar duka iko, kyale su kafa da tsanani da daban-daban iri radiation. Wadannan dakunan ko wurare, lalle zã a sanye take da wani tsarin na samun iska da ciwon samun iska kudi na ba kasa da biyar. Bugu da kari, da data sarari ake bukata don ware daga sauran.

Ina aiki ne da za'ayi tare da ionizing gudana, kofofi, ceilings, benaye da ganuwar ya kamata a yi na musamman na'urar. Wannan ya sa shi yiwuwa a tara rediyoaktif turɓãya da rashin sha yiwuwa surfacing kayan rediyoaktif taya, vapors, kuma aerosols. Don yin haka, wadata dakin yin amfani da PVC roba, linoleum, fenti, da dai sauransu Shan duk yiwu matakan kare da ionizing radiation, shi wajibi ne don sarrafa jihar na Tsarin cikin dakin. Kamata su ba su da wani fasa da kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Bugu da kari, da malã'iku daga cikin dakunan zagaye fitar dole. Wannan gusar da wuraren rediyoaktif turɓãya da facilitates tsaftacewa.

Wanke Jigo a cikin abin da aikin ne da za'ayi tare da ionizing radiation kamata kullum. Wajabta ta, kuma wata-wata janar tsaftacewa da irin wannan sites. Ya unshi tsaftacewa windows, ganuwar, furniture, kayan aiki da kuma kofofin yin amfani da zafi soapy ruwa.

A amfani da sirri m kayan aiki

Personnel aiki tare da rediyoaktif abubuwa, ya kamata a yi ado a cikin na musamman tufafi. Yana da cikakken kare jiki daga alpha radiation. Haka kuma, ba miss kashi beta-, gamma- ko X-barbashi kwarara. Sauran wajen kariya da ionizing radiation - shi ne antikontaminatsionnye kara da safar hannu, da takalma da kuma hoods, tabarau, da kuma kai aprons. Dukan su yi amfani da su adam kiwon lafiya a lokacin da waje sakawa a iska mai guba. A takamaiman jerin sirri m kayan aiki ya dogara da ikon ionizing radiation.

Tare da kadan samu bayar da ma'aikaci gowns, kuma coveralls, kazalika da iyakoki, sewn daga auduga masana'anta. Higher matakan radioactivity bukatar ƙarin lalacewa tufafi film kamar yadda bracers, wando, aprons, da dai sauransu, wanda aka sanya roba. A hannun a cikin wannan yanayin kare roba gubar impregnated safar hannu.

Lokacin dauke da gurbata ma'aikata bayar kara (matsa lamba kara) Ya sanya daga roba abu da kuma ciwon m tiyo ta hanyar abin da iska da aka kawota. A kayan aiki da irin wannan tufafi iya zama tsit oxygen na'ura.

Gawan kariya da ionizing radiation tabarau, wanda aka saka a cikin na musamman hada da tungsten, gubar gilashin ko phosphate. Musamman kayan aikin da ake amfani da lokacin da yin aiki tare da alpha da beta radiation. Suna sanya kwayoyin gilashin faranti.

Rediyoaktif barbashi cewa shigar da jiki, za su tara a can. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa ciki sakawa a iska mai guba. Irin wannan daukan hotuna razana zargin daban-daban pathologies.

Mutane daya-daya da kariya a kan ionizing radiation iya rage adadin ingested rediyoaktif kashi via da numfashi fili.

Rage nesa daga tushen

A hadari aiki yanayi tare da rediyoaktif abubuwa suna generated kawai a lokacin da amfani da m kariya a kan ionizing radiation. A wannan yanayin, musamman matakan da nufin a tsare mutum kiwon lafiya za ta dogara ne a kan irin tushen da kuma yanayi na samar da tsari.

Nau'in na kariya da ionizing radiation ne daban-daban, amma mafi sauki da kuma a lokaci guda m of su ne nesa kariya. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa radiation iya rasa da makamashi iya aiki. Haka kuma, wannan na faruwa tare da kara nisa daga tushen.

A amfani da musamman fuska

Hanyoyin da kariya da ionizing radiation shafi yin amfani da ba kawai da mutum amma kuma na gama dukiya. ga latest bukatun an kayyade ta Gost 12.4.120-83. Wannan tsara daftarin aiki na samar da takamaiman jerin gama wajen kariya, wanda sun hada da:

  • Mobile kuma tsit fuska.
  • aminci kwalaye da kuma safes.
  • musamman kwantena, a cikin abin da ajiya da sufuri da na radiation kafofin, da dai sauransu

Human tasiri hanyar kare da korau kwarara daga rediyoaktif barbashi ne a kafa musamman kariyar. Su ne musamman fuska daban-daban thicknesses. Suna sanya daga na musamman kayayyakin da hana gudana daga barbashi. Babban manufar wadannan fuska ne don rage zuwa wani m watsi nagartacce a wajen aikin. Wani lokaci na aiki tare da radiation kafofin ne da za'ayi a cikin na musamman da bẽnãye. A waɗannan wurare da fuska za su bauta a matsayin kasa da ganuwar, kuma rufi an sanya na musamman kayan.

Sauran iri na gama m kayan aiki

A masana'antu inda ajiya ne da za'ayi gamma-ray kafofin, yi amfani da musamman safes. The abu don su yi suna karfe da gubar.

Aiki tare da rediyoaktif abubuwa, wanda da alpha ko beta aiki ne da za'ayi a cikin m safar hannu kwalaye. Ta wajen da na gama tsaro, da kuma hada da musamman tarin kuma kwantena da aka sanya rediyoaktif tõzarta. A matsayin kayan amfani ga yi na karfe, Organic gilashi, kai da dai sauransu.

Kare jama'a

Wadannan manyan hatsarori a masana'antu da cewa amfani da kafofin na rediyoaktif gaɓũɓuwa, ionizing radiation iya yada wa manyan yankunan. Kariya da radiation a cikin wannan hali ya shafi daukacin jama'ar da suke zaune a cikin bala'i zone. Wasu matakan ne musamman muhimmanci don kula ba kawai lafiya, amma kuma na zaune.

Kare jama'a da ionizing radiation da aka kawo wa kowane mutum takamaiman shawarwari. Domin su aiwatar kamata:

  • to boye a baya ganuwar wani Apartment gidan, wanda ƙwarai rage matakin ionizing radiation;
  • -dense doorways da Frames, kazalika don rufe vents domin hana shigar azzakari cikin farji na rediyoaktif abubuwa daga iska rafi.
  • Stock sama a kan shan ruwa da kuma kashe famfo.
  • rike aidin prophylaxis.
  • tattara abubuwa, magunguna da kuma takardun da za a bukata, idan ya cancanta, fitarwa.

Hanyoyin da kariya da ionizing radiation lokacin da motsi ta hanyar bude yankunan kamata hada numfashi kariya. A saboda wannan dalili, irin nufin samuwa za a iya amfani da a matsayin tawul, wani yanki na tufafi, mai zanen aljihu ko wani gauze bandeji wanda dole ne a pre-wetted da ruwa. Kare kan illa na radiation da kuma fata za su bukatar. Ya kamata ya zama a matsayin rufe tufafi. The gashi kare wani headgear.

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